Overview of SharePoint 2010 Architecture

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Overview of SharePoint 2010 Architecture

Learning Objectives

After completing this topic, you should be able to

classify the elements of SharePoint 2010 Server architecture as either logical or physical identify the roles of SharePoint servers match the SharePoint 2010 server farm topologies to their descriptions

1. SharePoint Server architecture

SharePoint Server 2010 is a portal solution that provides a platform for hosting web sites, storingdata, and managing resources. It offers a wide range of features.

To use these features, you must first install SharePoint. For a successful installation, you need toanalyze and plan your implementation keeping the SharePoint architecture in mind. Thearchitecture gives you an option of scaling up hardware and software with changing businessneeds.

The SharePoint Server architecture is made up of many elements, which is broadly classified intotwo types:

physical architecture andThe physical architecture includes the actual hardware required to set up SharePoint

2010, without which you cannot proceed with the installation.

To begin with, you need to install the SharePoint server and the database server. Thenumber of servers or computers you need for this installation depends on the number ofusers that use the SharePoint setup. You can arrange servers in groups to maximizeperformance and manage large infrastructures and quantities of data. Such groups formdifferent topologies of the SharePoint farm.

logical architectureThe logical architecture is a collection of elements designed within the physicalarchitecture.

Each element is designed for a specific purpose. Some elements are at a higher level thanothers, and so contain other elements. You can only design the logical architecture afteryour physical architecture is established.

There are two elements in the physical architecture.

They are


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server and farm

The server and farm elements are closely related to each other because one or more servers makeup a farm. So a server is the basic element of the physical architecture and the farm.

Graphic

The Physical architecture contains two boxes, one labeled Farm = Configuration Database andthe other Server.

The farm contains a single SharePoint server. This is because it needs to adhere to the SharePointrule that each farm can only have one configuration database. The size of a farm can range froma single server to a group of servers organized in a single setup. If the farm consists of a group ofservers, all of them are managed by the Central Administration web site. This site allows you to

configure settings and is integral to the running of the SharePoint Server.

Besides increasing the number of servers in a server farm, you can also increase the number ofserver farms. But this may depend on the specific requirements of your project.

The number of server farms you use depends on several criteria:

using services that need exclusive allocation of server farms extensively assigning server farms to specific operations allocating limited funds for server farms allocating a data center location for each server farm making physical isolationa feature offered by server farmsmandatory meeting standards and requirements for performance or external environment, and modifying goals and requirements, if required

Just like the physical architecture, the logical architecture also contains a number of differentelements.

They are

Graphic

The Logical architecture contains nine boxes in two columns. One column contains three boxeslabeled Services, Service Applications, and Service Application Databases. The other column


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contains six boxes labeled Web Applications, Content Database, Site Collections, Webs, Lists,and Items.

services service applications service application databases web applications content databases site collections, and sites

The first element in the logical architecture is services. Services are the actual functionalities orprocesses that are performed on servers. Unlike earlier versions, SharePoint Server 2010 hostsservices in Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010 instead of Shared Services Provider, alsoknown as SSP.

The elements that provide these services are called service applications, which are the nextlogical element in the architecture. They act as a connecting link between users and services.

SharePoint for example, provides a discussion service that allows users to communicate over theSharePoint site. To access this service, users need to use a service application called thediscussion board, which allows them to initiate a discussion by posting a query on the site. Other

users can reply to this query and continue or complete the discussion.

Service applications can be deployed in different ways. A single service application can be usedat two levels, across sites in a farm, and across server farms in a group.

Service applications have a many-to-many relationship with web applications. So many serviceapplications can service a single web application or a single service application can service manyweb applications. Sharing service applications across farms or web applications becomes easierbecause there is no limitation on the number of service applications that can be used.

Graphic

The Service Applications and Web Applications boxes in the SharePoint architecture, areconnected by a Many to many double-headed arrow.

Sometimes, depending on the kind of service they provide, service applications may containlarge amounts of data. And to store such large amounts of data, service applications needdatabases called service application databasesthe next logical architecture element.


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For example, if you allow file attachment as an option along with a discussion service, then thecorresponding discussion board service application will require a database to store thesedocuments.

Question

Match each element of SharePoint 2010 Server architecture with the type of architecture itbelongs to. You may use each type of architecture more than once.

Options:

1. Services2. Farm3. Service application databases4. Service applications

Targets:

1. Physical2. Logical

Answer

The physical architecture includes the actual hardware required to set up SharePoint 2010,without which you cannot proceed with the installation.

Logical architecture is a collection of elements designed within the physical architecture. Each

element is designed for a purpose.

Correct answer(s):

Target 1 = Option B

Target 2 = Option A, Option C, Option D

Web applications are the next logical architecture element after service application databases.They are the front-end web sites that users access. They act as a connecting link between theusers and elements such as services, service applications, and service application databases.

Because of the connection between important data and external users, web applications need tobe protected. SharePoint Server 2010 enables you to protect web applications with securitypolicies, which are usually based on the nature of users. For example, you can allow onlyadministrators to modify configuration settings. This restriction of access helps to isolate webapplications as well as service applications. It also helps to manage a large group of users.


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Due to their many-to-many relationship with service applications, many web applications canshare a single service application and vice versa. Also, there is no restriction on the number ofweb applications that can be used.

Just like service applications, web applications also need to store information in databases called

content databasesanother element of logical architecture.

Content databases are created in two ways:

automatic creation when a corresponding web application is created and manual creation while scaling up

To ensure that manual creation doesn't affect site performance, you shouldn't deploy more than100 content databases for each web application.

In addition to the restriction on the number of content databases, the size of each contentdatabase is also limited. This size limit is decided by another element of the logical architecturesite collections.

Site collections are present in a single content database. Because they determine the limit of acontent database, site collections cannot be shared by multiple content databases and cannot bemore than 50,000 in number for a single content database. They help to monitor the judicious useof content databases.

In addition to limiting the size of the content database, site collections also host the mostfundamental element of the logical architecturesites. Sites are made up of web pages, lists, andother documents that are related to the content database. The maximum number of sites that canbe hosted in a site collection is 250,000.

Question

Match each element of SharePoint 2010 Server architecture with the type of architecture itbelongs to. You may use each type of architecture more than once.

Options:

1. Web applications2.

Sites and site collections3. Server

4. Content databasesTargets:

1. Physical2. Logical


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number of application pools processing requestsPage 3 of 3: Web server

For example, if you're designing a web server for a discussion forum service. Then the disk

space required for its basic function of retrieving discussion thread pages will take only 10 GB.Besides this, 20 GB will be required to install updates or security patches, run other processes,and store temporary files.

After you consider this, you identify five application pools you will be using for faster retrievalof pages. Each application pool needs to be around 10 GB. So the total disk space you shouldallocate for the web server is around 80 GB or more.

Page 1 of 5: Application server

In the application server role, a server hosts the resources that service applications need to

provide services. Users indirectly access application servers through other servers. For example,users using an Excel service application access the related application server through the webserver that stores the service application.

The number of application servers you can use depends on the types of service applications andthe frequency of its use. So you can host the service application resources on a single applicationserver or a group of application servers.

By determining the correct number of application servers and their sizes, you can achieveeffective performance. This can often be better achieved with multiple application serversinstead of a single high spec server. You can also use an application server exclusively for a

service, check resource utilization after deployment, and sort services with similarcharacteristics.


