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SILRES:
PERFECT WATER REPELLENCY
FOR HEAVY CLAY PRODUCTS
INTELLIGENT INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS
S I L I C O N E S SILRES
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DISCOVER A HYDROPHOBIC
TREATMENT FOR ALL SEASONS
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Heavy clay construction materials areparticularly sensitive to weathering
and environmental effects. Their open
pores literally soak up water. Damp is
not only an ideal breeding ground for
bacteria and a vehicle for salts, but
also the start of a serious decline in
property value.
Whether in roof tiles, facing bricks orunglazed paving slabs the open-pored
structure of heavy clay ceramics allows
water to easily penetrate into the con-
struction material. That is where the
vicious circle starts. Water dissolves
salts in the clay and deposits them on
the surface as the material dries. Here
they attract more water and reinforce
the wetting process. In the long term,
this destroys the material structure and
leads to serious surface damage.
Efflorescence also spoils the optical
appearance.
Warm, humid conditions also promote
the growth of mosses, lichens and algae
on non-impregnated ceramics. Once
the process has started, it is expensive
to preserve the building fabric.
When the issue is one of not onlypreserving an immaculate appearance,
but also conserving property value and
minimizing maintenance costs, SILRES
offers an effective solution. This brochure
illustrates the potential of this silicone-
based hydrophobic masonry protection
agent for maintaining property values.
To find out more about the benefits that
WACKER can offer you, contact our
service engineers from the silicone
masonry protection team.
Contents
Perfect Weathering Protection 3
Water-Repellent, yet Breathable 4
Dipping and Spraying 6
Individually Tailored 8
Simple Tests for Success 9
WACKER at a Glance 11
Photo front page: Remmers
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SILRES: HEAVY CLAY PRODUCTS KEEP
OUT WATER BUT CAN STILL BREATHE
For over 40 years, WACKERSILICONES has been investing its
expertise in the development of
silicone-based masonry protection
agents. The result is an outstanding
range of products for rendering
mineral substrates water repellent.
Water Simply Runs OffSILRES preserves the beauty and
value of heavy clay products in the long
term. These silicone impregnation agents
make the construction material water
repellent without stopping its breathing.
As a result, water simply runs off the
surface while water vapor escapes freely.
Damp patches can easily dry out
improving the materials thermal insulation.
The frost resistance of the impregnated
material must be specially tested.
A Stable NetworkSILRES is a silicone impregnation
agent that renders the pores hydro-
phobic. It works by lining the ceramic
pores and capillaries with a stable,
three-dimensional network of silicone
resin, which forms in the masonry
surface and coatings. It is highly water
repellent and anchors firmly to the
substrate.
Natural beading effect
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Non-impregnated heavy clay products:
water penetrates from the outside,
and alkalis, salts and dirt are deposited
on the surface.
Open-pored impregnation with SILRES:
the stable silicone resin network causes
water to run off while still allowing water
vapor to escape.
Watervapor
Salts
Salts
Salts
Dirt
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SILICONE IMPREGNATION:
WEATHERPROOFING BY DIPPING
AND SPRAYING
With SILRES
, almost any heavyclay construction materials can be
weatherproofed. Silicone impregna-
tion can be applied by either dipping
or spraying.
Durable Roof TilesRoof tiles can be impregnated with
SILRES to protect against efflores-
cence, dirt and moss. This makes them
much more durable. The tiles taken
directly from the kiln at about 30 C are
dipped in SILRES BS 16. To obtain the
required penetration depth of 3 4 mm,
dipping should take from 15 seconds
to 5 minutes, depending on the porosity
of the clay tile.
Attractive FacadesSILRES-treated facing bricks remain
clean in the long term. Mortar residues
can be easily removed, while efflores-
cence and soiling are prevented, and
algal attack is delayed. The best method
is to spray the stretcher and header sur-
faces with SILRES BS 16 immediately
after firing until the impregnating agent
has penetrated to a depth of about
34mm.
