Overview of Overview of Indian Power SectorIndian Power Sector
February 29, 2008
Evolutionary Phase of Power Sector • Radical changes in structural, institutional and operational
arrangements.• Supply of electricity is moving away from being considered
as “Public Service” to an “Economic Activity”
• Private Sector Participation aimed at • marshaling requisite investment into the sector
• to usher in competition and improved efficiency
• Consumer’s Aspiration Growing – Digital Grade Power Supply being Sought
Electricity Act 2003 – Paradigm Shift• Delicensing of generation and freedom for captive power
plants
• Trading defined as distinct activity.
• Unbundling of erstwhile monolithic State Electricity Boards
into separate corporations responsible for generation,
transmission and distribution
• Non discriminatory Open Access in transmission
• Transmission as licensed Activity
• Procurement of Power through Competitive basis
Players in the Power SectorPlayers in the Power SectorGenerators
Central Transmission utility
State Transmission/Sub-transmission utilities
Distribution utilities
System Operator
Consumers
Traders
Development of Electric GridsDevelopment of Electric Grids
Regional
State
National
1960’s 1970’s 1990’s
Local
1950’s
Adoption of Generating unit size
500MW
200/210MW
Less than 200MW
1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s
660/1000MW
Plan wise Growth of Power System Plan wise Growth of Power System
4260063600
85800105000
132300
020000400006000080000
100000120000140000
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
MW
9300 21600 40900 6040092900
3730094400
169700
254800
383700
050000
100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000
6th Plan 7th Plan 8th Plan 9th Plan 10th plan
Ckt
. km
s
400 kV lines 220 kV lines
― 6th Plan – 1980-85
― 7th Plan – 1985-90
― Annual Plan 1990-91
― Annual Plan 1991-92
― 8th Plan – 1992-97
― 9th Plan – 1997-2002
― 10th Plan – 2002-07
Indian Power System - Present
NER
ER
NR
WR
SR AND
AMAN
&
NIC
OBAR
LAKSHAD
WEEP
I.C-41800PD- 37950Deficit- 10100
I.C-38350PD- 26000Deficit-2000
I.C-18600PD- 11400Deficit - 700
I.C-2500PD- 1660Deficit- 300
I.C-36850PD- 29570Deficit- 3500
All figs. in MW
• Installed Capacity: 141 GW
• Peak Demand – 106 GW
• Peak Shortage – 15.6%
• Energy Shortage – 10.4 %
Indian Power System - Present
• Transmission Grid Comprises: – 765kV/400kV Lines - 77,500 ckt. km
– 220/132kV Lines - 114,600 ckt. km
– HVDC bipoles - 3 nos.
– HVDC back-to-back - 7 nos.
– FSC – 18 nos.; TCSC – 6 nos.
• NER, ER, NR & WR operating as single grid of 90,000 MW
• Inter-regional capacity : 17,000 MW
Inter-regional links – At present
C H A N D R A P U R
U .S IL E R U
N A G J H A R I
S R
K O L H A P U R
P O N D A
B E L G A U M
M W1 0 0 0
G A Z U W A K A
R A IP U R
V IN D H Y A C H A L
G O R A K H P U R
W R
G W A L IO RU J J A IN
M A L A N P U R
A G R A
K O T A
A U R A IY A
N R
B IR P A R A
E RM A L D A
P U R I
B A L IM E L A
K O R B A
R O U R K E L AT A L C H E R
D E H R I
S A H U
M U Z A F F A R P U R
P A T N AB A R H
N E RB O N G A IG A O N
S A L A K A T I
1 0 0 0M W
5 0 0M W
B U D H IP A D A R
S A S A R A M
B IH A R S H A R IF F
B A L IA
Inter-regional capacity : 17,000MW
Projected Power Scenario
105152
218
437
323
2007 2012 2017 2022 2027Year
GW
Peak Demand
153220
306
575425
GW
2007 2012 2017 2022 2027Year
67 GW86 GW
119 GW150 GWInstalled Capacity Requirement
Energy Resource Map
• Hydro potential in NER and upper part of NR.
• Coal reserves mainly in ER.
• Load Centres mainly in Northern & Western part of the Country
• Thus for optimal utilisation of resources – strong National Grid is a necessity.
Generation Addition
State Identified Capacity Additions
NER 4,050
West Bengal 5,000
Jharkhand 23,000Orissa 31,000Bihar 7,300Sikkim 3,500
Other 4,500Total 78,500
In 11th Plan(2007-2012) – 78,577 MWCapacity addition in limited areas, as detail given below:
ALL Figures in MW
In 12th Plan – 82,200 MW
Capacity addition confined to few areas
Capacity adition proposed during XI Plan
16553
58644
3380
HYDRO(MW)
THERMAL(MW)
NUCLEAR(MW)
Improving Grid Operation
74
53
7 2 1 03 4 0 0 0 00
20
40
60
80
100
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07till dateYear
Grid
Dis
turb
ance
s
Minor
Major
Grid Disturbances
• System Availability - At par with international standard• Grid Disturbance - No major grid disturbance during
last 4½ years• Inter-regional Capacity – 17,000 MW as on date• Energy Exchanged - 38,000 MUs in 06-07
Improving Grid Operation
• All Regional & State Load Despatch Centres modernised
• National Load Despatch Centre under implementation
• This coupled with implementation of ABT has led to:
– ‘Nil’ Grid Collapses in Last four and a half years.– Improvement in frequency and voltage profile– Merit Order Operation, Leading to Overall Economy– Transparency in grid operation – Quantum leap in intra and inter-regional Power
Exchange and Trading (inter-regional energy exchanged in 2006-07 is about 38,000 MU)
GRID DISTURBANCES
74
53
7 2 1 03 4 0 0 0 00
20
40
60
80
100
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07till dateYear
Grid
Dis
turb
ance
s
Minor
Major
No major grid disturbance for last 4½ years
Minor grid disturbance reduced to minuscule
Major Challenges in Transmission Development
• Large quantum of power to be transferred over long distance
• Conservation of eco-sensitive Right-of-Way (ROW)
• Flexibility to enhance the transmission capacity etc.