You can set up each application server to perform a specific function. There are four commonfunctions and based on them, there can be four types of application servers:

query server index server Excel services service application, and Usage and Health Data Collection service application



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The query server plays an important role in the search function of a SharePoint web site. Itprocesses search requests created by users. However, users don't directly access query servers.So web servers assist in processing requests.

First a web server receives requests from users and forwards these requests to the query server.

Then, based on the request, the query server retrieves the appropriate information. It sends theinformation back to the web server, which then presents it to the user in the form of searchresults.

Hardware requirements for this process include CPU, cache memory, and RAM to store queryrequests. You should optimize these requirements depending on the size of the environment.


An index server helps in indexing information that improves data retrieval. Unlike query servers,it doesn't store any information locally, but relies heavily on the CPU. So while dealing with

hardware requirements for this server, you may have to focus on extra CPU space rather thanadditional memory.

The Excel services functionality is a service application that performs tasks related to MicrosoftExcel. Common tasks include transferring Excel spreadsheets from the web page to the server.

Due to such tasks, service applications like Excel services and other MS Office serviceapplications have a lot of CPU load. So while planning hardware requirements consider the CPUload. However, because this functionality is quite program-specific, plan for it only afterensuring a high demand and sustenance.


The Usage and Health Data Collection service application helps to create a database that isuseful in reporting. This database contains data about the entire SharePoint site, which providesusage statistics such as how long each process or task has run for, or how many users use theprocess. Sometimes, it also contains data that might help in diagnosing or troubleshooting issues.

Because this service application contains so much data, it ends up having a large database. As aresult, it needs a lot of storage capacity, which you need to consider while planning the serverfarm.

Page 1 of 3: Database server

The database server role is required to host databases for SharePoint. The number of servers usedin this role depends on the size of the farm used. In a small farm, all databases can be stored on asingle server. But in larger farms, you will need to group databases based on roles and store themon different servers.


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For example, you can store databases that contain user information on one server, and databasesthat contain activity logs process records on another.

In SharePoint, SQL Server is used to store these databases. However, maintaining SQL Serverperformance is a challenge. You can overcome this challenge by taking certain factors into

account.


There are seven factors that you need to consider to maintain an efficient SQL Serverperformance:

ensure that the SQL Server version matches with SharePoint requirements consider a range of 8-32 GB of RAM for normal to heavily used environments use single or multiple quad-core processors consider the amount and shape of data you plan to store in SharePoint plan the spindles your SQL Server can access and their configuration store data and log files on different disks, and optimize log files for writing and databases for storage


SQL servers can be grouped based on the three types of databases they hosttemporary, search,and content databases. To optimize these types for better performance, you must first optimizetemporary databases and then the other databases depending on their size and impact onperformance.

The performance of the database server also depends on its hardware. So ensure that you use amemory ranging from 8-32 GB and a single or multiple quad-core processor depending on theusage.

The different server roles can be deployed in different ways depending on the purpose andrequirements of your SharePoint 2010 installation. You can deploy them on different servers in a

large farm, or on a single server in a small farm.

You can use a single server to deploy a web server, a database server, and application serverslike query and index server.

Question

Match each application server type with its description.


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Options:

1. Usage and Health Data Collection2. Excel services3. Index server4.

Query server

Targets:

1. A service application that creates a database and helps with reporting2. A service application that transfers operations from a web page to the server and

generates a large CPU load3. An application server type that doesn't need extra memory and improves data retrieval4. An application server type that plays an important role in the search function

Answer

The Usage and Health Data Collection service application helps to create a database containingthe SharePoint data that indicates usage and diagnostic characteristics.

The Excel services functionality performs tasks related to Microsoft Excel, like transferringExcel spreadsheets from the web page to the server. So they generate a lot of CPU load.

An index server helps in indexing information that improves data retrieval. It doesn't store anyinformation locally but relies heavily on the CPU.

The query server processes user search requests. Web servers send user requests to query servers,

which in turn return the required information to the web server.

Correct answer(s):

Target 1 = Option A

Target 2 = Option B

Target 3 = Option C

Target 4 = Option D

Question

Match each SharePoint Server role to its description.

Options:

1. Web server


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2. Application server3. Database server

Targets:

1.

A server role that reduces CPU load because their databases stores content in cachememory2. A server role that stores resources needed for service applications3. A server role that uses SQL Server to store information

Answer

The web server role helps servers to use content, such as web pages and services, related to theweb in cache memory. The memory considerations depend on the memory space required forother operations and the number of application pools processing requests. So the CPU load isreduced.

Service applications use the resources stored on the application server to provide the requiredservices.

The database server role helps store databases using SQL Server, and the number of servers usedin this role depends on the size of the farm used.

Correct answer(s):

Target 1 = Option A

Target 2 = Option B

Target 3 = Option C

3. Topologies of SharePoint Server

When a server farm is small, it is easy to manage because the number of resources involved islow. But when you start scaling up your farm to meet increasing demands and changing businessneeds, maintaining it with the same ease becomes a challenge.

So after understanding the architecture elements and roles of servers, it is important to decide on

the structure that runs the SharePoint site. This structure helps manage larger farms with thesame ease as small farms and enables you to scale up in future.

The structure, known as the topology, uses the two basic elements of the SharePoint physicalarchitectureservers and farms. So based on your topology, you can decide the number ofservers and the extent of the farm. In addition to servers and farms, a topology is also influencedby the roles of the servers. Using these server roles, the farm is deployed at different levels calledtiers, which leads to different topologies.


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The three types of topologies that you can use to deploy SharePoint Server are

single tierA single-tier topology means installing SharePoint Server and the database server on thesame computer. This kind of topology is used when you are limited to using only one

computer.two tier, andA two-tier topology includes two computers, one with SharePoint Server installed on itand the other with the database server installed. In this topology, the SharePoint Serverperforms the role of a web server. And because users directly connect to a web server, itis called the front-end server, whereas the database server is called the back-end server.This kind of topology is used for managing small server farms.

three tierA three-tier topology includes three computers for the three server rolesweb server,database server, and application server, which are installed on the first, second, and thirdtiers respectively. SharePoint Server is installed on the web server, whereas the other two

store database and service application resources. A three-tier topology is used formanaging medium and large server farms.

While designing farms, you can either use a single topology type or different combinations of thethree types.

Based on the combinations of tiers used, the topologies are divided into four categories:

limited deployments small-farm architecture medium-farm architecture, and large-farm architecture

Limited deployments are combinations of topologies that contain a small number of servers forlimited users. They are usually used for evaluating an environment or demonstrating a selecteddesign.

Depending on the number of users, and the number of servers, there are two types of limiteddeployments:

single-server farm andIn a single-server farm, the web server role and the database server role are deployed on asingle server. The application server can be added to this structure later, if required. Sucha set up is typically only used for evaluation purposes for less than 100 users.

two-server farmIn a two-server farm, the web server and the application server roles are deployed on oneserver, whereas the database server role is separately installed on a SQL Server. About10,000 users can access this farm. You can also bring down the number of users to 1000


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to ensure high availability. Besides managing users, you can also use two clustered ormirrored databases for high availability.

A small-farm architecture serves more users than the limited deployment. A typical small farmconsists of at least three servers with a network load-balancing device. The load-balancing

device prevents simultaneous outage of web servers if there is a fault, and thereby provides morefault tolerance.

This architecture may deploy more than three servers at different levels as required. And if someof these tiers are used extensively, then they can be scaled out to accommodate the requirement.