SILRES by sprayingSILRES by dipping
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Clean Floor SlabsUnsintered, unglazed floor slabs are
highly susceptible to efflorescence of
internal or external salts. Spray impreg-
nation with SILRES BS 16 to a depth
of 3 5 mm prevents this in the long
term and facilitates cleaning. Special
WACKER products are available for
additional easy-care treatment.
Protection of Plant PotsPlant pots can undergo unsightly efflores-
cence of salts contained in the clay,
water or plant food. SILRES prevents
encrusted deposits, making cleaning
unnecessary. Impregnation can be carried
out by dipping or spraying.
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For optimum effectiveness in theimpregnation of heavy clay ceramics
with SILRES BS 16, the solution
strength and dip time must be opti-
mized for the individual production
conditions.
Correct DilutionTo obtain the best water repellency,
it is important always to use SILRES
in the correct strength. Dilution should
therefore be carried out according to
the clay composition and absorbency of
the product. If the concentration is too
low, water absorption is impaired. If the
concentration is too high, the potassium
carbonate by-product is deposited on
the ceramic surface. In tests, a strength
of 1: 65 has proven effective as a start-
ing point (1kg SILRES in 65 kg water).
Fast Drying
For uniform impregnation, the treated
heavy clay product should be dried by
means of infrared radiators or CO2-rich
exhaust air from the kiln. The higher the
temperature and CO2-content, the faster
the protective silicone resin network
develops. Detailed information about use
of SILRES is available from the product
data sheets and product overview,
which are available on request or can
be downloaded via the internet at:www.wacker.com/Silicones.
WATER REPELLENT TREATMENT:
INDIVIDUALLY TAILORED FOR OPTIMUM
EFFICIENCY
Water absorption of roof tiles acc. to DIN 52252: the rate at which the water-repellent agent
forms depends on the temperature and can be increased by raising the drying temperature.
SILRES BS 16
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.5 1 2 3 4
Drying time [hours]
Waterabsorpt
ion[wt.%]
40C
60C
80C
Easy to UseSILRES BS 16 is a concentrated,
aqueous potassium methyl siliconate,
which is diluted with water and then
applied to the ceramic by spraying or
dipping. It reacts with atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) to form polymethyl silicate.
This active substance forms the water-
repellent silicone resin network. The rate
at which this process occurs depends
on the clay composition, drying temper-
ature and ventilation.
Suitable Clay Grades
The ease with which heavy clay products
can be impregnated depends on their
absorbency and alkalinity. The fired clay
should not have a pH higher than 8.
The proportion of free lime must not be
too high, since it absorbs the water
from the impregnation agent, expands
and exerts a pressure in its vicinity.
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To determine how SILRES
impreg-nation can be optimized to the heavy
clay product, a few simple tests
should be carried out. It is essential
to maintain and continually check
the set values, since the conditions
and clay quality can fluctuate.
Checking the pHThe pH of the clay must be regularly
checked as follows: finely grind 100g of
the ceramic product, take 30 g of the
powder and form a slurry in 50 g distilled
water, and close with an airtight seal.
After two days, determine the pH of the
supernatant liquid.
Testing Penetration Depth
For long-term effectiveness, the impreg-
nating agent must penetrate 3 5 mm
into the ceramic. First test version:
break the ceramic 10 20 minutes after
impregnation. The wet penetration depth
appears as a darker, moist zone. Second
test version: break the impregnated
product when it is dry. When the fracture
surface is wetted, the impregnated zone
remains dry and light colored, while
the untreated zone absorbs water and
appears darker.
Measuring the Solution StrengthThe solution strength can be checked
by titration against hydrochloric acid.
If it is too strong, water should be added.
If the solution is too weak more SILRES
should be added.
Checking the Impregnation Effect
Once the silicone resin network has
formed, the water-repellent effect can
be checked by immersing the brick in
water for 24 hours. Weigh the brick
and immerse it in water. The water level
must be 5 cm above the top of the brick.
After 24 hours, weigh the brick again.
