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ISSUEISSUE
OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution Indoor Distribution
System DesignSystem Design
OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution Indoor Distribution
System DesignSystem Design
1.11.1
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ObjectivesObjectives
To introduce an general Idea on Design
Process for Indoor Distribution System
To provide Some typical solutions for
indoor distribution system
To know how to select equipment type
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OutlineOutline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Why We need indoor Distribution System?Why We need indoor Distribution System?
Coverage Problems Outdoor macro cell cannot satisfy indoor coverage
High penetration loss
RSCP ( less than -95dBm ) Jumeira Beach Hotel
Burj Al Arab Hotel.
Capacity Problems Most of the calls: indoor calls Heavy traffic: some special buildings Outdoor macro cells cannot meet the indoor capacit
y requirement DWTC: GITEX.
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Why We need indoor Distribution System?Why We need indoor Distribution System?
RSCP > -85dB: 10%
RSCP > -95dB: 25%
RSCP > -105dB: 70%
For example: Burj Al Arab Hotel, 27th floor
outdoor macro cell: SC154
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Why We need indoor Distribution System?Why We need indoor Distribution System?
RSCP > -85dB: 5%
RSCP > -95dB: 24%
RSCP > -105dB: 64%
For example: Jumeira Beach Hotel, 8th flooroutdoor macro cell: SC152
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OutlineOutline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Indoor Coverage Scenarios (1)Indoor Coverage Scenarios (1)
High Traffic Density Capacity requirement
Provide both indoor and outdoor coverage
Signal Source for Indoor Distribution System Outdoor macro NodeB RRU
Rooms: large and high Wall-mounted directional antenna Ceiling-mounted omni antenna
Airports / Stations / HarborsAirports / Stations / Harbors
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Indoor Coverage Scenarios (2)Indoor Coverage Scenarios (2)
Very High Traffic only when … Exhibitions/Conferences/Games take place Example: DWTC
Sufficient margin should be provided in Capacity dimensioning
most of time: low traffic
Good coverage for data services is required
Exhibitions Centre / Conference Centre / GymnasiumsExhibitions Centre / Conference Centre / Gymnasiums
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Indoor Coverage Scenarios (3)Indoor Coverage Scenarios (3)
Main service: voice service
High traffic at peak hours
Shopping Centre / SupermarketsShopping Centre / Supermarkets
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Indoor Coverage Scenarios (4)Indoor Coverage Scenarios (4)
More High-end subscribers Provide Good coverage for data services
Heavier Traffic on lower stories Consider Capacity Margin Antenna Quantity and Locations
Usual solution: Indoor Distribution System
Commercial Office Buildings / HotelsCommercial Office Buildings / Hotels
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OutlineOutline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Preparation
Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning
Indoor Distribution System Solution
Indoor Verification Test
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Design Preparation: Step 1Design Preparation: Step 1
Step 1: Coverage Target Analysis Coverage Range
Rough Coverage Range
Coverage Requirement of the network
Area coverage probability requirement
Capacity Requirement of the network
How many subscribers
Cell load
Investment Scale of the Project
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Design Preparation: Step 2Design Preparation: Step 2
Step 2: Survey on the outdoor cell Coverage Outdoor cells may interference the indoor distribution system
Pilot pollution may occur
More serious interference in higher stories
necessary to carry out indoor signal test
signal strength and distributions in the building
Stories Selection for Test: Suggestion
1~2 stories for the lower part of the building
1~2 stories for the middle part of the building
1~2 stories for the upper part of the building
Drive Test Tools
e.g. Agilent 6474A device
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Design Preparation: Step 3Design Preparation: Step 3
Step 3: Preparation of Building Drawings Obtain Building Drawings
Coverage Target Storey
Plan Drawing
Elevation Drawing
Strong and Weak Electric Wells
Existing Transmission in the building
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Design Preparation: Step 4Design Preparation: Step 4
Step 4: Indoor Survey of the Building Collect enough information for indoor distribution system
Determine the exact coverage range
Identify Coverage Requirement for different storey
Take enough digital Photographs
Indoor details and Building Profile
Identify building materials, thickness of floor / ceiling / wall
Estimate the penetration loss
check Obtainable transmission, power supply, cable resource,
and requirements from building management
Check if GSM/CDMA indoor distribution system already exists
WCDMA will probably share the same indoor distribution system
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Design Preparation: Step 5Design Preparation: Step 5
Step 5: Indoor CW Test Obtain indoor propagation characteristics
Correct indoor propagation model (if possible)
Estimate the penetration loss
Inner partition walls
Floors and ceilings
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Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Preparation
Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning
Indoor Distribution System Solution
Indoor Verification Test
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Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (1)Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (1)
Indoor Propagation Model: Keenan-Motley model
PL(d0) is free space loss at the d0 distance;
d is the distance between transmitter and receiver;
d0 is the reference distance; (normally d0 is 1m);
n is the average path loss attenuation exponents;
Kfi stands for the number of the floors of type i;
Kwj stands for the number of the walls of type j;
Lfi stands for the penetration loss of the floor of type i;
Lwj stands for the penetration loss of wall of type i;
a : linear penetration loss factor. typical value 0.2dB/m
d1: breakpoint. Typical value is 65m.