A medium-farm architecture, on the other hand, has at least two computers for performing eachof the three rolesweb server, application server, and database server. This type of architectureis useful for a strong search application, in which there may be more than 40 million items to besearched. Just like a small-farm architecture, it can also use tiers or levels in its deployments. Butunlike the small-farm architecture, it doesn't limit scaling out to heavily-used tiers. Instead, it

scales out all tiers to cater to a broader range of services.

Finally, a large-farm architecture is a variation of the medium-farm architecture that generallycontains groups of servers. The servers can be grouped based on different functionalities.

For example, you can group web servers that process search requests and another group thatprovides administration. Similarly, you can group query application servers that respond tosearch requests and others that perform indexing.

Question

Match each category of server topology to its description.

Options:

1. Single server2. Two server3. Large farm4. Medium farm

Targets:

1.

A farm in which the web server role and the database server role are deployed on thesame computer2. A farm in which the web server and the application server roles are on one server, and the

database server role is on a separate SQL Server3. A farm that contains servers grouped on the basis of different functionalities4. A farm with two servers for each type of role that can search 40 million items

Answer


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In a single-server farm, the web server role and database server role are deployed on a singleserver. The application server can be added to this structure later, if required.

In a two-server farm, the web server and application server roles are deployed on one server,whereas the database server role is separately installed on an SQL Server.

A large-farm architecture is a variation of the medium-farm architecture that generally containsgroups of servers based on different functionalities.

A medium-farm architecture has at least two servers performing each of the web server,application server, and database server roles. This type of architecture is useful for a strongsearch application, where there may be more than 40 million items to be searched.

Correct answer(s):

Target 1 = Option A

Target 2 = Option B

Target 3 = Option C

Target 4 = Option D

Summary

SharePoint Server 2010 has both a physical and a logical architecture. Each type of architectureis made up of different elements such as server farms, services, service applications, service

application databases, web applications, content databases, site collections, and sites.

Serversthe most fundamental elementcan take up three roles based on the functionalitiesthey provide. A web server that renders web pages and receives user requests. An applicationserver that stores service application resources, and a database server that stores databases.

These server roles form a basis for the topology of SharePointa structure that runs theSharePoint site. The topology of the SharePoint Server can be deployed in one-tier, two-tier, andthree-tier arrangements with one, two, and three servers respectively hosting the different serverroles. A combination of different topologies results in different categories, such as limiteddeployments, small-farm architectures, medium-farm architectures, and large-farm architectures.

So with the help of server roles, topologies, and categories of topologies, you can choose the bestsetup to provide a hassle-free SharePoint experience.

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SharePoint 2010 Products and Requirements

Learning Objectives


distinguish between products of SharePoint 2010 recognize basic system requirements for SharePoint 2010

1. SharePoint 2010 products

In SharePoint 2007, there were two main products called Windows SharePoint Service,commonly known as WSS 3.0, and Microsoft Office SharePoint Server, sometimes known asMOSS. In this version, MOSS was implemented on WSS.

The new version of SharePoint also works in a similar way, with two distinct products, one builton the other. WSS is now called SharePoint Foundation, and MOSS is known as SharePointServer 2010.

SharePoint Foundation includes many features that WSS had earlier and is an economicalversion of SharePoint. It allows you to add public communication tools, such as blogs and wikis.Users can use these tools to create and edit their own content as well as content added by others.You can also keep your users updated with news and events by using features such as RSS feedsand alerts.

Besides providing content organization and alert functionality, SharePoint Foundation allowsyou to customize your site and modify settings by using the browser. It also allows you to createdifferent types of sites such as team sites. After creating team sites and the lists and librarieswithin it, you can also interlink the content in these elements.

From a development perspective, SharePoint Foundation provides many features:

a platform for building applications or sites a combination of storage, web presentation, authorization, and user management features an interface into the Windows Workflow Foundation easy accessibility through the object model, APIs, and web services, and development of an entire solution instead of separate development of each infrastructure

element


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After SharePoint Foundation, the next basic product is SharePoint Server 2010. This productadds functionalities to SharePoint Foundation that help you to better collaborate content andtasks. The additional tools simplify placing, structuring, and displaying content in a portal.

It also has additional tools that provide web content management features to create web

interfaces that users can interact with.

SharePoint Server 2010 is available in two editions. They are

SharePoint Server 2010 Standard andThe Standard edition of SharePoint Server 2010 provides three basic functions as part ofthe SharePoint package. The first function includes features that enhance the social aspectof users, such as asynchronous discussion boards, e-mail alerts, and creating andmodifying a contacts list.

It also provides search functionalitythe second functionthat allows users to search

for another user or a resource. The third basic function is managing the content andresources stored on the site. It allows you to upload, download, and edit files on the sitewith the appropriate rights.

SharePoint Server 2010 EnterpriseThe Enterprise edition of SharePoint Server 2010 mainly provides additionalfunctionalities. It provides business intelligence that helps in identifying, retrieving, andanalyzing business data.

It helps in integrating the line of business into the Enterprise portal, which gathers allservices in a single location. It also provides new service applications, reporting features,and some Office client services, such as Visio.

The Standard and Enterprise editions of SharePoint Server 2010 in your architecture areprovided through the client access license or CAL model.

In this model, the license key determines whether you can use only the Standard edition or boththe Standard and the Enterprise editions. The CAL model is specific to a user accessing theSharePoint site. However, you must also contact your license vendor for more details on CALand the editions you can use.

Apart from the basic products, the new version of SharePoint also offers some additionalproducts. You can select them based on your requirements.

The three additional products are

Search Server 2010 Fast Search 2010, and SharePoint Online


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The additional products help resolve potential difficulties or problems. One of them is thevastness of data in the SharePoint site, which makes manually searching through data a difficulttask. So a search feature that saves time is necessary. Although SharePoint Foundation cansearch within a site collection, it cannot search across many site collections and add external datasources.

To overcome this limitation, SharePoint has introduced a search-oriented product called theSearch Server 2010.

There are two versions of the Search Server product. They are

Search Server 2010 Express andSearch Server 2010 Express is a free product that allows you to search across the site andadd content from external sources. Also known as SSX, this product has two limitations.Firstly, it doesn't provide good availability and has low fault tolerance. Secondly, it canonly be installed on one server in a farm, because it doesn't have multiple-server

installation support.Search Server 2010Search Server 2010 is a product that needs to be purchased and provides searchcapabilities, content addition features, high availability, and fault tolerance. UnlikeSearch Server 2010 Express, it can be deployed on many servers and at the same timeprovide redundancy.

Fast Search Server 2010 is another product that provides search functionality through its high-end tools and features. It allows you to communicate in a language of your choice, scale usabilitywith increasing documents, and manage structured and unstructured data.

There are three licenses available for the Fast Search Server 2010 product:

Fast Search Server 2010 for SharePointYou can use the Fast Search Server 2010 for SharePoint license for internal networks. Itis deployed along with Server Enterprise CAL.

Fast Search Server 2010 for Internet Sites, andThe Fast Search Server 2010 for Internet Sites license is used while communicating withexternal web sites. It is open to everyone and is aligned with the For Internet Sites, FISfor short, license.

Fast Search Server 2010 for Internet BusinessThe Fast Search Server 2010 for Internet Business license is used for customized publicweb sites, but not aligned with SharePoint.

Of the three licenses for Fast Search Server 2010, Fast Search Server 2010 for SharePoint andFast Search Server 2010 for Internet Sites are completely integrated into the SharePoint platform.

With the object model and a management interface, the Fast Search Server 2010 productperforms search just like the normal SharePoint Server Search. So users already know how to usethese products. It also has Windows PowerShell cmdlets that can be used in automation scripts.


