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Internal
OWA200003WCDMA Radio Interface
Physical Layer
ISSUE 1.0
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The physical layer offers data transport
services to higher layers.
The access to these services is through the
use of transport channels via the MAC sub-
layer.
The physical layer is expected to perform the
following functions in order to provide the
data transport service,for exampleModulation and spreading/demodulation and
despreading, Inner - loop power control ..ect.
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References
l TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio
Transmission and Reception
l TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
l TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of
transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)
l TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding
(FDD)
l TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
l TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
l TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2
l TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Acces
(HSDPA) - Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects
l TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High
Speed Downlink Packet Access
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l Upon completion of this course, you
will be able to:
[ Understand radio interface
protocol Architecture
[ Understand key technology of
UMTS physical layer
[ Understand UMTS physical layer
procedures
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
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UTRAN Protocol Structure
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
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Radio Interface Protocol Structure
L3
contr
ol
co
ntrol
co
ntrol
contr
ol
LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLC
RLCRLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
RadioBearers
RRC
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Data Processing at Physical Layer
Data from MAC LayerTB
Channel coding andmultiplexing
Spreading andmodulation
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Spreading Technology
l Spreading consists of 2 steps
[ Channelization operationwhich transforms data symbols into chips.Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per datasymbol is called the Spreading FactorSF.The operation is done bymultiplying with OVSF code.
[ Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .
Data bit
OVSFcode
Scrambling
code
Chips after
spreading
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Channelization Code
l OVSF code is used as channelization code
l The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is
the spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 k SF-1.
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
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Scrambling Code
l Scrambling codeGOLD sequence.
l Scrambling code period : 10ms ,or 38400 chips.
l The code used for scrambling of the uplink
DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long or short type,There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling
codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by
higher layers.
l For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 =
262,143 scrambling codes can be generated.
scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
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Scrambling
codes for
downlink
physicalchannels
Set 0
Set 1
Set 511
Primaryscrambling code 0
Secondaryscrambling code 1
Secondaryscrambling code 15
Primaryscrambling code
511 16
Secondaryscrambling code
511 16 15
8192 scramblingcodes
512 sets
Primary Scrambling Code
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are
included in a set.
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Primary Scrambling Code Group
Primaryscramblingcodes for
downlinkphysicalchannels
Group 0
Primaryscrambling code 0
Primaryscrambling code
8*63
Primaryscrambling code
63*8 7
512 primaryscrambling codes
Group 1
Group 63
Primaryscrambling code 1
Primary scramblingcode 15
64 primary scramblingcode groups
Each group consists of 8primary scrambling codes
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
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Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Section 1 Physical ChannelSection 1 Physical Channel
Structure and FunctionsStructure and Functions
Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping
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WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels
l In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has three
channels: Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.
l Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the types
of the carried services, it is divided into two types: Control channel and
service channel.l Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 and
physical layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by the
physical layer. According to whether the information transported is
dedicated information for a user or common information for all users, it
is divided into dedicated channel and common channel.
l Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds ofinformation when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind of
channel which uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading code
and scramble) and carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as a
dedicated channel.
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Control channel
Traffic channel
Dedicated traffic channel DTCH
Common traffic channel CTCH
Broadcast control channel BCCH
Paging control channel PCCH
Dedicate control channel DCCHCommon control channel (CCCH
logical channel
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Dedicated Channel (DCH)
-The Dedicated Channel (DCH) is an
uplink or downlink channel.
Broadcast channel (BCH)
Forward access channel (FACH)
Paging channel (PCH)
Random access channel (RACH)
Common transport
channel
Dedicated transport
channel
Transport channel
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Physical Channel
l A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency,
code (scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
l In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or
spreading code) can distinguish the channels.
l Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and
each radio frame consists of 15 time slots.
