Overview of Integrated Overview of Integrated Landscape Land Use Landscape Land Use

PlanningPlanning

Mike Chaveas, US Forest Service Mike Chaveas, US Forest Service International Programs International Programs

CARPE Inception WorkshopCARPE Inception WorkshopYaoundé, CameroonYaoundé, CameroonFebruary 8February 8thth, 2007, 2007

Overview of Integrated Landscape Overview of Integrated Landscape Land Use PlanningLand Use Planning

Evolution of the CARPE landscape Evolution of the CARPE landscape approachapproach

Reasons to Plan on Landscape scaleReasons to Plan on Landscape scale LUP in CARPE ContextLUP in CARPE Context Planning Concepts and ComponentsPlanning Concepts and Components ZoningZoning Landscape and Macro-Zone Planning Landscape and Macro-Zone Planning

GuidesGuides Role USFS Can PlayRole USFS Can Play

Evolution of the CARPE Landscape Evolution of the CARPE Landscape ApproachApproach

Desire to focus USAID conservation Desire to focus USAID conservation funding on priority regionsfunding on priority regions

Areas of concern or high importance Areas of concern or high importance chosen to work on larger scalechosen to work on larger scale

However, focus of activities still However, focus of activities still heavily on Protected Areas heavily on Protected Areas

USFS was asked to assist with USFS was asked to assist with planning processes at the landscape planning processes at the landscape scalescale

CARPE Results Framework:CARPE Results Framework:Reduce the rate of forest degradation Reduce the rate of forest degradation

and loss of biodiversity through and loss of biodiversity through increased local, national, and increased local, national, and

regional natural resource regional natural resource management capacity.management capacity.

Intermediate Result 1Intermediate Result 1• Natural resources managed sustainablyNatural resources managed sustainably

Ind 1: Number of landscapes and other focal Ind 1: Number of landscapes and other focal areas covered by integrated land use plansareas covered by integrated land use plans

Ind 2: Number of different use-zones (e.g., Ind 2: Number of different use-zones (e.g., parks & PAs; CBNRM areas; forestry parks & PAs; CBNRM areas; forestry concessions; plantations) within landscapes concessions; plantations) within landscapes with sustainable management planswith sustainable management plans

Manage ~90 million Hectares under a Multiple Manage ~90 million Hectares under a Multiple Use Mandate Use Mandate

Focus land use planning on landscape scale, Focus land use planning on landscape scale, working with local communities, conservation working with local communities, conservation organizations and industryorganizations and industry

Attempt to balance ecologic, social and Attempt to balance ecologic, social and economic needseconomic needs

Individual and agency experience in the Individual and agency experience in the region, Africa and the worldregion, Africa and the world

Why the USFS?Why the USFS?

Why Landscape Planning?Why Landscape Planning?• Address issues larger than any single protected Address issues larger than any single protected

areaarea• Assess broader, wide-ranging trends, Assess broader, wide-ranging trends,

influences, and impacts and identify the influences, and impacts and identify the appropriate management strategiesappropriate management strategies

• Considers ecological, social and economic Considers ecological, social and economic aspects of conservationaspects of conservation

Why Landscape Planning?Why Landscape Planning?

• Improve collaboration Improve collaboration between multiple between multiple management management authorities and other authorities and other partnerspartners

• Planning efficiency: Planning efficiency: planning cost/hectare planning cost/hectare and improved and improved prioritization of use of prioritization of use of limited resources. limited resources.