• Harnessing of Daily and Seasonal Diversity
• Optimal transmission cost
• Development of large transmission system in a limited time period
BY 2011-12
New Transmission Lines – 55,000 Ckt.kms
765 kV - 9,000 Ckt.kms; 400 kV - 46,000 ckt.kms
New Substations – 65 Nos.
765 kV – 15 (1 no. GIS) ; 400 kV – 50 (6 nos. GIS)
Series Compensation – 44 Nos.
HVDC System – +800kV, 6000MW & +500kV, 2500MW 1200 kV UHVAC SuperGrid overlaying 400kV/765kV AC network
BY 2016-17
Quantum of works is expected to be of same order as 11th plan
(in next 10-12 years- about 10 nos. 6000 MW HVDC Bipoles are envisaged)
POWERGRID Physical Target
• Development of National Grid on continual basis with sufficient inter-regional power transfer capacity
• Planned to enhance the capacity progressively to about -
National Grid – A Continuing Process
Strengthening of National Grid
17000
37700
150000
0
30000
60000
90000
120000
150000
IR C
apac
ity (M
W)
Present 2012 2027
Year
RAIPUR
SAHU
HVDC BACK-TO-BACK
VINDHYACHAL
LAKSHADW
EEP
KOLAR
BELGAUM
KOLHAPUR
WR
U.SILERU
CHANDRAPUR
1000 BALIMELAMW
KORBA
AURAIYA
MALANPUR
NR
MALDABIRPARA
NIC
OB
AR
AND
AMAN
&
220 kV
HVDC BIPOLE
BUDHIPADAR
400 kV
SASARAM
ER
GAZUWAKA
TALCHER
ROURKELA
DEHRI
Legend
BONGAIGAON
NERFATEHPUR
AGRA
GWALIOR
GORAKHPUR MUZAFFARPUR
PATNAB'SHARIFF
BARHNABINAGAR
PURI
KOTA
UJJAIN
KANKROLI
ZERDA
RAPP
NAGDA RANCHISIPATNORTH KARANPURA
SIPAT
SALAKATI
765 kV
BALIA
SRNAGJHARI
PONDA
PARLI
MW1000
500MW
SILIGURI
National Grid by 2012
Inter-regional capacity –37,700MW
Pushing Technological Frontiers
Grid Disturbances
400 kV
1977 1990 2000 2011 2012/13
765kV AC
±800 kV HVDC 1200kV UHVAC
±500 kV HVDC
Technologies Already Implemented
• Upgrading & Uprating of existing transmission system
• EHVAC Transmission System up to 765kV
• High rise & Multi ckt towers to avoid deforestation and protection of wild life
• Multi-conductor Bundle line
• Compact Tower/Pole Tower to reduce Right-of-Way
• High Temp endurance conductor for increased Loading
• Gas Insulated Substation
• Substation automation & remote operation
Focus: Optimisation of Right-of-Way & Land requirement
Contd…
Technology in Operation and Maintenance
• State-of-the-Art maintenance techniques being practiced:
– Hotline maintenance
– Live line detection of Insulator failure
– Emergency Restoration System
– Thermo vision scanning
Environment & Social Policy (ESPP) based on principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation
Specially designed high - rise towers (75m) to reduce tree cutting (Reduced from 90000 to 14739 in Rajaji National Park)
Application of Multi circuit and Compact towers to reduce corridor requirement
Towards Green Environment
Total Forest involvement reduced from 6% to 2% after implementation of ESPP since 1998.
Timely project implementation without any rehabilitation and resettlement disputes.
9 - 25 mtr
50 mtr
4 - 5 mtr approx
2%
68%
28%
2%6%
64%
28%2%
Forest Agriculture Revenue land Others
Land Use Pattern Traversed
in 27,000 Ckt.kms (till 1998) in 21,000 ckt.kms (after 1998)
Technologies Being Undertaken
• +800kV, 6000MW HVDC system
• High Surge Impedance Loading Line(HSIL)
• 1200kV UHVAC System
• Reducing high short circuit level
• Intelligent Grid – Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Wide Area Monitoring (WAM), Self Healing, Adaptive
Islanding
1200kV UHVAC Test station for indigenous developmentCombined effort of manufacturers (19 nos.) and POWERGRID
POWERGRID’s investment about Rs. 100 crs.
1200kV Equipment like transformers, CB, disconnectors, Surge Arresters, CT, CVT etc. are being supplied
by manufacturers
Test station to be developed for HVDC
Leadership Position in Technology
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