The difference between this weight and
the dry weight in % gives the water
absorption. We recommend using control
charts to allow continuous production
monitoring.
PROCESSING:
SIMPLE TESTS FOR SUCCESS
Dependence of the impregnation effect of SILRES BS 16
on solution strength
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1:50
1:75
1:100
1:125
1:150
Waterabsor
ption[p.b.w.]
Testing the solution strength of SILRES BS 16
SILRES BS 16 SILRES BS 16
Test time at room temperature [hours] Consumption of 0.1 n HCI after dilution [ml]
2421 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 10 20 30 40 50 60
1:65
1:98
1:130
ohnep.b.w
p.b.v
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CUSTOMER ORIENTATION IS OUR
BASIS FOR INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS
More InformationThis brochure has shown you how
much SILRES can do for hydrophobic
treatment of heavy clay products. To
find out more about SILRES technical
data, ask for our product data sheets.
WACKER SILICONES can, of course,
offer far more in the field of masonry
protection with silicones. For our com-
plete range in this area, see our product
overview. We will be glad to send you
a copy on request. Or just visit us on
the internet at www.wacker.com.
Individual ServiceIndividual challenges require individual
solutions. That is why our technical
service engineers are here for you in
person. They understand your produc-
tion flows and requirements as well as
our products and their wide range of
talents. With this background, we can
draw up exactly the solution you need.
Just call us. We will be glad to help
you, wherever you are located.
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CREATING TOMORROWS SOLUTIONS
WACKER AT A GLANCE
Siltronicis one of the worlds leading producers of
hyperpure silicon wafers, supplying several
major chip manufacturers. Siltronic develops
and supplies wafers up to 300 mm in diame-
ter at facilities in Europe, the USA, Asia and
Japan. Wafers made from hyperpure silicon
form the basis of state-of-the-art microelec-
tronics used, for example, in computers,
telecommunications, motor vehicles, medical
technology, consumer electronics and control
systems.
WACKER SILICONES
is one of the worlds leading silicone produc-
ers. With a portfolio of over 2,000 products,
this division is number one in many global
markets. Silicones are the basis for materials
offering highly diverse product properties
for virtually unlimited applications. These are
found in a broad range of industries from
the automotive, construction and chemical
sectors, through electrical engineering, elec-
tronics, cosmetics, consumer care, pulp and
paper, and textiles, to mechanical engineering
and metal processing.
WACKERis a technology leader in the chemical and
electrochemical industries, as well as an
innovative global partner for its customers
in key sectors worldwide. Our portfolio
mix focuses on semiconductor technology,
silicone chemistry and specialty chemicals.
With some15,600 employees,WACKER
generates annual sales of around EUR 2.5
billion. Germany accounts for over
20 % of sales, Europe (excluding Germany)
for over 30 %, North America (NAFTA) for
approximately 25% and Asia Pacific +
ROW for almost 20 %. Headquartered in
Munich, Germany, WACKER has 22 pro-
duction sites worldwide and a global sales
network of over 100 subsidiaries and sales
offices.
With R&D spending at almost 6% and cap-
ital expenditures at 13% of sales, WACKER
is among the top research companies
worldwide.
WACKER SPECIALTIESis the global leader for high-quality binders
and polymer additives. Products such as re-
dispersible powders, dispersions, solid resins,
powder binders and surface coating resins
are used in the construction, automotive, and
paints and coatings industries, as well as by
manufacturers of printing inks. Additionally,
this division has expertise as a provider of
customized fine-chemical and biotechnology
solutions, including building blocks for syn-
theses in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and
agrochemical industries.
WACKER POLYSILICON
has been producing hyperpure silicon for the
semiconductor and photovoltaics industries
for over 50 years. As one of the largest global
manufacturers of polycrystalline silicon,
WACKER POLYSILICON supplies leading
wafer and solar-cell manufacturers.
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6064/11.
04
S I L I C O N E S
Wacker-Chemie GmbH
Hanns-Seidel-Platz 481737 Mnchen
www.wacker.com/silres
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