0 032.45[dB] 20 lg [km] [MHz]PL d d f
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Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (2)Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (2)
Indoor Propagation Path Loss
f=2000MHz, d=1m
Path loss = 38 dB
f=2000MHz, d=30m
Path loss = 80 dB
f=2000MHz, d=60m
Path loss =88 dB
f=2000MHz, d=80m
Path loss = 92 dB
Note: assume path loss attenuation exponent is 2.8
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Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (3)Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (3)
Uplink CS12.2 CS64 PS64 PS128 PS144 PS384
Max Power of UE 21 21 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00
Atenna Gain of UE 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NF of NodeB Rx 2.2 2.2 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20
bit rate of service 12.2 64 64 128 144 384
EbvsNo in UL 5.4 2.7 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.6
Sensitivity in UL -125.54 -121.04 -121.34 -118.83 -118.32 -114.36
UL loading 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50%
noise rise 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01
SHO Gain 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
fast fading margin 2.31 3.14 3.14 3.38 3.38 3.65
max CL in UL 142.72 137.39 137.69 134.94 134.43 130.20
PL_CL - PL_DL 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
max CL in DL 144.09 138.76 139.06 136.31 135.80 131.57
GSM1800 BCCH TxPwr 43 43 43 43 43 43
Combiner/Diplexer Loss 1 1 1 1 1 1
Frequency Correction Loss (feeder) 2 2 2 2 2 2
Outdoor Interference Margin 10 10 10 10 10 10
Min. Required RxLev Threshold -88.09 -82.76 -83.06 -80.31 -79.80 -75.57
3G Shares GSM DAS: GSM1800 BCCH3G Shares GSM DAS: GSM1800 BCCH
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Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (4)Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (4)
Capacity Dimensioning Choose appropriate signal resource
Macro NodeB
Micro NodeB
RRU Different power and base band resource The basic capacity formula
refer to dimensioning training material
Indoor cells can support more users than outdoor macro
Interference from other cell: smaller
Non-orthogonal factor: smaller
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Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Preparation
Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning
Indoor Distribution System Solution
Indoor Verification Test
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Indoor Distribution System Solution (1)Indoor Distribution System Solution (1)
Antenna layout diagram for each floor
Determine Antenna Quantity
Determine Antenna Installation Location
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Indoor Distribution System Solution (2)Indoor Distribution System Solution (2)
Estimate Transmit Power from each Antenna
Example
Passive Distribution System
BTS Output Power: 5W
7/8” Cables
1/2 Power Splitter
Ceil-mounted Omni Antenna
Each Floor: two Antennas
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Indoor Distribution System Solution (3)Indoor Distribution System Solution (3)
Estimate transmit power from each antenna
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Indoor Distribution System Solution (4)Indoor Distribution System Solution (4)
Detailed Network Topology Diagram
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Indoor Distribution System Solution (5)Indoor Distribution System Solution (5)
Detailed Cabling Diagram
Vertical View and Plan Layout
Indicate Feeder Cable Length
Splitters Location
Couplers Location
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Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Design Preparation
Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning
Indoor Distribution System Solution
Indoor Verification Test
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Indoor Verification TestIndoor Verification Test
To Guarantee the indoor signal quality
Install antennas in the right positions
Make sure each antenna transmits continuous
waves as the expected power level
Choose enough test points and make signal power
level test
Make indoor drive test if possible
Analyze the test data and check if the design meets
the coverage requirements
If not, take measures to improve the design
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OutlineOutline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Equipment Type SelectionEquipment Type Selection
Equipments Type
Signal Source Equipment Type
Feeder Cable Type
Indoor Antenna Type
Splitter Type
Coupler Type
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Equipment Type Selection: Signal SourceEquipment Type Selection: Signal Source
Signal Source Equipment Type
macro NodeB
micro NodeB
RRU
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Equipment Type Selection: Feeder CableEquipment Type Selection: Feeder Cable
Feeder Cable Type
Feeder Cable Loss
7/8” cable feeder: 6.1dB/100m
1/2” cable feeder: 10.7dB/100m
Construction Feasibility
Minimum curvature radius requirement
25.4cm for 7/8” cable feeder
12.7cm for 1/2” cable feeder
Burning Point Requirement
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Equipment Type Selection: Indoor Antenna (1)Equipment Type Selection: Indoor Antenna (1)
Some restrictions for indoor antenna
Short distance coverage
Transmit power restriction
Installation space restriction
Vision pollution restriction
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Equipment Type Selection: Indoor antenna (2)Equipment Type Selection: Indoor antenna (2)
Indoor Antenna Types
Omni antenna
Ceiling-mounted omni antenna
Bar-type omni antenna
Directional Antenna
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Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna (1)
Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna (1)
Basic Requirement for Omni Antenna
Spectrum Range: 800M~2500MHz
Gain: 2dBi
