Presented by Trevor R. Roycroft, Ph.D.2008 NASUCA Annual Meeting.November 17, 2008
Roycroft ConsultingEconomic and Policy Analysistrevor@roycroftconsulting.orgwww.roycroftconsulting.org508-896-0151 1
AT&T Bell system built a “nationwide” network to provide local and long distance services.
A “public switched” telecommunications network (PSTN).
Provided services at regulated rates on a “common carriage” basis.
Universal Service. Network capabilities
similar nationwide.
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DistributionAnd Drop(Copper TwistedPair)
FeederCopper orFiber
“Local Loop”Local SwitchTandem Switch
Local TransportCopper or Fiber
“Long Distance” Network (Fiber)
“Long Distance” Network (Fiber)
Mobile Telephone Switching Office
“Long Distance” Network (Fiber)
“Long Distance” Network (Fiber)
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Legacy PSTN Technology Deployment
The Internet revolution. Internet technology introduces:
Packet switching. A standardized communication platform,
delivering “best effort service.” No blocking. Transmission latency possible.
Potential for high bandwidth demand. How will the change affect the PSTN?
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Section 706 of the 1996 Act states: The Commission and each State commission with
regulatory jurisdiction over telecommunications services shall encourage the deployment on a reasonable and timely basis of advanced telecommunications capability to all Americans.
“advanced telecommunications capability' is defined, without regard to any transmission media or technology, as high-speed, switched, broadband telecommunications capability that enables users to originate and receive high-quality voice, data, graphics, and video telecommunications using any technology.”
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Competing platforms Cable Telephone company
RBOCs stick to their own turf. Overbuilders Wireless
RBOCs own largest wireless providers AT&T and Verizon purchased majority of 700 MHz spectrum WiMax on horizon?
Will competition ensure affordability? Will competition ensure universal access/service? Will competition deliver end-to-end compatible
technologies? Encourage benefits of network effects.
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DownstreamUpstream
FTTH
VDSL2
Cable Modem (DOCSIS 3.0)
Cable Modem (DOCSIS 2.0)
ADSL2+
WiMax
Basic DSL
Voice over Internet Protocol Relies on packet switching approach.
Uses broadband access network. Within the broadband access network, the
relative position of voice has changed. IPTV customer—200+ Gigabytes per month. Voice customer—less than 1 Gigabyte per
month.
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Largest telephone company. 35 million residential subscribers in 21 states. 75 million wireless subscribers. Have used DSL to deliver broadband.
“Fiber to the neighborhood” (FTTN). Utilizes existing copper distribution network. Shortens the copper run.
Typically enables 25 Mbps downstream, 1-3 Mbps upstream. Majority of bandwidth devoted to provision of U-verse
television. “IPTV” is used to compensate for limited overall
bandwidth.
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1010
Copper
Fiber replacesCopper
Local LoopOverhaul (FTTN)
Node
Set-Top Box
ResidentialGateway
HouseholdPhone CompanyCentral Office
FTTN pushes fiber deeper into the neighborhood to shorten the copper runs to 3,000 to 5,000 feet.
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IP Video Hub OfficesNational
IP Backbone
IP Video Super Hub
IP Serving Offices
CopperFiberFiber
Greenfield FTTP
Local LoopOverhaul (FTTN)
Node
Set-Top Box
ResidentialGateway
HouseholdHousehold
Low-bandwidth for data. Fiber deployments appear to be constrained for
marketing purposes to copper performance. “Pair-bonding” may double the capacity available,
but delivery of HD programming may command most of this additional bandwidth.
Competitive pressure on cable systems, which already beat U-verse Internet bandwidth with existing platform?
Structural discrimination against non-U-verse video? About 780,000 subscribers nationwide. 14 Million living units passed as of 3rd Quarter 2008.
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Second largest telephone company. 24.5 million residential subscribers in 29
states. 68 million wireless subscribers. Use both DSL and selective deployments of
fiber to the home (FTTH). FTTH provides a direct fiber optic
connection to the home. Replaces the copper wires in the network.
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FiOS
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FiOS
Optical Network Terminal
Optical Line
TerminalOptical
Couplers (WDM)
Voice & Data Downstream 1490 nm
Upstream 1310 nm
Voice, Data & Video 1490 nm, 1310 nm, 1550
nm
1x32
Optical Splitte
r
Video 1550 nm
CENTRAL
OFFICE CUSTOMER PREMISE
PSTN
Verizon IP Network
Verizon IP Network
InternetInternet
VideoHub
About 1.6 million FiOS TV customers nationwide.
About 2.2 million FiOS Internet customers nationwide.
Projects passing 12 million homes by year-end 2008.
Preferred technology, but limited to portions of Verizon’s service area.
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(1-year agreement)
PlansFiOS with existing Verizon phone service
FiOS without Verizon phone service
Up to 10 Mbps/2 Mbps $42.99/month $47.99/month
Up to 20 Mbps/5 Mbps $52.99/month $57.99/month
Up to 20 Mbps/20 Mbps $64.99/month $69.99/month
$139.95/month $144.95/monthUp to 50 Mbps/20 Mbps
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Qwest has announced plans for a limited FTTN deployment. To pass 1.5 million homes by year-end
2008. Mixed signals regarding video plans.
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Will competition ensure affordability? Voice prices Broadband Internet access.
Will competition ensure universal access/service? AT&T v. Verizon v. Qwest
Will competition deliver end-to-end compatible technologies? Bandwidth differences impact application
development and innovation.
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ILECs don’t have to unbundle fiber. Copper retirement.
Strips a technology platform from the network.
DSL Ethernet over copper.
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USA
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