Date post: | 06-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | urban-community-of-practice |
View: | 218 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 24
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
1/24
Mary RacelisAteneo de Manila University
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
2/24
Urban informal settlements in Asia make up
significant proportions of city residents In Asia-Pacific , 1,211,540,000 slum dwellers ,or 43.2% of total urban
population (UN-Habitat 2004/05: 107), or 242,308,000 households
In 2003, proportion of slum dwellers in the urban populationranged from 17% in Thailand to 92% in Nepal (UN Habitat 2004/05,Figure 5.5: 109).
Informal Settlers in selected mega cities: Bangkok 1.2 million (1993);Manila 2.5 million (1998), Jakarta 7 million (2002) (EASRD 2004)
Except for Sub-Saharan Africa at 71.9, Asia has the highest regional
percentage and absolute numbers of urban informal settlers in theworld
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
3/24
Negative views about the urban poor
toward informal settlers in the 1960s haveshifted significantly in more positive
directions today: squatter to citizen
Right to the city Long struggle for secure tenure, on-site residence near
employment, basic services, resettlementcompensation, participation
Urban poor have resisted eviction, especiallyrelocation to distant settlements
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
4/24
Negative to positive: informal economy
View of informal economy as inappropriate to or adrain on modern cities shifting to recognition of itsvitality in Asian cities and its many contributions tothe urban economy
E.g. Hawkers/street vendors; small-scalemanufacturing (doors, windows; sandals etc), services(pedicab drivers, tire repair, tailoring, food stalls,
barbering, etc); tax payments to policemen for space Social capital as peoples key adaptation for survival
and improved lives
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
5/24
Negative to positive: womens roles
Womens capacities as microenterprise managers:
credit, training, access to markets; empowermentAs savers: Community Funds, Savings Funds
Income directly to children and household
Double burden of production and reproduction;gender also means men
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
6/24
Negative to positive shift:
differentiated urban poor populations Recognition of out-of-school youth as a population
needing assistance: scholarships, vocational training,
alternative education to counteract crime and drugs Increasing attention to older people: geriatric health,
burial assistance, pension, income
Childrens participation
Ethnic/religious minorities
Migrants ; disabled
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
7/24
Negative to positive: comprehending
peoples realities and priorities Slow realization by authorities that urban poors highest priority is
employment and shelter location, not houses in distant settlements
Pressure for onsite/near-site detached or two-storey attached units
Resistance to medium and high-rise housing: informal hh earninglimited, amortizations difficult, poverty increases; except for better-off poor, under-the-table resale and return to informal settlement
Increasing value of land in the inner-city and commercial
developers power threaten access to in-city land and housing forthe urban poor
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
8/24
Some reasons
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
9/24
Strong urban poor community organizing Effective planning, implementation, monitoring by the
community; demand-making, negotiating, mobilizingdemands from below, protest rallies and uprisings
NGOs (and some political parties) instrumental informing Peoples Organizations, Homeowners Assns;Urban poor federations; information access
Civil society advocacy to listen to the voices of the poorand to mobilize them for participation
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
10/24
Women as effective urban poor leaders Highest level of motivation: on frontline for child and
family wellbeing
Initially less threatening to authorities than men; goodnegotiating skills
Women-dominated micro-enterprise income as theirsto dispose of increasing their options, capacities and
self-realization Builders of dynamic community links and networks;
social capital
Support to education of girls
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
11/24
NGO/Civil society involvement
NGOs (and some political parties) instrumental informing Peoples Organizations, Homeowners
Associations; Urban poor federations; Coalitions
Global evidence of efficacy and sustainability incommunity-generated initiatives, drawing on indigenousknowledge and local experience; people as stakeholders
Advocacy: listen to the voices of the poor; media support
Academics and post-development social theory
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
12/24
Recognition of the poor as voting constituents:
enhanced accountability, transparency Understanding of local situations; greater chance of
dialogue between community groups and officials;listening to community proposals
Land allocation for social housing -- tenure, location,costs, feasibility, basic services issues
