Overview of the ILC and SRF Program

(With an emphasis on Px)

Shekhar MishraILC & SRF Program

Fermilab

ILC R&D and SRF Infrastructure

• ILC R&D – Mission: Work with the GDE Americas Regional Team (ART) to

develop the ILC machine design– Goal

• Participate in the Technical Design Phase (TDP)• Work towards GDE SRF goals

– S0: Cavity gradient of 35 MV/m; good yield – S1: Cryomodules with average gradient > 31.5 MV/m – S2: One or more ILC RF unit with ILC beam parameters– Design improvements for cost reduction

• Fermilab as a possible site and trusted international partner• SRF Infrastructure

– Mission: Develop infrastructure and expertise in SRF technology at Fermilab

– Goals:• Prepare FNAL Infrastructure with a capacity of 1 CM/month for

Project X or a future ILC Project– Perform R&D to improve SRF performance, reduce cost – Build needed FNAL SRF Infrastructure– Operate SRF facilities & train staff in SRF technology – Transfer SRF technology to U.S. industry– Collaborate with U.S. & International ILC/Px partners

FY08 Accomplishments

• Cavities

– ILC cavities built by U.S. vendors (AES, Roark/Niowave)

– Collaborated with Cornell, Jlab and ANL to process & test ILC 9-cell cavities in the U.S. Performance is comparable to DESY

• First U.S. assembled 1.3 GHz cryomodule complete (DESY kit)

• Processing cavities, ordered parts towards CM2 (To be fabricated in FY09)

• Type-IV Cryomodule Design in collaboration with ILC

• DESY 3.9 GHz cryomodule nearing completion (March 09)

– Excellent cavity performance

• Infrastructure

– Commissioned Vertical Test System (VTS1) at IB1

– Commissioned Horizontal Test System (HTS) at MDB

– Cryomodule assembly facility completed ( ICB, MP9)

– Commissioning new ANL/FNAL joint cavity processing facility

– RF unit test facility at New Muon Lab under construction

Project X/ILC Alignment

Project X/ILC Alignment

• 38 ILC-like cryomodules are required for Project X. In detail they will not be identical to ILC:– Gradient: 25 MV/m– Beam current: 20 mA 1.25 msec 5 Hz– Focusing: Quadrupole element required in each CM– Consistent with upgrade path

• 1.25 2.5 msec pulse length• 5 10 Hz pulse rate

• Development Plan– Development strategy based on ILC “plug compatibility”– Cryomodule development is through the ILC program – Cavity Fabrication, Processing and Test Infrastructure;

Cryomodule Assembly Facility and ILCTA-NML Test Area are constructed via the SRF program:

• 1 CM/month assembly capability and beam testing of a complete rf unit

Project-X/ILC Alignment

• Industrialization – Production of 38 ILC-like (plus 8 =0.8) CMs over a 2-3 year

period is consistent with Fermilab Cryomodule Assembly Facility (CAF) capabilities in ~2013; however, the production rate remains well below that required by ILC

This activity could represent the initial phase of an industrialization buildup for ILC and get US industry involved.

• OperationsProject X will provide invaluable operational experience in the operations of a linac of roughly 1% of ILC

US: Cavity R&D• Cavities are fabricated using US and German Vendor

– Developing US and Canadian vendor (AES, Roark, Niowave, PAVAC)• Improving fabrication techniques aided with material and 1-cell R&D

– Developing and Improving processing techniques to• Increase yield• Higher Gradient with large Q and small Field Emission

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ILC Goal

PX Goal

Px Yield with qualified vendor ~ 70%Px Yield with U.S. vendor ~50%

AES 1

Thermometry locates Defect

Optical Image

R&D to Improve Gradient and Yield

Pits appear after EP !