• Broaden stakeholder involvementBroaden stakeholder involvement

Why Landscape Planning Now?Why Landscape Planning Now? Concern timing is not appropriateConcern timing is not appropriate Management is Happening NowManagement is Happening Now

• Concessions being grantedConcessions being granted• Timber cut, oil and minerals extractedTimber cut, oil and minerals extracted• Bushmeat being huntedBushmeat being hunted• Land being cleared for agricultureLand being cleared for agriculture• Stakeholders not properly representedStakeholders not properly represented

Planning can improve this managementPlanning can improve this management Plan will not be perfect on first draft, but Plan will not be perfect on first draft, but

still usefulstill useful

What a Landscape Plan Is NotWhat a Landscape Plan Is Not

In CARPE context, not intended to In CARPE context, not intended to achieve formal government achieve formal government designation or have landscape designation or have landscape recognized as official unit of recognized as official unit of managementmanagement

What a Landscape Plan IsWhat a Landscape Plan Is Establishes Goals, Objectives, Establishes Goals, Objectives,

Responsibilities and PrioritiesResponsibilities and Priorities Defines:Defines:

• What you want the land to look like and what What you want the land to look like and what you want to get from it;you want to get from it;

• How you’ll work to get it that way; How you’ll work to get it that way; • Who will work get it that way; andWho will work get it that way; and• When they’d like to get it that way.When they’d like to get it that way.

Identifies knowledge gaps and fills Identifies knowledge gaps and fills knowledge gapsknowledge gaps

Monitoring tool for USAID/CARPE Monitoring tool for USAID/CARPE managementmanagement

Landscape Planning in the Landscape Planning in the CARPE ContextCARPE Context

Plans demonstrate how CARPE implementing partners:Plans demonstrate how CARPE implementing partners:• 1) assess and analyze issues, activities, resources and uses;1) assess and analyze issues, activities, resources and uses;• 2) identify current resource protection priorities and trends; 2) identify current resource protection priorities and trends; • 3) consult, collaborate, and integrate stakeholders; and 3) consult, collaborate, and integrate stakeholders; and • 4) focus management activities to achieve desired conditions.4) focus management activities to achieve desired conditions.

Plans serve as performance monitoring tools for CARPE Plans serve as performance monitoring tools for CARPE managementmanagement

Landscape Planning in the Landscape Planning in the CARPE ContextCARPE Context

CARPE implementing partners are not the CARPE implementing partners are not the land management authority, therefore to land management authority, therefore to be effective must:be effective must:• Form strong partnerships with government Form strong partnerships with government

agenciesagencies• Work through consensus of local communities Work through consensus of local communities

and other stakeholdersand other stakeholders• Form alliances with industryForm alliances with industry

Landscape Planning in the Landscape Planning in the CARPE ContextCARPE Context

CARPE landscape land use planning prioritizes CARPE landscape land use planning prioritizes three types of “macro-zones”: three types of “macro-zones”: • Protected Areas (PA), Protected Areas (PA), • Community Based Natural Resource Community Based Natural Resource

Management (CBNRM) zones, Management (CBNRM) zones, • Extractive Resource Extractive Resource

Zones (ERZ).Zones (ERZ). Macro-zone Macro-zone

management plans management plans incorporated into incorporated into overarching Integrated overarching Integrated Landscape Land Use PlanLandscape Land Use Plan

CARPE Land Use Planning Guides

Protected Area Plan(s)

CBNRM Plan(s) ERZ Plan(s)

Integrated Landscape Land Use Plan

• Landscape level plan sets broad goals, objectives,• Macro-zone plans deal with management details• USFS produced guides

- Target audience - Provides “Tasks” for completion• NGO approach will differ depending on presence of

formal authority

Key Planning ConceptsKey Planning Concepts Adaptive Management and PlanningAdaptive Management and Planning Perfect Information Does Not ExistPerfect Information Does Not Exist

• Planning helps identify critical gapsPlanning helps identify critical gaps Prioritization of the Use of Limited ResourcesPrioritization of the Use of Limited Resources Desired Condition PlanningDesired Condition Planning Simplify, simplify, simplifySimplify, simplify, simplify

Key Plan ComponentsKey Plan Components Desired ConditionsDesired Conditions ObjectivesObjectives Macro and Micro-Macro and Micro-

zoneszones GuidelinesGuidelines Implementation Implementation

SchedulesSchedules Monitoring and Monitoring and

Information Needs Information Needs AssessmentAssessment

Planning ConstantsPlanning Constants

Prioritizing use of ResourcesPrioritizing use of Resources Clearly articulating goalsClearly articulating goals Identifying and engaging Identifying and engaging

stakeholders stakeholders

ZoningZoning

Macro-Zones:Macro-Zones:• Delineated at Landscape planning levelDelineated at Landscape planning level