l Two types of physical channel:UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency,code,phase
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Downlink Physical Channel
l Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
[ (Downlink DPCH)
l Downlink Common Physical Channel
[ Common Control Physical Channel(CCPCH)
[Synchronization Channel (SCH)
[ Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
[ Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
[ Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
DownlinkPhysical Channel
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Uplink Physical Channel
l Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
[ Uplink Dedicated Physical Data
Channel (Uplink DPDCH)
[ Uplink Dedicated Physical ControlChannel (Uplink DPCCH)
l
Uplink Common Physical Channel[ Physical Random Access Channel
(PRACH)
Uplink PhysicalChannel
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Function of physical channel
Node B UE
P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel
SCH- Synchronisation Channel
P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel
SCH- Synchronisation Channel
P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channel
S-CPICH-secondary common pilot channel
P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channelS-CPICH-secondary common pilot channel
Cell broadcast channels
DPDCH-dedicated physical data channelDPDCH-dedicated physical data channel
DPCCH-dedicated physical control channelDPCCH-dedicated physical control channel
Dedicated channels
Paging channels
PICH-paging Indicator ChannelPICH-paging Indicator Channel
S-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channelS-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channel
PRACH-Physical random access channelPRACH-Physical random access channel
AICH-Acquisition Indicator ChannelAICH-Acquisition Indicator Channel
Random access channels
HS-DPCCH-High speed dedicated physical control channelHS-DPCCH-High speed dedicated physical control channel
HS-SCCH-High speed share control channelHS-SCCH-High speed share control channel
HS-PDSCH-High speed physical downlink share channelHS-PDSCH-High speed physical downlink share channel
High speed downlink share channels
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Synchronization Channel (SCH)
l Used for cell search
l Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH.
l SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chipsof every time slot.
l PSC is transmitted repeatedly in eachtime slot.
l SSC specifies the scrambling codegroups of the cell.
l SSC is chosen from a set of 16different codes of length 256, thereare altogether 64 primary scramblingcode groups.
PrimarySCH
Secondary
SCH
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
acsi,0
pac pac pac
acsi,1 acsi,14
256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
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Common Pilot Channel(CPICH)
l Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
l Carries pre-defined sequence.
l Fixed rate 30Kbps SF=256
l The CPICH uses the same channel and scrambling code but
different sequences in the case transmit diversity is used on
downlink channel
slot #1
Frame#i+1Frame#i
slot #14
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
-A -A A A -A -A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -AAntenna 2
Antenna 1
slot #0
Frame Boundary
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Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
l Primary CPICH
[ Uses the same channel code--Cch, 256,0
[ Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
[ Only one CPICH per cell
[ Broadcast over the entire cell[ The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH.
By default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.
l Secondary CPICH
[ An arbitrary channel code of SF=256 is used for S-CPICH
[ S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code
[ There may be zero, one , or several secondary CPICH.
[ S-CPICH may be transmitted over part of the cell
[ S-CPICH may be a phase reference for S-CCPCH and downlink DPCH.
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)
l Fixed rate30kbpsSF=256l Carry BCH transport channel
l The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips ofeach time slot.
l Only data part
l STTD transmit diversity may be used
Data
18 bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tf
= 10 ms
256 chips
Tslot
= 2560 chips,20 bits
(Tx OFF)
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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)l PICH is a fixed-rate(SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).
l PICH is always associated with an S-CCPCH to which a PCH transport channel is mapped.
l Frame structure of PICHone frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits are used to
carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined.
l N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.
l If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with this paging
indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.
One radio frame (10 ms)
b1b0
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
b287 b288 b299
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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)
l Carry FACH and PCH.l Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or withoutTFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI shouldbe transmitted, UE must support TFCI.
l Possible rates are the same as that ofdownlink DPCH
l SF =256 - 4.
l FACH and PCH can be mapped to thesame or separate SCCPCHs. Ifmapped to the same S-CCPCH, theycan be mapped to the same fame.
Data
N bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tf
= 10 ms
T slot = 2560 chips,
Data
Pilot
N bitsPilotN bits
TFCI
TFCI
20*2k bits (k=0..6)
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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
l The random-access transmission data consists
of two parts:
[ One or several preambleseach preambleis of length 4096chips and consists of 256
repetitions of a signature whose length is
16 chips16 available signatures totally
[ 10 or 20ms message part
[ Which signature is available and the length
of message part are determined by higher
layer
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PRACH Transmission Structure
Message partPreamble
4096 chips 10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble Preamble
Message partPreamble
4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble Preamble
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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
5120 chips
radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms
Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission
Access slot #1
Access slot #7
Access slot #14
Random Access Transmission
Random Access Transmission
Random Access TransmissionAccess slot #8
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PRACH Message Structure
Pilot
N bits
Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14
Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2
Pilot
TFCI
N bitsTFCI
Data
Ndata
bitsData
Control
kbits (k=0..3)
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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
l Frame structure of AICHtwo frames, 20 msconsists of a repeated
sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).