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The third additional product that SharePoint offers is SharePoint Online, which automates youradministrative chores and maintains the server infrastructure for you. It also provides a licensingoption called deskless worker, which grants users read-only access. This option allowseconomical addition of users and protects your resources and data from accidental or unwantedwriting.

To provide these features and options, SharePoint Online uses two models that use differentapproaches.

The two models that SharePoint Online uses are

shared andThe shared model shares a farm for out-of-the-box uses. However, it doesn't allow you toimplement server-deployed code and customizations.

dedicatedThe dedicated model does not share a farm, but uses a whole farm for maintenance, in

which licenses are bought for each user. It allows you to customize server settings ordesign.

However, every customization must be checked by Microsoft, which you need to send ina solution package before being deployed.

Apart from the version of SharePoint Online that provides the deskless worker option, there isanother version of this product that allows you to host partner collaboration sites and public-facing Internet sites.

Question

Match each SharePoint product to its function.

Options:

1. SharePoint Foundation2. SharePoint Server 2010 Standard3. SharePoint Server 2010 Enterprise4. Search Server 20105. Fast Search Server 20106. SharePoint Online

Targets:

1. Allows customization of settings and creation of team sites2. Allows content and resource management using appropriate rights3. Integrates the line of business into the portal4. Provides search capabilities and content addition among other features5. Provides high-end search tools and many language options


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6. Automates administrative chores and maintains the infrastructureAnswer

SharePoint Foundation is an economical version of SharePont that allows you to customize

settings, create team sites, and interlink the lists and libraries within the site.

SharePoint Server 2010 Standard builds social communication with other users over theSharePoint site, through blogs and wikis. You can also manage content, because it allows you toupload, download, and edit files on the site with appropriate rights.

SharePoint Server 2010 Enterprise provides new service applications and business intelligence. Itcombines the line of business with the Enterprise portal and gathers all services in one location.

Search Server 2010 can be deployed on many servers at the same time to provide redundancy. Itprovides high availability and fault tolerance.

Fast Search Server 2010 helps you to search data with high-end search tools. It also allows youto communicate in multiple languages and manage data.

SharePoint Online maintains the server infrastructure for you. It provides a deskless workeroption that provides read-only access to users.

Correct answer(s):

Target 1 = Option A

Target 2 = Option B

Target 3 = Option C

Target 4 = Option D

Target 5 = Option E

Target 6 = Option F

2. System requirements for SharePoint 2010

Understanding the features of the different SharePoint products allows you to select themaccording to your requirements. But for them to function properly, there are some basicrequirements that your system must meet. For example, if you decide to use Search Server 2010,you need servers that will optimize search and software that will support the product.

Besides being affected by products, system requirements are also influenced by the kind oftopology and farm you wish to deploy. So to deploy a small farm with a two-tier topology, you


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will need two computers, one to host the SharePoint Server and another to host the databaseserver. You may also need software that helps the database server to function efficiently.

System requirements for SharePoint can be broadly classified into

hardware requirements andBasic hardware requirements include the processor type, hard disk space, and RAM ofthe computer. In other cases based on specific requirements, such as a three tier topology,you may require a hardware network load balancer.

software requirementsBasic software requirements include specific products, such as SharePoint Server 2010Standard or Enterprise edition, and its related version or service pack. You may also needto find out if your current operating system and browsers support the product you'reinstalling.

Hardware requirements for SharePoint 2010 depend on the three roles a server could take up in a

farm:

web server application server, and database server

Hardware requirements for the web server and application server roles are similar, and theserequirements apply to both single-server and multiple-server farms.

Both the roles need a 64-bit, four core processor and an 80 GB hard drive. If the server is usedfor a production environment, you need to monitor the free space on the drive to ensure efficientoperation. The free space should ideally be double the amount of the RAM you use.

The amount of RAM used generally depends on the purpose of the server. For development orevaluation, you need 4 GB of RAM, whereas for production you need 8 GB of RAM. Similarly,for SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server 2010 you need 4 and 8 GB of RAMrespectively.

The hardware requirements for the database server role, on the other hand, are very different.

Of the different hardware requirements, you can determine the RAM and processor

specifications based on three types of deployment:

small deploymentA small-farm deployment of servers needs a 64-bit, four core processor and 8 GB ofRAM.

medium deployment, andA medium-farm deployment of servers needs a 64-bit, eight core processor and 16 GB ofRAM.


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large deploymentFor a large-farm deployment of servers that is about 2 terabytes, you need about 32 GBof RAM. But if the size goes beyond 2 terabytes and stays within 5 terabytes, you willneed 64 GB of RAM.

Because this is the database server, the hard disk space is important and needs to be 80 GB forboth small and medium deployments. Because the database server stores the databases of theSharePoint site, this space will vary depending on the size of the SharePoint content.

These hardware requirements do not apply to a database server in an evaluation environment.They apply only to multiple server farms in a production environment.

After the hardware requirements for your project are determined and set up, you need to installthe required software.

The most basic software requirement is to set up the operating system to deploy the SharePoint

products you've selected. You can install either Windows Server 2008 SP2 or later, or WindowsServer 2008 R2. Whichever version you install, ensure that it is a 64-bit edition so that you don'thave issues with memory and performance.

Before you install SharePoint products, you need to install a set of prerequisite software forSharePoint Server 2010. You can do this by using the Microsoft SharePoint Products PreparationTool on the SharePoint Server 2010 Start page. Besides installing the required software from theinstallation CD, the tool also downloads some additional required software from the Internet.

Unlike the hardware requirements, the software requirements differ according to the four typesof deployment:

deploying a database server in a farm deploying a single server with a built-in database deploying web and application servers in a farm, and deploying resources for client access

While deploying a database server in a farm, you can install either of the two SQL Serverversions:

Microsoft SQL Server 2008 orYou can use any version of Microsoft SQL Server 2008, R2 or Service Pack 1Cumulative Update 2, also known as SP1 CU2. While using Cumulative Updates, it isrecommended that you only use CU2 or later versions. But for memory and performanceadvantages, you must ensure that in both versions you use the 64-bit edition.

When you install the SP1 CU2 version on Windows Server 2008 R2, you may receive acompatibility warning, which you can ignore. The CU2 version helps you to request and


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download hotfixes from the Microsoft web site. These hotfixes are software patches thathelp you to overcome issues in the software.

Microsoft SQL Server 2005Instead of Microsoft SQL Server 2008, you may also choose to install the 64-bit editionof Microsoft SQL Server 2005 with Service Pack 2 or later. With SP3 CU, you can

request and download hotfixes from the Microsoft web site to fix any issues that mightarise later.

You can use this version for basic functions such as reporting and clustered databaseserver. Unlike SQL Server 2008, it doesn't provide advanced features such as backupcompression or Remote BLOB storage, sometimes known as RBS.

The deployment of either a single server or a group of web and application servers in a farm hasthe same software requirements. For both deployments, a 64-bit edition of Windows Server 2008Standard, Web Server, Enterprise, or Data Center is a must. You can use either the SP2 or the R2version.

If you do not have SP2, Microsoft SharePoint Products Preparation Tool installs it as part of theprerequisites.