Horizontal beam width: 360
Vertical beam width: 90
Polarization: vertical polarization
VSWR: less than 1.5
Down tilt: no
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Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna (2)
Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna (2)
Some Existing Omni Antenna Types
KATHREIN
Type: 80010137
Frequency Range: 876-960/1710-2500MHz
Polarization: vertical polarization
Gain: 2 dBi
DECIBEL
Type: DB784SM5N-SY Db Diamond
Frequency Range: 806-2200MHz
Polarization: vertical polarization
Gain: 2.1 dBi
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Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (1)Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (1)
Basic Requirements for Directional Antenna
Spectrum Range: 800M~2200MHz
Gain: 7 dBi
Horizontal beam width: 90
Vertical beam width: 60
Polarization: vertical polarization
Front-to-back ratio: > 20 dB
VSWR: < 1.5
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Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (2)Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (2)
Some Existing Directional Antenna Types
KATHREIN
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Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (3)Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (3)
Some Existing Directional Antenna Types
ANDREW
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Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (4)Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (4)
High Gain Directional Antenna Types
KATHREIN
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Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (1)Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (1)
Splitter Type
Performance parameters
Bandwidth Requirements
Isolation Requirements
1/2 splitter
1/3 splitter
1/4 splitter
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Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (2)Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (2)
KATHREIN Splitter
TYPE
Output Ports
Attenuation
Insertion loss
Inter-modulation
Freq. Range
VSWR
K737303
2
3 dB
<0.05dB
<-150dBC
800-2200MHz
<1.5
K737305
3
4.8 dB
<0.05dB
<-150dBC
800-2200MHz
<1.5
K737307
4
6 dB
<0.05dB
<-150dBC
800-2200MHz
<1.5
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Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (1)Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (1)
Coupler Type
Performance parameters
Bandwidth Requirements
Isolation Requirements
7 dB coupler
10 dB coupler
15 dB coupler
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Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (2)Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (2)
KATHREIN Coupler
TYPE
Attenuation
Insertion loss
inter-modulation
Freq. Range
VSWR
K63236061
7 / 1.0dB
<0.05dB
<-150dBC
800-2200MHz
<1.5
K63236101
10.4 / 0.4 dB
<0.05dB
<-150dBC
800-2200MHz
<1.5
K63236151
15.1 / 0.1dB
<0.05dB
<-150dBC
800-2200MHz
<1.5
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Equipment Type SelectionComparison between splitter & coupler
Equipment Type SelectionComparison between splitter & coupler
Splitter
Equal Power Distribution
Coupler
Non-equal Power Distribution
Splitter Better for antennas in the same floor
Coupler Better for antennas in different floors
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OutlineOutline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Some Typical Solutions (1)Some Typical Solutions (1)
DAS:DistributedAntennaSystem
Micro BTSE1/STM-1 cascade
Indoor
Antenna
Signal source: micro NodeBSignal source: micro NodeB
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Some Typical Solutions (2)Some Typical Solutions (2)
RRU:RemoteRadioUnit
BTS 3812
Softer H/O area
f1f0
BTS 3812
Softer H/O area
f1f0
Digital signal transmitted by optical , NO receive sensibility and power LOSS
Signal source: nearby macro NodeB + RRUSignal source: nearby macro NodeB + RRU
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Some Typical Solutions (3)Some Typical Solutions (3)
RRU
Indoor DAS is available
Indoor DAS not available;
covered by antennas directly
covered by RRU
Signal source: macro NodeB + RRUSignal source: macro NodeB + RRU
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OutlineOutline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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List of Materials & Cost EstimationList of Materials & Cost Estimation
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OutlineOutline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Micro NodeB (1)Micro NodeB (1)
Scenarios for micro NodeB
Indoor Coverage
Medium/Low Traffic Areas
Blind Spots
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Micro NodeB (2)Micro NodeB (2)
Parameters for micro NodeB
Support maximum 2 cells
Transmission: E1 or STM-1
Power supply: AC
Capacity: 64 CE
Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W
Weight: < 55kg
Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)
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RRU (1)RRU (1)
maximum 4 cells can be cascaded
Maximum 100 km for 3 or 4 cascades
Maximum 12 cells
Maximum 2 cells per RRU
2TRX 2TRX
1TRX 1TRX 1TRX 1TRX
1TRX 2TRX 1TRX
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RRU (2)RRU (2)
Parameters for RRU
Support maximum 2 cells
Transmission: Optical Fiber
Power supply: AC
Capacity: 256 CE
Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W
Weight: < 50kg
Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)
Cascade: max 4 cells, max distance 100km
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Comparison: RRU and micro NodeBComparison: RRU and micro NodeB
Handover
RRU: Softer HO between RRU and host NodeB
micro NodeB: Soft HO between micro NodeBs
Capacity
One RRU: maximum 256 CE
One micro NodeB: maximum 64 CE
Transmission
RRU: Optical Fibers
Micro NodeB: E1 or STM-1
O&M
RRU: from host macro NodeB
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