Each time slot consists of two partsan Acquisition-Indicator(AI) and a
part of duration 1024chips with no transmission.
l Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.
l CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39
AI part Unused part
20 ms
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
l DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio
frame
l DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer
l DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1l Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time
slot consists of 2560 chips
l The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256
l The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in
the same Layer 1 connection
l Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCIFBITPC
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Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Pilot
Npilot bits
TPC
NTPC bits
DataNdatabits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
DPDCH
DPCCH
FBI
NFBI bits
TFCI
NTFCI bits
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Functions of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
DCH Data
DPDCHDPDCH
DPCCHDPCCH
Provide control data for DPDCH,such as demodulation, power control, etc
Data bearerData bearerat physical layerat physical layer
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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
l DCH consists of dedicated data and control information.
l Control information includesPilotTPCTFCI(optional).
l The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be
changed during connectionl DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed.
l Multi-code transmission within one CCTrCH uses the same
spreading factor. In this case, the DPCH control information is
transmitted only on the first downlink DPCH.
l Different CCTrCH can use different spreading factors in thecase there are several CCTrCHs for one UE. In this case
information of only one DPCCH needs to be transmitted.
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Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2kbits (k=0..7)
Data2
Ndata2 bits
DPDCH
TFCI
NTFCI bits
Pilot
Npilot bits
Data1
Ndata1 bits
DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH
TPC
NTPC bits
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DCH data
DPDCHDPDCH
DPCCHDPCCH
Provide control data for DPDCH ,such as demodulation, power control,etc.
Data bearerData bearer
at physical layerat physical layer
DCH data
Functions of Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH
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Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Section 1 Physical ChannelSection 1 Physical Channel
Structure and FunctionsStructure and Functions
Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping
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{XOR}
TransportChannels
(L1 CharacteristicsDependent) PCH BCH FACH RACH DCH
S-CCPCHP-CCPCHPhysical
ChannelsPRACH DPDCH
Logical Channels
(Data Dependent)PCCH
DCCH
DTCH
DecicatedLogicalChannel
CipherOn
BCCH CCCH CTCH
Higher Layerdata
PagingPaging
SystemInfoSystem
InfoSignaling
Signaling
CellBroadcast
Service
CellBroadcast
Service
Signalingand
User data
Signalingand
User data
DTCHDTCH
Channel Mapping
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
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Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology
Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology
Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology
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10 20 40 or 80ms
data
data
data
TrCH-i
data CRC data CRC data CRC
data CRC data CRC data CRCd a t aCBL CBL CBL
0 8 16 or 24bits
Size Z
512 Ktail Conventional code
5120 Ktail Turbo code
CedBL CedBL CedBLCoded data Conventional code orTurbo code
Rate matched data
Rate matched data DTX
or
or
Data before 1st interleavingData after 1st interleaved
TrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-ICCTrCHTrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-I DTXCCTrCH
Ph-1 Ph-2 Ph-P
10ms
10msPh-1 Ph-2 Ph-P
TPC TFCI pilot
SpreadingScrambling
TrCH-i+1
data1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2
Radioframe
The number frames 12 4 or 8Radio
frameRadioframe
SpreadingScrambling
SpreadingScrambling
Transport channel multiplexing structure for downlink
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CRC of TB
l Error detection is provided on transport blocks through a Cyclic
Redundancy Check (CRC)
l CRC size is informed by higher layer signal
[ 08121624(optional)
l If no TB are input, no CRC bits should be attached. If TB are
input with TB SIZE=0,CRC bits shall be also added ,but all
CRC are zero.
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TB Concatenation and Code Block Segmentation
l All transport blocks in a TTI are serially concatenated .
l The maximum size of the code blocks depends on whether
convolutional coding or turbo coding is used for the TrCH .
[ Convolutional code: if TBS SIZE>504,segmented tomultiple code block of the same size.
[ Turbo code:if TBS SIZE>5114, segmented to multiple code
block of the same size.
