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FGS Scalability Structure
I P/B P/B P/B
MPEG-4 base layer
Fine-granular scalable enhancement layer
P/B
n e(n) n+1 e(n+1) n+2 e(n+2) n+3 e(n+3)
Layered scalable coding Tech.
SNR scalabilityIf the encoder uses the enhancement-layer information in
the motion-prediction loop and the enhancement-layer information is (not) received by the decoder, the enhancement-layer coding efficiency is high (low).
If the encoder does not use the enhancement-layer information in the motion-prediction loop and the enhancement-layer information is (not) received by the decoder, drift happens in the enhancement layer and coding efficiency is low. (the result is the same as using the base layer only.)
FGS USING BIT-PLANE CODING OF DCT COEFFICIENTS
Overall Coding Structure of FGS Some Details of FGS Coding Profile Definitions in the Amendment of
MPEG-4
Some Details of FGS Coding
1) Different Numbers of Bit-Planes for Individual Color Components
2) Variable-Length Codes3) Decoding Truncated Bitstreams4) Variations to the Standardized FGS C
oding Structure
Decoding Truncated Bitstreams
Decoding of the truncated bitstream is not standardized in MPEG-4.
One possible method To look ahead 32 bits at every byte-aligned position in t
he bitstream. If the 32 bits are not fgs vop start code, the first 8 bits o
f the 32 bits are information bits of the FGS frame to be decoded. The decoder slides the bitstream pointer by one byte and looks ahead another 32 bits to check for fgs vop start code.
Variations to the Standardized FGS Coding
Structure
A possible variation of FGS encoder structure
DCT Domain
“Find Reference”
To generate the reference signal in the DCT domain to be subtracted in the encoder and added in the decoder.
The operation of taking residue is slightly different in the variation method.
The distribution of such a residual signal
Taking Residue between Original and Reconstructed DCT Coefficients.
The distribution of such a residual signal
Taking residue between original and lower boundary point of quantization bin.
Profile Definitions in the Amendment of MPEG-4
Advanced Simple Profile contains a subset of nonscalable video-coding to
ols to achieve high coding efficiency at any given bit rate within a wide range of bit rates.
The base-layer coding tools defined in the Advanced Simple Profile include both P-VOP (forward pre-diction only) and B-VOP (bi-directional prediction) for coding motion-compensated residues.
The FGS profile is defined to meet the requirement of optimizing video quality over a given bit rate range.
CODING EFFICIENCY PERFORMANCE OF FGS
FGS versus Multilayer SNR Scalability FGS versus Non-Scalable Coding FGS versus Simulcast
ADVANCED FEATURES IN FGS
Frequency Weighting Selective Enhancement Error Resilience FGS Temporal Scalability
FGS Temporal Scalability
FGST organized into a separate layer from FGS
FGST and FGS organized into a single enhancement layer.