Laser Melting of Nb Surface

• Preliminary experiments show a pit cannot be removed by BCP or EP, even after ~150 um removal

• Fermilab is investigating: Laser Melting

14 µm100 µm

Next at FNAL: Cryomodule 2

•Seven (eight) good cavities for CM 2

– Average Vertical Test gradient is ~36 MV/m – Remaining cavity and spare will be selected based

on upcoming test results

• Design of He Vessel Finished– 1st Dressing with AES cavity March 09

•Tuner and Cold Mass from INFN

• Power Coupler from SLAC

• Cryomodule 2 assembled in 2009

Vendor Cavity #Gradient* (MV/m)

Accel 6 37.8

7 31.9

8 31.7

11 40.0

12 37.0

AES 2 32.8

Accel A13 44.0

Average 36.4

Cryomodule 1 Assembled at Fermilab using DESY Kit

* based on last process/test result at Jefferson Lab

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Cryomodule(s) Test with Beam

Cryomodules

Capture Cavity 1 (CC1)

Gun RF SystemCC2 RF System

RF Gun

5MW RF System for Cryomodules

Space for 10 MW RF System

CC2

Fermilab is building a CM test area with Beam at NML.

RF Unit Test Facility at New Muon Lab (NML)

• Cryogenic System Operational (Aug. 2007)

• Delivery of First Cryomodule to NML (Aug. 2008)

• Cryomodule Ready for Cool down (Spring 2009)

• Cold RF Testing of Cryomodule (Summer 2009)

• Delivery of 2nd Cryomodule to NML (Fall 2009)

• Installation of Gun and Injector (2010)

• First Beam (2011)

• Full RF Unit Testing (3 Cryomodules) (2012)

Progress at NML Test Facility

1st Cryomodule Installed

Cryogenic Vacuum Pump

CM Feed Can

Control Room He Refrigerator

5 MW RF system

NML FY09 Plans

• Complete Phase-1 Goals– Move CC2 to NML– Commission RF systems for CM1 & CC2– Commission Cryogenic System using CC2– Cooldown CM1– Install RF Power Distribution for CM1– Complete Infrastructure to Cooldown, RF Power, and operate CC2 &

CM1• Vacuum, RF, Cryo, Interlocks, LLRF, Controls, etc.

– Begin Operation of CC2– Begin Cold RF Testing of CM1

• Begin Work Towards Phase-2 (Budget Permitting)– Begin Procurement of Injector (gun, magnets, etc.) and Test Beamline

(dumps, magnets, etc.)– Begin Building Extension Construction

3.9 GHz Status• 8 Cavities fabricated (including 2

prototypes)• More than 60 vertical tests conducted

at A0– Cavities must exceed 19 MV/m, low

field emission, good Q to ‘pass’– 5 good cavities

• 5 Cavities welded into helium vessels• 4 ‘dressed’ cavities successfully

completed Horizontal Testing at ILCTA_MDB/HTS

– All cavities have achieved >22 MV/m at 2K

– Low field emission– Q within specs

• String Assembly complete early January

• Cold Mass Assembly in progress• Expect to ship complete module in

March 2009.• Complete module will be installed at

DESY Cryomodule Test Bed and cold power tested prior to installation in FLASH in early 2010

Bare 3.9 GHz Cavity Q vs E - Vertical Tests

Dressed Cavity into HTS Q vs E - all Horizontal Tests

Completed String Assembly Cold Mass Assembly

Infrastructure Need for Px and ILC Technology Transfer to Industry

• The Goal of Project-X construction is to achieve 1 CM/month assembly for the 1.3 GHz Cryomodule– Cavities ~125 per year (assuming 80% yield)– Processing

• Bulk (150 micron etch) ~125 per year (US Industry)• Fine (20 micron etch) ~190 per year (Assuming on average 1.5

cycle/cavity) (US Laboratory)

– Vertical Testing ~180 per year– Horizontal Testing ~ 60 per year (Assume ½ for QC)– Cryomodule Assembly 1 per month– Cryomodule Testing 1 per month

• About 50% additional capacity is needed for the 325 MHz cavities.