Microsoft SharePoint Products Preparation Tool installs some prerequisites required by singleserver and web and application server deployments for SQL Server and Windows:

SQL Server 2008 Express with SP1 SQL Server 2008 Native Client Windows Identity Foundation or WIF Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services ADOMD.NET, and Windows PowerShell 2.0

Besides prerequisites for SQL Server and Windows, Microsoft SharePoint Products PreparationTool also installs some additional prerequisites for single server and web and application serverdeployments:

Microsoft .NET Framework v3.5 SP1 with a hotfix Microsoft Sync Framework Runtime v1.0 (x64) Microsoft Filter Pack 2.0 Microsoft Chart Controls for Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 ADO.NET Data Services Update for .NET Framework 3.5 SP1, and web server and application server roles


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Besides deploying resources within a farm, you may also need to establish communicationbetween client computers and the farm. So while deploying client access for this communication,the interface that clients use to access server software is the most important. This interface isusually the web browser, which needs to be checked for its suitability.

You should ensure that the web browser provides services that align with SharePoint Server2010 and the needs of the organization. A recommended browser that fits these requirements isthe 32-bit web browser Internet Explorer 8, that has no known limitations.

Question

You work as a database administrator in your organization. You need to implement a databaseserver role in a medium server farm.

How much RAM do you need for this implementation?

Options:

1. 8 GB2. 16 GB3. 32 GB4. 64 GB

Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. Deploying a database server in a small farm needs a 64-bit,four core processor and 8 GB of RAM.

Option 2: This option is correct. Deploying a database server in a medium farm needs a 64-bit,eight core processor and 16 GB of RAM.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. When deploying a database server in a large-farmdeployment of 2 terabytes, you need about 32 GB of RAM.

Option 4: This option is incorrect. In a large-farm deployment of 2-5 terabytes, you will need 64GB of RAM.

Correct answer(s):

2. 16 GB

Question

Which factors should you consider when determining the software requirements for your serverfarm?


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Options:

1. A web server role in the farm2. Deployment of a database server in a farm3. An application server role in the farm4.

Deployment of a single server with a built-in database

Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. Hardware requirements depend on the role of a server in thefarm. Software requirements depend on the deployment type.

Option 2: This option is correct. Software requirements depend on deployment, such asdeploying a database server in a farm, a single server with a built-in database, web andapplication servers in a farm, or client access.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. Hardware requirements depend on the role of a server in thefarm. Software requirements depend on the deployment type.

Option 4: This option is correct. Software requirements depend on deployment, such asdeploying a database server in a farm, single server with a built-in database, web and applicationservers in a farm, or client access.

Correct answer(s):

2. Deployment of a database server in a farm4. Deployment of a single server with a built-in database

Summary

The SharePoint package has two basic products, SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server2010 with the Standard and Enterprise editions. It also has additional products that providesearch functionality and web communication. These products are Search Server 2010, FastSearch 2010, and SharePoint Online.

For these SharePoint products to work, there are system requirements such as hardware andsoftware requirements that need to be met. Hardware requirements can be basic like theprocessor, hard drive, and RAM. But software requirements are related to the operating system,

SharePoint products, and other software that the products depend on. With a thoroughunderstanding of different SharePoint products and their system requirements, you are preparedfor the installation of SharePoint 2010.

Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Architecture and

Planning


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Learning Objectives


recognize the architectural features of SharePoint 2010 identify the different products of SharePoint and their systems requirements

Exercise overview

In this exercise, you're required to identify the different features of the SharePoint architecture,such as elements, roles, and topologies. You also need to identify the features of the variousproducts that SharePoint 2010 offers. In addition to the architectural features and the variousproducts, you also need to identify the system requirements for running the SharePoint site.

This involves the following tasks:

reviewing architecture aspects and recognizing products and requirements

Studying architecture aspects

Question

While reviewing the SharePoint architecture, which elements will you include in the physicalarchitecture?

Options:

1. Server2. Sites3. Service application4. Content databases5. Farm

Answer

Option 1: This option is correct. The physical architecture comprises the actual hardware forsetting up SharePoint 2010. A server is the basic element of this physical architecture, withoutwhich you cannot proceed with the installation.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. Sites are the basic element of the logical architecture and arepresent in site collections. They contain web pages, lists, and other documents that are related tothe content database.


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Option 3: This option is incorrect. Service applications are elements of the logical architecture.They provide services and act as the connecting link between users and services.

Option 4: This option is incorrect. Content databases are elements of the logical architecture.They store resources the web applications require to function. They are automatically created

with each web application.

Option 5: This option is correct. The physical architecture comprises the actual hardware forsetting up SharePoint 2010. A farm is made up of servers, and it may contain a single server ormany servers.

Correct answer(s):

1. Server5. Farm

You are a Windows Server administrator in your organization, which needs to install SharePoint2010 for a new project. So you need to review the SharePoint architecture, server roles, andtopologies.

Question

In SharePoint, which elements are part of the logical architecture?

Options:

1. Site collections2. Farm3. Services4. Server5. Web applications6. Service application databases

Answer

Option 1: This option is correct. Site collections determine the size of a content database andhelp to monitor the judicious use of content databases.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. Physical architecture comprises the actual hardware forsetting up SharePoint 2010. A farm is made up of servers, and it may contain a single server ormany servers.

Option 3: This option is correct. Services are the first element in the logical architecture. Theyare the actual functionalities or processes that are performed on servers.


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Option 4: This option is incorrect. A server is the basic element of the physical architecture,without which you cannot proceed with the installation.

Option 5: This option is correct. Web applications are logical-architecture elements that connectusers to services, service applications, and service application databases.

Option 6: This option is correct. Service application databases store large amounts of data. Thisdata is used by service applications to provide services.

Correct answer(s):

1. Site collections3. Services5. Web applications6. Service application databases

Question

After identifying the architecture elements for the SharePoint installation, which server roleswould you consider in your farm?

Options:

1. Web server2. Single server3. Database server4. Two server5. Application server

Answer

Option 1: This option is correct. The web server role stores content and resources related to theweb. They are also called web front-end or WFE servers.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. Single server is not a server role, but a type of limiteddeployment that is used for evaluation or demonstration purposes.

Option 3: This option is correct. The database server role helps to store databases. The number

of servers used in this role depends on the size of the farm used. You can store all databases on asingle server, or you can group databases on different servers based on roles.

Option 4: This option is incorrect. Two server is not a server role, but a type of limiteddeployment that is used for evaluation or demonstration purposes. Limited deployment is acategory of topology based on the combination of server tiers used.


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Option 5: This option is correct. Application servers store the resources that service applicationsuse to provide services. Service users indirectly access application servers through other servers.

Correct answer(s):

1. Web server3. Database server5. Application server

Question

After determining server roles for your installation, which categories of topologies can you selectto manage farms?

Options:

1. Single-server farm2. Two-tier topology3. Two-server farm4. Large-farm architecture5. Three-tier topology6. Medium-farm architecture

Answer

Option 1: This option is correct. A single-server farm is a limited deployment topology that hasthe web server and database server roles deployed on a single server. It is usually required for

evaluation purposes, and used by less than 100 users.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. Two-tier topology is not a category, but a type of topology.This topology type depends on the ways in which the topology of the SharePoint Server can bedeployed. Whereas the category of a topology depends on the combinations of tiers used.

Option 3: This option is correct. A two-server farm is a limited deployment topology that has aweb server and an application server deployed on one server, and the database server roleseparately installed on an SQL Server.

Option 4: This option is correct. A large-farm architecture is a variation of the medium-farm

architecture that generally contains groups of servers based on different functionalities.

Option 5: This option is incorrect. The three-tier topology is not a category, but a type oftopology. This topology type depends on the ways in which the topology of the SharePointServer can be deployed. Whereas the category of a topology depends on the combinations oftiers used.