[ No coding:no segmentation
[ If codes cannot be segmented evenly, fill in 0 bits at the
beginning of the first code block.
[ If the code block length of Turbo code
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Channel coding
l The following channel coding schemes can be applied to TrCHs:
[ Convolutional coding, coding rates 1/3 and 1/2 are defined
[ Turbo coding, The coding rate of Turbo coder is 1/3
[ No coding
l Usage of coding
[ BCHPCH and RACH1/2 Convolutional coding
[ CPCHDCHDSCH and FACH1/2or1/3 Convolutional
coding ,1/3Turbo coding, no coding
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Rate Matching
l Rate matching means that bits on a transport channel are
repeated or punctured.
l The number of bits on a transport channel can vary between
different transmission time intervals(TTI). In the downlink the
transmission is interrupted if the number of bits is lower than
maximum. When the number of bits between different
transmission time intervals in uplink is changed, bits are
repeated or punctured to ensure that the total bit rate after
TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate of theallocated dedicated physical channels.
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Interleaving
l Functionreduce the influence of fast fading.
l Two kinds of interleaving1st interleaving and 2nd
interleaving
[ The length of 1st interleaving is TTI of TrCH, 1st
interleaving is a inter-frame interleaving
[ The length of 2nd interleaving is a physical frame , 2nd
interleaving is a intra-frame interleaving.
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Radio Frame Segmentation
l When the transmission time interval is longer than 10 ms, the
input bit sequence is segmented and mapped onto consecutive
Fi radio frames.
l Following radio frame size equalisation in the UL the input bit
sequence length is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
l Following rate matching in the DL the input bit sequence length
is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
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Multiplexing of TrCH
l Every 10 ms, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to
the TrCH multiplexing. These radio frames are serially
multiplexed into a coded composite transport channel
(CCTrCH)
l The format of CCTrCH is indicated by TFCI
l TrCH can have different TTI before multiplexing
l 2 types of CCTrCH:Common and dedicated
[ Common CCTrCH should be multiplexed by common TrCH;
[ Dedicated CCTrCH should be multiplexed by dedicated
TrCH
l There is only one CCTrCH in uplink and one or several
CCTrCH in downlink for one user
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Insertion of discontinuous transmission (DTX)
indication bits
l In the downlink, DTX is used to fill up the radio frame with bits.
l DTX indication bits only indicate when the transmission should
be turned off, they are not transmitted.
l 1st insertion of DTX indication bits
[ This step of inserting DTX indication bits is used only if the
positions of the TrCHs in the radio frame are fixed
l 2nd insertion of DTX indication bits
[ The DTX indication bits inserted in this step shall be placed
at the end of the radio frame.
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Physical Channel Segmentation and Mapping
l When multiple physical channels are used, one CCTrCH radio frame
can be divided into multiple physical frames multicode transmission
l Each physical channel of multicode transmission must have the same
SF
l DPCCH and DPDCH of uplink physical channel is code multiplexed.
l DPCCH and DPDCH of downlink physical channel is time multiplexed
l Uplink physical channel must be fully filled except when cpmpressed
mode is used
l In downlink, the PhCHs do not need to be completely filled with bits
that are transmitted over the air. Values correspond to DTX indicators,
which are mapped to the DPCCH/DPDCH fields but are not
transmitted over the air.
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Physical Channel Forming Before Spreading
l Each TrCH can carry different service data, several TrCHs can
be multiplexed into a CCTrCH, so WCDMA support several
service share a physical connection.
l CCTrCH mapping to data part of physical channel.
l TFCI,TPC and pilot bits generated at physical layer mapping to
control part of physical channel ,and then spreading and
scrambling, transmitting at air interface at last.