Often already established (PAs, legal Often already established (PAs, legal extraction concessions)extraction concessions)

Refined at Macro-zone planning levelRefined at Macro-zone planning level

• Macro-Zoning entire landscape?Macro-Zoning entire landscape? Micro-Zones:Micro-Zones:

• Delineated at level of PA, CBNRM and Delineated at level of PA, CBNRM and ERZ plansERZ plans

Integrated Landscape Integrated Landscape Land Use Planning GuideLand Use Planning Guide

Landscape is a CARPE construct Landscape is a CARPE construct Not intended to force recognition of Not intended to force recognition of

landscape by national governments landscape by national governments as a legal entityas a legal entity

Tool for implementing NGOs in Tool for implementing NGOs in planning their approach on planning their approach on landscapelandscape

Standardizes the processStandardizes the process Desired Conditions and Objectives Desired Conditions and Objectives

set broad goals for NGOs operations set broad goals for NGOs operations across macro-zones in landscape.across macro-zones in landscape.

Protected Area Planning GuideProtected Area Planning Guide Refining boundariesRefining boundaries Evaluating PA’s official status and Evaluating PA’s official status and

management capacity of Gov authoritymanagement capacity of Gov authority Describing Desired ConditionsDescribing Desired Conditions Identifying management Identifying management

Objectives to achieve Objectives to achieve

Desired ConditionsDesired Conditions Defining GuidelinesDefining Guidelines Micro-zoningMicro-zoning Monitoring and FeedbackMonitoring and Feedback

PA Planning Challenges and PA Planning Challenges and LessonsLessons

Hesitant to embrace adaptive Hesitant to embrace adaptive managementmanagement

People in parksPeople in parks Resource prioritization and Resource prioritization and

partnershipspartnerships Tendency toward large descriptive Tendency toward large descriptive

documentsdocuments

Micro-ZoningMicro-Zoning Different Different

management needs management needs and objectives in and objectives in different parts of different parts of macro-zonemacro-zone

Management actions Management actions should differ from should differ from rest of macro-zone rest of macro-zone to create a micro-to create a micro-zonezone

Entire macro-zone Entire macro-zone need not be micro-need not be micro-zonedzoned

Fewer micro-zones Fewer micro-zones is preferableis preferable

CBNRM Planning GuideCBNRM Planning Guide Assist in organization of communities to Assist in organization of communities to

help them manage their resources help them manage their resources Identifying “communities” and prioritizing Identifying “communities” and prioritizing

which to work withwhich to work with Ensuring full participation/representationEnsuring full participation/representation Desired Conditions/Objectives of the Desired Conditions/Objectives of the

community (may not community (may not match yours)match yours)

Micro-zoning based Micro-zoning based on needs of on needs of communitycommunity

GuidelinesGuidelines

ERZ Planning GuideERZ Planning Guide Not creating a operational management planNot creating a operational management plan What to look for in a responsible timber or What to look for in a responsible timber or

mining management planmining management plan Partnership opportunities. Role of NGO may Partnership opportunities. Role of NGO may

vary widely:vary widely:• Assist with wildlife/habitat safeguardsAssist with wildlife/habitat safeguards• Working with community stakeholdersWorking with community stakeholders• Wider ranging Wider ranging

environmental safeguardsenvironmental safeguards• Providing incentives for Providing incentives for

improved managementimproved management Plan to find your niche Plan to find your niche

in the ERZin the ERZ

How The USFS Can AssistHow The USFS Can Assist

GuidesGuides Technical assistance on planning as a Technical assistance on planning as a

whole or components of plans as whole or components of plans as process moves forwardprocess moves forward

Government to Government relationsGovernment to Government relations

Thank you for Thank you for your attention!your attention!

Questions / Questions / DiscussionDiscussion