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Option 6: This option is correct. A medium-farm architecture has two servers for each of theweb server, application server, and database server roles. It is useful for a strong searchapplication, where there may be more than 40 million items to be searched.

Correct answer(s):

1. Single-server farm3. Two-server farm4. Large-farm architecture6. Medium-farm architecture

Recognizing products and requirements

You need to install SharePoint in your organization, and have already determined the elements,server roles, and topology categories. Now you need to consider the different SharePointproducts and the necessary system requirements.

Question

Of the different products that SharePoint offers, which basic products can you choose for yourcompany's installation?

Options:

1. Search Server 20102. SharePoint Foundation3. SharePoint Online4. SharePoint Server 2010 Enterprise

Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. Search Server 2010 is an additional product provided bySharePoint. It can be deployed on many servers for redundancy. It provides high availability andfault tolerance, and unlike Search Server 2010 Express, needs to be purchased by the user.

Option 2: This option is correct. SharePoint Foundation is a basic and economical SharePointproduct. It is essential for your installation because SharePoint Server 2010 is installed on it. Itallows you to add public communication tools and update your users with news and events.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. SharePoint Online automates administrative chores andmaintains the site. It has a shared model that shares a farm but doesn't allow customization. Italso has a dedicated model that owns a whole farm, allowing approved customizations.

Option 4: This option is correct. SharePoint Server 2010a basic product of SharePointprovides the Enterprise edition. It provides additional functionalities such as new serviceapplications and business intelligence.


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Correct answer(s):

2. SharePoint Foundation4. SharePoint Server 2010 Enterprise

Question

In addition to the basic SharePoint functionalities, your company requires a functionality thatallows you to search across the site. You want it to be available every time and not be prone tomany faults.

Which SharePoint product will you select for this purpose?

Options:

1. SharePoint Server 2010 Standard2. Search Server 2010 Express3. Fast Search Server 20104. SharePoint Foundation5. Search Server 2010

Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. SharePoint Server 2010 Standard builds socialcommunication of with other users over the SharePoint site through blogs and wikis. It allowsusers to search for users and resources within a site, but doesn't allow searching across sitecollections.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. Search Server 2010 Express is free, and allows you to searchacross the site and add content from external sources. But it doesn't provide good availability andhas low fault tolerance.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. Fast Search Server 2010 helps you to search data with high-end tools. It allows you to communicate in multiple languages, scale usability with increasingdocuments, and manage structured and unstructured data. But it may not provide highavailability and fault tolerance.

Option 4: This option is incorrect. SharePoint Foundation is a basic and economical SharePoint

product. It is essential for your installation because SharePoint Server 2010 is installed on it. Itallows you to add public communication tools and update your users with news and events. Ithosts SharePoint Server 2010, which helps in search but doesn't allow searching across manysites.

Option 5: This option is correct. Search Server 2010 is an additional product provided bySharePoint, which allows you to search across the site. It can be deployed on many servers for


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redundancy. It provides high availability and fault tolerance, and unlike Search Server 2010Express, needs to be purchased by the user.

Correct answer(s):

5. Search Server 2010

Question

After selecting different products, you need to identify the hardware requirements, which dependon server roles. In your SharePoint installation, you have decided to use a farm with the webserver, application server, and database server roles.

In addition to an 80 GB hard drive, how much RAM would you need for each of these roles?

Options:

1. 4-8 GB RAM for the web server and application servers, and 8-64 GB for the databaseserver




Answer

Option 1: This option is correct. The amount of RAM used for web and application serversdepends on the purpose of the server. You need 4 GB of RAM for development or evaluation,but 8 GB of RAM for production. The amount of RAM used for database servers differsaccording to three types of deployments. A small deployment needs 4 GB of RAM, a mediumdeployment needs 16 GB, and large-farm deployment of 2 or 2-5 terabytes needs 32 or 64 GB ofRAM respectively.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. The amount of RAM used for web and application serversdepends on the purpose of the server. You need 4-8 GB RAM for the web server and applicationservers. Whereas, for database servers you need 8-64 GB RAM, which again differs according to

three types of deployments. 16-64 GB RAM would only be applicable to medium and largedeployments.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. The amount of RAM used for web and application serversdepends on the purpose of the server. You need 4-8 GB RAM for the web server and applicationservers. Whereas, for database servers you need 8-64 GB RAM, which again depends on threetypes of deployments. A small deployment needs 4 GB of RAM, a medium deployment needs 16GB, and large-farm deployment needs 32 or 64 GB of RAM respectively.


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Option 4: This option is incorrect. The amount of RAM used for web and application serversdepends on the purpose of the server. You need 4-8 GB RAM for the web server and applicationservers. Whereas, for database servers you need 8-64 GB RAM, which again differs dependingon three types of deployments. A 32-64 GB RAM would serve only a large-farm deployment of2 or 2-5.

Correct answer(s):

1. 4-8 GB RAM for the web server and application servers, and 8-64 GB for the database server

Question

With hardware requirements in place, you now need to implement the software requirements foryour farm.

Which factors should you consider for this?

Options:

1. A web server role in the farm2. Deployment of a database server in a farm3. An application server role in the farm4. Deployment of a single server with built-in database5. Deploying web and applications servers in a farm6. Deploying resources for client access

Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. Hardware requirements depend on the role of a server in thefarm. Software requirements depend on the deployment.

Option 2: This option is correct. Software requirements depend on types of deployment, such asdeploying a database server in a farm, a single server with a built-in database, web andapplication servers in a farm, or client access. You can either use Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2or Service Pack 1 Cumulative Update 2, or Microsoft SQL Server 2005 with Service Pack 2 orlater.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. Hardware requirements depend on the role of a server in the

farm. Software requirements depend on the deployment.

Option 4: This option is correct. Software requirements depend on types of deployment, such asdeploying a database server in a farm, a single server with built in database, web and applicationsservers in a farm, or client access. The deployment of a single server needs a 64-bit edition ofWindows Server 2008 Standard, Web Server, Enterprise, or Data Center. This can be either anSP2 or R2 version.


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Option 5: This option is correct. Software requirements depend on types of deployment, such asdeploying a database server in a farm, a single server with built in database, web and applicationsservers in a farm, or client access. The deployment of web and application servers in a farmneeds a 64-bit edition of Windows Server 2008 Standard, Web Server, Enterprise, or DataCenter. This can be either an SP2 or R2 version.

Option 6: This option is correct. Software requirements depend on types of deployment, such asdeploying a database server in a farm, a single server with built in database, web and applicationsservers in a farm, or client access. While deploying client access, you need to use a web browserthat provides services aligned with SharePoint Server 2010 and the needs of the organization.The 32-bit web browser Internet Explorer 8 is recommended for this purpose.

Correct answer(s):

2. Deployment of a database server in a farm4. Deployment of a single server with built-in database

5. Deploying web and applications servers in a farm6. Deploying resources for client access

|Print|Contents|Close|

Installing SharePoint 2010

Learning Objectives


recognize how to prepare for a SharePoint 2010 installation distinguish between Standalone and Server farm SharePoint installations

1. SharePoint 2010 installation preparation

Before installing Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010, you first need to prepare an environment forit. This involves installing and configuring software prerequisites that are required to installSharePoint Server 2010 and make a farm run. You can easily set up these prerequisites by usingthe Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool. Then you can install SharePoint

Server 2010 using one of two options - Standalone and Server Farm.