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Example of Coding and Multiplexing
The number of TrChs 3
Transport block size 81, 103, and 60 bits
CRC 12 bits (attached only to TrCh#1)
Coding CC, coding rate = 1/3 for TrCh#1, 2 coding rate =
1/2 for TrCh#3
TTI 20 ms
Transport block size 148 bits
Transport block set size 148 bits
CRC 16 bits
Coding CC, coding rate = 1/3
TTI 40 ms
Parameters for
12.2kb/s AMR speech
Parameters for
3.4kb/s control channel
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Example of Coding and Multiplexing
TrCh#1Transpor t b lock
CRC at tachment
C R C
Tail bi t attachmen t
Convolut ionalcoding R=1/3 , 1 /2
Rate matching
8 1
8 1
3 0 3
Tail
89 3
3 0 3 +N RM 11 st interleaving
1 2
Radio f ramesegmentat ion
#1a
To TrCh M ul t ip lex ing
3 0 3 +N RM 1
N RF 1 = ( 3 0 3 +N RM 1)/ 2
N RF 2 = ( 3 3 3 + N RM 2)/ 2
N RF 3 = ( 1 3 6 + N RM 3)/ 2
#1b
TrCh#2
1 0 3
1 0 3
3 3 3
Tail
81 0 3
3 3 3 +N RM 2
#2a
TrCh#3
6 0
6 0
1 3 6
Tail
86 0
1 3 6 + N RM 3
#3a
1 3 6 +N RM 3
#3b
3 3 3 +N RM 2
#2b
N RF 1 N RF 1 N RF 2 N RF 2 N RF 3 N RF 3
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Example of Coding and Multiplexing(3.4kbps) T r a n s p o r t b l o c k
C R C a t ta c h m e n t
C R C
C o n v o l u t io n a lc o d i n g R = 1 / 3
R a t e m a t c h i n g
1 4 8
1 4 8
5 1 6 * B
T a i l
8 * B
( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B
1s t
i n t e r l e a v i n g
1 6 b i t s
R a d i o f r a m es e g m e n t a ti o n
# 1
[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /
4
T o T r C h M u l ti p le x i n g
( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I
# 2 # 4
T a i l b i t a t ta c h m e n t
1 6 4 * B
# 3
T r B k c o n c a t in a t io n B T r B k s (B = 0 , 1 )
1 6 4 * B
( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I
I n s e r t i o n o f D T Xi n d i c a t i o n *
[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /
4
[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /
4
[ (1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /
4
* I n s e r t i o n o f D T X i n d i c a t i o n i s u s e d o n l y i f th e p o s i ti o n o f t h e T r C H s i n th e r a d i o f r a m e i s f i x e d .
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Example of Coding and Multiplexing
12.2 kbps data 3.4 kbps data
TrCH
multiplexing
30 ksps DPCH
2ndinterleaving
Physical channel
mapping
#1#1a #1c
1 2 15
CFN=4Nslot
Pilot symbol TPC
1 2 15
CFN=4N+1slot
1 2 15
CFN=4N+2slot
1 2 15
CFN=4N+3slot
#1b #2#2a #2c#2b #3#1a #1c#1b #4#2a #2c#2b
#1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1 #2 #3 #4
510 510 510 510
12.2 kbps data
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Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology
Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology
Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology
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Uplink DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading
l The DPCCH is always spread by code cc = Cch,256,0l When only 1 DPDCH exists,(Cd,1 = Cch,SF,k)k=SF/4
l The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either longor short type
I
j
c d ,1 d
S l o n g , n o r S s h o r t , n
I + j Q
D P D C H 1
Q
c d ,3 d
D P D C H 3
c d ,5 d
D P D C H 5
c d ,2 d
D P D C H 2
c d ,4 d
D P D C H4
c d ,6 d
D P D C H 6
c c c
D P C C H
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PRACH Spreading
l Message part is shown in the following figurethe value of
gain factors is the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
ccc
cd d
Sr-msg,n
I+jQ
PRACH message
control part
PRACH message
data partI
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Downlink Spreading
l Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel
converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a
complex-valued scrambling code.
l The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame
boundary of P-CCPCH.