Local government decentralization
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
13/24
Economic incentives from LGU/City (often
with national support) to poor households
Partnerships in labor exchange for government-funded
construction of potable water and drainage systems;health, early childhood, greenhouse and communitycenters; public toilets; classroom repairs, road-paving,energy schemes like methane gas production fromgarbage dumps; waste recycling
Loans and grants for self-help housing improvementand rental schemes; conditional cash transferstargeting
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
14/24
Inclusive governance: participation of community
residents in decision-making and policy formation
Designated seats on local government councils,housing boards and committees on procurement,
land use; women-specific slots Leaders of POs/community organizations/HOAs
running for local political office as village or citycouncilors: accountability to poor constituents
men, women, children, youth, elderly Participation in crafting of City Development Loan
Funds, City Shelter Code, and relevant legislation;Countrywide networks linking city groups
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
15/24
Rapid growth with greater flexibility of
small and medium-sized cities
More land available for social housing
More manageable participatory processes Greater flexibility in devising pro-poor policies than in
large and mega- cities
International donor funding because greater
likelihood of success
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
16/24
Frequency of massive disasters linked to climate
change affecting urban poor most severely
Flooding, tsunami, typhoons/cyclones, earthquakes, firetake their toll in informal settlements, but also show
community resilience and self-mgmt capacity under stress Disaster risk management programs underway generating
greater commitment to and closer contact between localauthorities and people: issues of safety, communication,house rebuilding, reconstructing livelihoods and transport,safety net schemes, community based data acquisition andmonitoring, etc.
HOWEVER, also occasions for officials to justify large-scaleevictions to distant sites, generating community resistance
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
17/24
Private-public-community partnerships
Housing construction: e.g. Habitat for Humanity,
Gawad Kalinga, Church-generated housing (Phil);CODI (Thailand), ACCA/ACHR (15 countries 107+cities; 748 community projects, $5,170,000 for 3 yrs)
Micro-enterprise/income generating programs/
marketing and value chains Health, family planning, nutrition, environment,
waste management, gender empowerment programswith community ideas, labor, time, money
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
18/24
Advice for Government andthe Private Sector
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
19/24
Lessons learned Support community organizing and locally
generated initiatives
Strengthen womens involvement in economic,social, political and environmental spheres;reorient traditional male roles
Welcome NGOs to help communities organize,
network and partner with government in demand-making; revise government audit regulations tofacilitate NGO community involvement
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
20/24
Lessons learned (contd.) Develop pro-poor-friendly governance institutions in local
and national government structures responsive to
community initiatives. Enhance locally-initiated funding schemes but enable
community organizations to gain access to and training inhow to utilize external loans and grant funds (NGO-asstd)
Enlist assistance of academics in participatory research andtechnical support for community-based problemidentification, data collection and analysis; facilitate accessto and training in new electronic and social media use forcommunity action and advocacy
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
21/24
Caveat: Significant breakthroughs for poor peoplehave happened but still far to go
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
22/24
From Asian Coalition for Housing Rights/ACCA Program:
Asian Coalition for Community Action for community
upgrading in 107, now150, Asian cities(Second Yearly Report of ACCA December 2010)
Implemented by people
Based in concrete action
Driven by real needs
Citywide in its scale
Strategic in its planning Done in partnership
Aiming at structural change
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
23/24
Finally, four experienced presenters will bring out these
points in vivid detail at the Breakout Panel to follow:
Mr. Francisco Fernandez, President, Pagtambayayong,
former City Administrator, Cebu City Mr. John Hummel, former tourism network leader, SNV
Asia
Ms Do Thi Thanh Huyen, Country Director, ENDA, Viet
Nam Mr. Omar Saracho Aguilar, Urban Development and
Climate Advisor, Mercy Corps
8/3/2019 Owning the Process: Sustainable Outcomes for Community-based Financing for Livelihood and Commerce
24/24
Aim: create state-society synergy in which publicagencies and mobilized communities co-produceand co-finance for greater equity and sustainable
outcomes (E. Ostrum 1997; P. Evans 2002:21)