The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool is an executable file calledPrerequisiteInstaller.exe. You can find this file in the root directory of the SharePoint 2010installation disc.

But if you download OfficeServer.exe or SharePoint.exe from the Microsoft site, then you need
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to extract the EXE file. To do this, you access the command prompt, navigate to the drive or

folder where you saved the OfficeServer.exe file, and run this extract command.

Graphic

The command you run is the following:

OfficeServer.exe/extract:c:\install

All of the SharePoint files are extracted, and the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products PreparationTool or the PrerequisiteInstaller.exe file is available at this location.

Graphic

The location path is the following:

C:\install

When you run the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool, the tool first configuresInternet Information Services, commonly known as IIS, if it is not already configured.

Then the tool checks whether the prerequisite programs are already installed on your computer,including

Web Server (IIS) role Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services ADOMD.NET Application Server role Microsoft Sync Framework Runtime v1.0 (x64), and Microsoft Chart Controls for the Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5

The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool also checks for other prerequisiteprograms, such as

Microsoft .NET Framework v3.5 SP1 ADO.NET Data Services v1.5 CTP2 Microsoft Framework Microsoft Filter Pack 2.0, and Windows PowerShell 2.0 CTP3


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The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool may detect that some prerequisiteprograms are not installed, or are installed with the incorrect versions. In this case, the toolaccesses the Internet, downloads the required programs from the Microsoft Download Center,and installs them.

After the installations are complete, the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Toolmight prompt you to reboot your server. This reboot is not always necessary. It is required onlywhen multiple changes are made to the server. After you reboot, the Microsoft SharePoint 2010Products Preparation Tool continues the installation from the point where it stopped.

Question

If you downloaded SharePoint.exe from the Microsoft site, where can you get the MicrosoftSharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool?

Options:

1. In the Install folder of the SharePoint 2010 installation disc2. In the Microsoft Download Center3. In the folder where you extracted SharePoint files from SharePoint.exe4. In Windows PowerShell 2.0

Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool isavailable in the root of the SharePoint 2010 installation disc. But, in this case, the EXE has beendownloaded from the Microsoft site.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. The Microsoft Download Center is used by the MicrosoftSharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool to download the required prerequisite programs.

Option 3: This option is correct. When you download SharePoint.exe from the Microsoft site,you need to extract this EXE file. The extracted SharePoint files contain the MicrosoftSharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool.

Option 4: This option is incorrect. The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Toolchecks whether the Windows PowerShell 2.0 program is installed on the server. The tool itself isnot a part of the program.

Correct answer(s):

3. In the folder where you extracted SharePoint files from SharePoint.exe

The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool will check for the prerequisites for aSharePoint installation. If any of the prerequisite programs are not present, it automaticallyaccesses the Internet to download and install them. However, your servers may not have access


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to the Internet because of security reasons. So you can download the required programs manuallyfrom the Internet. To do this, you click the Learn more about these prerequisites link on theWelcome page of the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool.

This opens a TechNet page with links to all of the prerequisite programs. You can click the

relevant links to download the required programs and then install each program. This method isbest when you need to perform a one-time installation of SharePoint Server 2010 on a singleserver.

The other method of manually installing the prerequisite programs is to use the command-lineoptions of the prerequisite installer. To display these options, you run this command.

Graphic

The command you run is the following:

Prerequisitelnstaller.exe /?

You can install the required programs by including the relevant options in your command. Thismethod is best when you need to install SharePoint Server 2010 on multiple servers.

Question

Mary needs to install SharePoint Server 2010 on a server. She comes to know that all of theprograms required for this installation are present on the server. To be sure, she runs theMicrosoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool.

Identify the actions that the tool will perform.

Options:

1. Check for the presence of the prerequisite programs2. Configure IIS3. Prompt for a reboot of the server4. Remove certain programs from the server

Answer

Option 1: This option is correct. The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool willcheck if the required prerequisite programs are already installed on the server. This is the secondaction that the tool will perform.

Option 2: This option is correct. When Mary runs the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 ProductsPreparation Tool, the first action it will perform is to configure IIS with the required settings.


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Option 3: This option is incorrect. As all of the required programs are already installed on theserver, there will not be any changes to it. So the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 ProductsPreparation Tool will not prompt for a server reboot.

Option 4: This option is incorrect. The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool

never removes any programs from a server. It only installs the missing prerequisite programs.

Correct answer(s):

1. Check for the presence of the prerequisite programs2. Configure IIS

While using the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool, you can encounter twocommon problems that may lead to its failure. One problem is that an Internet connection maynot be available on the server on which you want to install SharePoint Server 2010. You cantackle this issue by manually downloading the required program files.

The other problem is that Windows PowerShell 1.0 is installed on your server. One reason forthis is that you have Windows Server 2008 as your operating system, and you have activated itsWindows PowerShell feature. Another reason might be that PowerShell 1.0 was installedautomatically while you were installing an application such as SQL Server.

You need PowerShell 2.0 to install SharePoint Server 2010. So when you run the MicrosoftSharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool and it detects that PowerShell 2.0 is not installed onthe server, it tries to install PowerShell 2.0. But as you already have PowerShell 1.0 on yourserver, the installation of PowerShell 2.0 fails. This, in turn, leads to the failure of the MicrosoftSharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool installation. To solve this problem, you need to

deactivate the Windows PowerShell feature by using Windows Server Manager, and then run thetool again.

Question

What should you do if the Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool fails on yourserver because of the absence of an Internet connection?

Options:

1. Install Windows PowerShell 1.02.

Install Microsoft Filter Pack3. Download the missing prerequisite programs manually

4. Run SharePoint.exeAnswer


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Option 1: This option is incorrect. Installing Windows PowerShell 1.0 will not resolve theInternet connection issue. But it will cause more problems, because Windows PowerShell 2.0,and not 1.0, is required for installing SharePoint Server 2010.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. Installation of Microsoft Filter Pack itself requires an Internet

connection. It cannot resolve the issue of a missing Internet connection.

Option 3: This option is correct. The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Toolrequires an Internet connection to download the prerequisite program files. If a connection is notpresent on the server, the tool fails. In such a case, you need to download the required programsmanually.

Option 4: This option is incorrect. When you run SharePoint.exe, it starts the installation ofSharePoint Server 2010. It does not resolve the issue of a missing Internet connection.

Correct answer(s):

3. Download the missing prerequisite programs manually

The Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products Preparation Tool installs all of the prerequisiteprograms. But to install and deploy SharePoint Server 2010 on a server farm, you will also needcertain service accounts.

These service accounts are

SQL Server service account Setup user account server farm account, and managed account

You need the SQL Server service account to run two SQL Server servicesMSSQLSERVERand SQLSERVERAGENT. The way that these services are displayed depends on whether youare using the default SQL Server instance in the Windows Services console. If you are not usingthat instance, the services are displayed with their respective instance names like this.

Graphic

The MSSQLSERVER service is displayed as MSSQL$InstanceName, and theSQLSERVERAGENT service is displayed as SQLAgent$InstanceName.

To set up the SQL Server service account, you can use a domain user account or a Local Systemaccount. Both of these accounts need access to the external resource that you will use for backupand restore purposes.


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To use a domain user account, you need to grant it permission to access the external resource.

To use a Local System account, you need to allow access of the external resource to the machineaccount with this syntax.

Graphic

The syntax is the following:

domain_name\SQL_hostname$

Another service account that you need to install SharePoint Server 2010 is the Setup useraccount. You need this account to run the setup file and the SharePoint Products ConfigurationWizard.

