Overview of Network Management

Outline

Describe responsibilities of a network manager Define network management vocabulary Discuss network management principles Provide an example of network management

implementation Identify new network management approaches The evolution of network management

Common Network Problems

Loss of connectivity (Link, Node, Interface) Duplicate IP address (Procedural) Intermittent (間歇的 ) problems Network configuration issues Performance problems

Network Management (NM)

Goal To ensure that network users receive IT services with the quality of service

(QoS) that they expect Maintenance

Network performance Failures (hardware and software) Network capacity Security

Certifications CAN (Novell’s Certified Netware Administrator) MCP (Microsoft’s Certified Professional) CNE (Novell’s Certified Netware Engineer) MCSE (Microsoft Certified System Engineer)

Top-down View of NM functionsNetwork

Management

NetworkProvisioning

Network Operations

NetworkMaintenance

Planning

Design

Fault Management

Trouble Ticket

Administration

Network Installation

Network Repairs

Facilities Installation

& Maintenance

Routine Network

Tests

Fault Management / Service Restoration

Configuration Management

Performance Management / Traffic Management

Security Management

Accounting Management

Reports Management

Inventory Management

Data Gathering & Analyses

Figure 1.21 Network Management Functional Groupings

Network-Based Management

SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol (RFC1157)

MIBs: Management Information Base NMS: Network management system RMON1: Remote Monitor (RMON1) RFCs: Request for Comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force

Network Management Vocabulary Network Management System (NMS)

Consisting of applications

Management Station Managing device - management software (NMS)

Management Agent Managed device – computer, hub, router, or switch

Management Agent Management Station

NMS

Network Management Vocabulary (cont.)

Mgmt (Management) process Service management application

programs Provide an interface to the network

management protocol, e.g, SNMP Agent process

An integrator of processes that access information requested by a network management application

An interface to the network management protocol

Collect the values of a specified set of variables when a request is made by the Management Station

The virtual store of such values is called the Management Information Base (MIB), actually maintained by the managed device

Transport

Presentation

Data Link

Session

Network

Physical

AgentProcess

AgentProtocol

Management Agent

Figure 2-2: Protocol Stacks on the Management Station and the Management Agent

Presentation

Transport

Data Link

Session

Network

Physical

MgmtProcess

MgmtProtocol

Management Station

MgmtApp

A Network Management Example The management application calls for the service of the management process The management process calls the program that implements the network management

protocol, e.g., SNMP The network management protocol implementation constructs a request packet, which

is sent to the management agent The implementation of the network management protocol on the management agent

causes the request packet to be passed to the agent process The agent process accesses the value of the requested variable and passes it to the

implementation of the network management protocol The network management protocol constructs the response packet, which is sent to the

management station The implementation of the network management protocol at the management station

receives the response packet and passes it to the management process The management process either passes the value to the application program, or stores

it in memory for later retrieval

Network Management Vocabulary (cont.) Trap

The management agent send unsolicited messages to the management station

E.g., a device goes from powered-up to the powered-down state

Probe (remote monitors, RMON) Monitor traffic on the network segment, not a

particular device The management agent thus is remote from the

devices it is monitoring

Evolution of Network Management

DATE EVENT REFERENCE

1968 ARPA funds development of packet switching networks

1.     RFC 1120 Internet Activities Board. V. Cerf. Sep-01-1989. (Obsoleted by RFC 1160) 2.     RFC 1160 Internet Activities Board. V. Cerf. May-01-1990. (Obsoletes RFC 1120)

1974 TCP/IP concept proposed Cerf V., and R. Kahn, "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection", IEEE Trans. on Communications, Vol. COM-22, No. 5, pp. 637-648, May 1974. [Ref 26]

1976 Ethernet Developed Metcalfe, R., and D. Boggs, "Ethernet: Distributed Packet for Local Computer Networks", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 395-404, July 1976.

1978 OSI Reference Model Development Initiated  

1983 OSI Reference Model becomes international standard ISO/IEC 7498 (CCITT X.200) [Ref 1]

1987 SGMP development startedASN.1 developed

[Ref 24]ISO 8824, Parts 1-4

Evolution of Network Management (cont.)

1988 IAB initiates study of SGMP and CMIPSNMPv1 becomes Interim Draft StandardSNMPv1 becomes Draft StandardIAB initiates development of Internet Standard Network Management Framework (SMI)Draft Standard MIB I developed

 Interim RFC 1028 (SNMPv1) Draft RFC 1098 (SNMPv1) Draft RFC 1065 (SMI)Draft RFC 1066 (MIB I) [Ref 10]

1989 CMOT approach abandonedSNMP becomes the defacto standard for TCP/IP management

 

1990 SMI becomes Recommended StandardSNMPv1 becomes Recommended StandardMIB I becomes Recommended Standard

RFC 1155 (SMI)RFC 1157 (SNMP) [Ref 3]RFC 1156 (MIB I) [Ref 11]

1991 MIB IIRMON1

RFC 1213 (MIB II)RFC 1271 (RMON I) [Ref 12]

Evolution of Network Management (cont.)

1993 SNMPv2 Proposed SNMPv2 SecuritySNMPv2 MIBSNMPv2 SMI

RFC 1441(SNMPv2 Management FrameworkRFC 1446(SNMPv2 Security ProtocolsRFC 1450 (SNMPv2 MIB)RFC 1442 SNMPv2 Structure of Management Information

1995 RMON I RFC 1757 [Ref 13]

1997 RMON II RFC2021

1998 Desktop Management Interface (DMI) Specification v 2.0s Web-based Management Initiative

1.        http://www.dmtf.org/sped/dmis2.        Network Computing, Feb 2001, p57 http://www.dmtf.org/standards/standard_wbem.php

1999 SNMPv2 Management FrameworksSNMPv3 Security

RFC 2571RFC 2574 (User-based Security Model)

2002 SNMP Management FrameworksSNMPv3 Security SNMP VACM SNMP MIB

RFC 3411, STD 62RFC 3414 (User-based Security Model), STD 62RFC 3415 (View-based Access Control Model), STD 62RFC 3418, STD 62

 

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Packet Switching(ARPA)

TCP/IP

Ethernet

OSIReference

ModelDevelopment

SGMP

SGMP & CMIP SNMPv1 SMI MIB1

MIB 2

RMON 1SNMPv2SNMPv2 MIB

RMON 2

SNMPv3

DMI

WebBasedMgmt

CMOT

Evolution of Network Management Technologies