• We have DOE reviewed detail plan for this SRF Infrastructure development– Major change is our thoughts on Processing Facility

FNAL-ANL Cavity Processing Facility

New High-pressure rinse system

New Ultrasonic cleaning system

• Electro-polishing Room

• In FY08 most of the US cavity processing was done using Jlab and Cornell• ANL and Fermilab has jointly built a processing facility at ANL.• It provides a complete processing of 1.3 GHz cavities:

– electro-polishing, ultrasonic cleaning, high-pressure rinse, assembly, etc.– Facility nearing completion (HPR, ultrasonic, fixtures)

• Three single-cell cavities and one 9-cell cavity electro-polished so far– Optimization of processing procedure is in progress

• 9 cell Cavity will be processed in Spring 09

Vertical Cavity Test Facility

• 26 cavity tests in FY08/FY09, where “test” = cryogenic thermal cycle– Performance tests for 9-cell & single-cell elliptical cavities, and a SSR1 HINS

cavity

– Cavity tests dedicated to instrumentation development, e.g., variable coupler, thermometry, cavity vacuum pump system

– Cavity tests dedicated to facility commissioning, e.g., for ANL/FNAL CPF

Monthly VCTF Test Activity - FY08/09

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Average test cycles/month: 1.4

Cavities to accommodate– ILC/SRF R&D

9-cell and 1-cell elliptical ILC cavities– HINS/Project X

SSR1SSR2 TSR9-cell elliptical cavities

VTS requirements– VTS1 is sufficient to support FY09, FY10 test plans – VTS2 with larger diameter operational by end of CY2011 to

support SSR2, TSR, and increased throughput– VTS3 needed somewhat later

Planned upgrades for ultimate capacity ~250 cavity tests/yr– 2 cavities per cryogenic cycle, singly RF tested– Cryogenic system & infrastructure upgrades– Two more VTS cryostats – collaborate with Indian Institutions

VCTF upgrade plans

Do not fit in VTS1

VTS 2&3 pits & staging area

Horizontal Test Stand

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• Commissioned in 2007 with 1.3 GHz dressed cavity• Operational in 2008, tested four 3.9 GHz cavities

– First cavity: 8 months between cavity’s arrival and departure (Commissioning)

– Fourth cavity: 2 weeks between cavity’s arrival and departure (turnaround time goal achieved)

Plan: SRF Infrastructure Development

• Vertical Test Stand– Add 2 more cryostat with larger radius to accommodate Spoke

Resonators.

• Horizontal Test Stand– Build a new Horizontal Test Stand with 2 cavity length

• Cryomodule Test Stand– New design based on DESY experience

• Processing Facility– US Industry involved in Bulk Processing– Double the Jlab and ANL/FNAL present capacity and add redundancy– New facility for post processing treatment, tuning etc.

• NML Upgrade– Cryogenic– Beam Test and Diagonastic– 2 ILC RF Units (6 CM and 2 RF Systems)

ILC Collaborations Px Collaboration

• US Collaboration– ANL: EP development and cavity processing– Cornell: Cavity processing & test, materials R&D– MSU: HPR, Cavity vendor development and cost– TJNL: EP cavity processing and test– SLAC: RF power, klystrons, couplers– NW,UW/NHML, U of Chgo: Materials R&D– IIT, NIU: joint appointments

• International Collaboration– DESY: 3.9 GHz, cryomodule kit, TTF, materials– KEK: Cavity R&D, ATF II – INFN: tuners, HTS, NML gun cathodes– TRIUMF: cavity development, tuners– CERN, DESY, KEK, INFN, etc: Type IV CM design– India: CM Design, infrastructure, cavities, etc– China: Cavity and SRF development ( IHEP, PKU)

Summary

• US ILC and SRF Infrastructure programs have been making progress– Cavity (eight with excellent gradient)– CM2 assembly to start– CM1 to be cold with RF– VTS, HTS, ANL/FNAL Processing commissoned

• These R&D are in line with the needs of a significant part of Project-X.– This would get the US industry involved

• Infrastructure construction at Fermilab is aligned with the Project-X construction needs and initial US industrial efforts that would be needed for ILC regardless where it is located.