the ENERGY lab
18 Aug 2015
Richard Hammack, Monitoring Team LeadUSDOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
Overview of NETL Field Studies Related to Oil and Gas Production
DOE Tribal Leaders ForumDenver, Colorado
Newfield Exploration, Bakken Petroleum System, North Dakota
• Reduce Environmental Impacts • Demonstrate Safe/Reliable Operations• Improve Efficiency of Hydraulic Fracturing
Program Objectives
• Surface Monitoring– Ambient Air Quality– Air Emissions– Ground Motion– Surface Water
• Near-Surface Monitoring– Spills and Leaks– Well-Bore Integrity– Abandoned Wells
• Sub-Surface Monitoring– Fracture Growth– Fluid/Gas Migration
Monitoring of Oil and Gas OperationsAir QualityMethane EmissionsSpills and Leaks
Fracture Growth
Surface Monitoring- Air QualityAmbient Air Monitoring Laboratory
Measures air contaminants relevant to oil and gas exploration and production
• VOC's• CH4 and CO2 w/isotope
speciation• Ozone• NOx (NO, NO2 and NO+NO2)• Organic/Elemental Carbon in
Aerosols• Ammonia• Radon• PM2.5 and PM10
• SO2
• Meteorological station
Surface Monitoring- Air EmissionsMethane Emissions
– Unconventional Well Development• Drilling• Hydraulic Fracturing• Flowback• Production
– Abandoned Wells– Compressors– Pipelines
• Gathering• Transmission
Surface Monitoring- Ground MotionGround Motion - Hydraulic Fracturing
1. Surface above Marcellus Wells2. Underground Document Repository
Surface Monitoring- Ground Motion
Surface Monitoring- Ground Motion
Surface Monitoring- Ground MotionGround Motion - Hydraulic Fracturing
1. Surface above Marcellus Wells2. Underground Document Repository
Guidelines m/s
Human Sensitivity 2.5E-03
Building Safety 5.0E-01
Observed Events
BHE Vel(m/s)
BHN Vel(m/s)
BHZ Vel(m/s)
Peak Velocity
m/s
5.00E-06 2.00E-05 2.00E-06 2.07E-05
3.00E-06 2.00E-06 2.00E-06 4.12E-06
2.00E-06 2.00E-06 2.00E-06 3.46E-06
Surface Monitoring- Water QualitySurface Water
1. Water Quality2. Water Quantity3. Erosion and Sedimentation
Near-Surface MonitoringSpills and Leaks
1. Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys2. Ground Electromagnetic Surveys
Near-Surface MonitoringSpills and Leaks
1. Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys2. Ground Electromagnetic Surveys3. Groundwater Monitoring
Near-Surface MonitoringSpills and Leaks
1. Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys2. Ground Electromagnetic Surveys3. Groundwater Monitoring
Near-Surface Monitoring
Wellbore Integrity1. Man-Made Tracers
Near-Surface MonitoringLocating Abandoned Wells
1. Airborne Magnetic Surveys2. Ground Magnetic Surveys
Sub-Surface MonitoringFracture Growth
1. Microseismic Monitoring2. Cross-Well Seismic Tomography
Sub-Surface MonitoringFracture Growth
1. Microseismic Monitoring2. Cross-Well Seismic Tomography
Cross-Well Seismic Tomography
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Sub-Surface MonitoringFluid/Gas Migration
1. Pressure/Production History2. Natural Gas Isotopes3. Produced Water Isotopes4. Man-Made Tracers
Sub-Surface MonitoringFluid/Gas Migration
1. Pressure/Production History2. Natural Gas Isotopes3. Produced Water Isotopes4. Man-Made Tracers
Sub-Surface MonitoringFluid/Gas Migration
1. Pressure/Production History2. Natural Gas Isotopes3. Produced Water Isotopes4. Man-Made Tracers
Sub-Surface MonitoringFluid/Gas Migration
1. Pressure/Production History2. Natural Gas Isotopes3. Produced Water Isotopes4. Man-Made Tracers
Sub-Surface MonitoringFluid/Gas Migration
1. Pressure/Production History2. Natural Gas Isotopes3. Produced Water Isotopes4. Man-Made Tracers
Sub-Surface MonitoringFluid/Gas Migration
1. Pressure/Production History2. Natural Gas Isotopes3. Produced Water Isotopes4. Man-Made Tracers
Richard W. HammackOffice of Research and DevelopmentNational Energy Technology LaboratoryPO Box 10970Pittsburgh, PA 15236Phone: 412 386-6585Mobile: 412 337-8655Email: [email protected]