l Each channel have different gain factor
I
Data of
physical
channel
except
SCH
S
P
Cch,SF,m
Sdl,n
Q
I+jQ S
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Downlink Spreading
Different physical
annel come from point S
G1
G2
GP
GS
S-SCH
P-SCH
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Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology
Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology
Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology
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Uplink Modulation
l The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
l In the uplink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by thespreading process is QPSK modulated
S
Im{S}
Re{S}
cos(t)
Complex-valuedsequenceafterspreading
-sin(t)
Splitreal &imagparts
Pulseshaping
Pulse
shaping
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Downlink Modulation
l The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
l In the downlink, the complex-valued chip sequence generatedby the spreading process is QPSK modulated
S
Im{S}
Re{S}
cos(t)
Complex-valuedsequenceafterspreading
-sin(t)
Splitreal &imagparts
Pulseshaping
Pulse
shaping
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Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology
Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology
Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology
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Synchronization ProcedureCell Search
Frame synchronization and
code-group identification
Scrambling-codeidentification
UE uses SSC to find framesynchronization and identify thecode group of the cell found inthe first step
UE determines the primaryscrambling code through correlation
over the CPICH with all codes withinthe identified group, and then detectsthe P-CCPCH and reads BCHinformation
Slot synchronization
UE uses PSC to acquire slotsynchronization to a cell
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Synchronization Procedure Channel Timing Relationship
AICH accessslots
SecondarySCH
PrimarySCH
S-CCPCH,k
10 ms
PICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 0 P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 1
Any CPICH
k:th S -CCPCH
PICH for k:th S -CCPCH
n:th DPCHDPCH,n
Any PDSCH
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Synchronization ProcedureCommon Channe Synchronization
l Common Channel Synchronization
l The following physical channels have the same
frame timing
[ SCH(Primary and secondary)
[ CPICH(Primary and secondary)
[ P-CCPCH
[ PDSCH
l P-CCPCHs radio frame timing is acquired by cellsearchThe P-CCPCH on which the cell SFN is
transmitted is used as timing reference for all the
physical channels
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Random access procedureSTART
Choose a RACH sub channel fromavailable ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble _Initial _Power
Send a preamble
Check the corresponding AI
Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power
Set physical status to be RACHmessage transmitted Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
Choose a access slot again
Counter> 0 && Preamble powermaximum allowed power
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Random Access ProcedureRACH
l Physical random access procedure
[ 1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access
slot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within the
given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones
previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the
selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot correspondingto the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC
from the next access slot set. The random function shall be such
that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal
probability
[ 2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures
within the given ASC.
[ 3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_
Retrans_ Max
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Random Access ProcedureRACH
[ 4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power to
Preamble_Initial_Power
[ 5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot,
signature, and preamble transmission power.
[ 6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor 1)
corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlinkaccess slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot:
A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available
RACH sub-channels within the given ASC;
B: select a signature;
C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power; D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If
the Preamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from
step 6. Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure.
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Random Access ProcedureRACH
[ 7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the
selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot
corresponding to the selected uplink access slot, exit the
physical random access procedure Signature
[ 8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the
selected signature is detected , Transmit the random
access message three or four uplink access slots after the
uplink access slot of the last transmitted preamble
[ 9. exit the physical random access procedure
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Transmit diversity Mode
Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channelApplication of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel
appliedAICH
appliedHS-SCCH
appliedappliedHS-PDSCH
appliedPICH
appliedappliedappliedDPCH
appliedS-CCPCH
appliedSCH
appliedP-CCPCH
Mode 2Mode 1STTDTSTD
Closed loop modeOpen loop modePhysical channel type
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Transmit Diversity-STTD
l Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity(STTD
[ 4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b2 b3 b0 -b1
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Channel bits
STTD encoded channel bits
for antenna 1 and antenna 2.
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Transmit Diversity-TSTD
Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH chaTime switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.nnel.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
ac si,0
acp
acsi,1
acp
acsi,14
acp
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
acsi,2
acp
Slot #2
(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)
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Transmit DiversityClosed Loop Mode
l Closed loop mode transmit diversity
[ Used in DPCH and PDSCH
[ Channel coding, interleaving and spreading are done as in non-
diversity mode. The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TX
antenna branches, and weighted with antenna specific weight
factors w1 and w2.
[ The weight factors are determined by the UE, and signalled to the
UTRAN access point (=cell transceiver) using the D-bits of the FBI
field of uplink DPCCH.
[ The calculation of weight factor is the key point of closed loop Tx
diversity.there are two modes with different calculation methods of
weight factor
1mode 1 uses phase adjustmentthe dedicated pilot
symbols of two antennas are different(orthogonal)
2mode 2 uses phase/amplitude adjustment the dedicated
pilot symbols of two antennas are the same.PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.fineprint.com
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