For the Setup user account, you require a domain user account and a SQL Server login on the

computer running SQL Server. You also need to make the account a member of theAdministrators group on each server where you want to run the setup, and assign it thesecurityadmin and dbcreator fixed server roles.

In addition to the Setup user account, you need the server farm account for installing SharePointServer 2010. This account helps in configuring and managing the server farm. It also helps inrunning the Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Workflow Timer Service. The account alsofunctions as an application pool identity for the SharePoint Central Administration web site.

To set up the server farm account, you require a domain user account. However, the server farmaccount, by default, gets extra permissions on Web servers and application servers connected to a

server farm. The server farm account also gets a SQL Server login on the computer running SQLServer. The account is assigned the securityadmin and dbcreator fixed server roles and thedb_owner fixed database role for all SharePoint databases in the server farm.

The last account you need for the installation of SharePoint Server 2010 is a managed account.When you register a domain account as a managed account, SharePoint itself maintains andmanages the account. This means that SharePoint handles all changes, such as password changes,related to the account.

For example, if your company has a policy that passwords for all the domains need to bechanged every 90 days, then SharePoint enforces this change automatically. So you are free from

the responsibility of managing domain account passwords.

The account that you use for installing SharePoint Server 2010 becomes a managed account bydefault. But you can register any number of accounts as managed accounts by specifying thedomain, the username, and the password for each of them.

Question


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Sophie needs an application pool identity for the SharePoint Central Administration web site.She also needs to run the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard.

Which service accounts should she use?

Options:

1. Server farm account2. SQL Server service account3. Managed account4. Setup user account

Answer

Option 1: This option is correct. The server farm account helps in configuring and managing theserver farm. This account also acts as an application pool identity for the SharePoint Central

Administration web site.

Option 2: This option is incorrect. The SQL Server service account runs the SQL ServerservicesMSSQLSERVER and SQLSERVERAGENT.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. A managed account is maintained by SharePoint, and doesnot require much involvement from the administrator.

Option 4: This option is correct. You require the Setup user account for running the setup fileand the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard when installing SharePoint 2010.

Correct answer(s):

1. Server farm account4. Setup user account

2. Types of SharePoint installation

After you've prepared the environment for installing SharePoint Server 2010, you can runsetup.exe. This executable file does not start the setup process directly. It first checks if all theprerequisite programs are installed on your server. After this check has been carried out, and thepresence of all the programs is confirmed, Setup determines whether the server needs to be

rebooted and, if necessary, prompts you to do so.

If this initial check fails, you get information about the problems from the logs available at thislocation.

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The location is the following:

C:\program files\common files\Microsoft shared\web server extensions\14\logs

After the initial check is completed, setup.exe gives you two options for installing SharePoint

Server 2010:

Standalone and Server Farm

If you select the Standalone option, you do not need to provide any inputs during the installationprocess. The process starts and installs all the required SharePoint components. Then, theMicrosoft SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard runs automatically, and a web applicationis created with this link.

Graphic

The link is the following:

http://

Then you just need to select the template that you want to use for the root site collection. Youcan also use your own template by uploading it to the gallery.

The Standalone install simplifies the installation of SharePoint Server 2010 as it does not requireany input from you. You just select this option and you get a complete SharePoint farm.

This install option performs most of the tasks for you including

installing a new instance of SQL Server Express 2008 configuring SharePoint to store all databases on the SQL Server Express 2008 instance configuring service applications, and creating a web application and a site collection

Despite the fact that the Standalone install does all the installation work for you, it has its

limitations. Selecting this install option leads to a permanent commitment to it. This means thatyou cannot make many changes to your SharePoint setup or topology in future.

For example, you cannot add more SharePoint servers to your farm. If you really need to add aserver, you have to perform the tedious task of backing up data, formatting the server, andperforming the installation process again.

The other limitation is that you might not be able to upgrade SharePoint 2010 to a later version.


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Along with its own limitations, the Standalone install brings the limitations of SQL ServerExpress 2008, which it installs and uses. This SQL Server instance limits the size of a databaseto 4 GB. The other drawback of SQL Server Express 2008 is that it does not provide a GUI toolto help you manage it. If you need such a tool, you have to download it separately from theMicrosoft site. The other option is to manage SQL Server using the command-line tool

osql.exe.

Question

Which facts are correct about the Standalone install?

Options:

1. Requires regular inputs during the installation2. Results in a permanent commitment to the SharePoint setup3. Prompts you to create the web application4. Installs a new instance of SQL Server Express 2008

Answer

Option 1: This option is incorrect. The Standalone install does not require regular inputs duringthe installation. The only input required is the selection of the template for the root sitecollection.

Option 2: This option is correct. Selecting the Standalone install means that you cannot makemany changes to the SharePoint setup, such as adding servers.

Option 3: This option is incorrect. When you select the Standalone install, it automaticallycreates a web application and a site collection.

Option 4: This option is correct. The Standalone install creates a new instance of SQL ServerExpress 2008 and configures SharePoint to store all databases on that instance.

Correct answer(s):

2. Results in a permanent commitment to the SharePoint setup4. Installs a new instance of SQL Server Express 2008

The limitations of the Standalone install and its SQL Server instance mean that it's often better toselect the other optionServer Farm - when installing SharePoint Server 2010. But even afteryou select the Server Farm install, Stand-alone is still the default option for installation. So toavoid the Standalone install again, you must select the Complete option.

When you select the Complete option, all of the required SharePoint components are installed,but you need to configure them yourself. This method gives you more flexibility and control, as


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you are free to select the features and service accounts that you want. Additionally, you canreconfigure your server or add more servers to your farm to meet changing business needs.

The Complete option is available on the Server Type tab. In addition to this tab, there is anothertab called File Location. You can use this tab to change the locations of the SharePoint Server

files and the search index files, whose default location is the system drive. If you're not sureabout the locations you want to use at the time of installation, you can also change them later.

However, there are certain files, called the 14 hive, whose location you cannot change. Thesefiles take up to 1 GB of disk space and need to be present on the system drive at this location.

Graphic


%ProgramFiles%\common files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14

After you've changed the locations of the SharePoint Server files, you clickInstall Now to startthe installation of these files.

While the installation of the SharePoint files is in progress, the 14 hive files are created.

After the installation of SharePoint files is complete, you are prompted to run the SharePointProducts Configuration Wizard. You can use this wizard to configure the installed files.

Configuring SharePoint involves a great deal of typing and clicking. If you want to save thiseffort, you can automate the configuration by using the scripted install. All you need to do is

decide the configuration settings you want to use, and then specify them in the config.xml file.Once you specify the required settings, you can use the same config.xml file to install SharePointServer 2010 across multiple servers.

If you downloaded the OfficeServer.exe file from the Microsoft site and extracted the SharePointfiles, the config.xml file is available in various folders at this location.

Graphic


C:\install\files

Question

Match each SharePoint installation type with its description. You can use each installation typemore than once.

Options:


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1. Standalone2. Server Farm

Targets:

1.

Prompts the administrator to configure the SharePoint components2. Limits the chances of modifying or upgrading your SharePoint 2010 setup3. Does not require any inputs from the administrator4. Provides the administrator flexibility and control during the SharePoint installation

Answer

The Server Farm install installs the SharePoint components, but prompts you to configure them.

When you select the Standalone install, you cannot make many changes to the SharePoint

Date post:	02-Apr-2018
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Overview of SharePoint 2010 Architecture

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