Ozone plume formation and Ozone plume formation and impact of environmental impact of environmental
measures in the ESCOMPTE measures in the ESCOMPTE areaarea
I. Coll, F. Lasry, S. Fayet, M. I. Coll, F. Lasry, S. Fayet, M. Samaali and J.L. PoncheSamaali and J.L. Ponche
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling Modelling site : The Berre – Fos – Marseille area on the Mediterranean French coast
Sitedescription
CO emissionsVOC emissionsSecteur d'activité
Production/distribution d'énergie
Industrie/déchets
Résidentiel/tertiaire
Transports routiers
Transports non routiers
Agriculture/sylviculture/nature
Production/distribution energyIndustry wasteRésidential
Road trafficNon-road traffic
Agric/natural sources
Fos-Berre
Marseille
Site of the large ESCOMPTE 3D campaign in
summer 2001
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
- Regional domain 140*140 km2- Horizontal resolution : 4km- Vertical resolution: sigma-P levels- 15 levels from the ground to 3km
Boundary conditions provided by the continental version of CHIMERE
MM5 * version 3.6
- Boundary layer scheme: MRF PBL or Hong-Pan PBL - Microphysic: Schultz, 1995- Radiativ Scheme: Rapid Radiativ Transfer Model- Surface scheme: NOAH Land Surface Model
Two way-nudging = 6 heures *
www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5
O3P+O3->nothing O3P+NO2->NO O1D+M->O3P+M O3+NO->NO2 O3+NO2->NO3 NO+NO3->2*NO2 NO2+NO3->NO+NO2 HO+HONO->NO2 HO+NO3->HO2+NO2. HO+CO->HO2+CO2. HO+CO+M->HO2+CO2+M HO+O3->HO2 HO2+NO->HO+NO2 HNO4+HO->NO2 HO2+O3->HO HO2+HO2->H2O2 HO2+HO2+M->H2O2+M. NO3+HO2->0.8*HO+0.8*NO2+0.2*HNO3.
SAPRC99 *
- 80 species, 33 emitted- 240 reactions
- Detailed radical chemistry- Detailed speciation of
VOC
* Documentation of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism for VOC reactivity assessement
, Carter
Dedicated emission inventory (PRIMEQUAL 2 – PREDIT
Project - MEDD)AIRMARAIX, LPCA
Resolution: 1 and 4 km95 species
15 activity sectors
EMISSIONS DYNAMIC
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
CHEMISTRYPRIMEQUAL MM5
CHIMERE continental
SimulationsScenarios
SAPRC99EMISSIONS DYNAMIC
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
CHEMISTRYDEDICATED. MM5
CHIMERE continental
SimulationsScenarios
SAPRC99ApproachApproach CHIMERE model to study the pollutant CHIMERE model to study the pollutant
evolution evolution Simulation of numerous episodes : 24 days Simulation of numerous episodes : 24 days
(ESCOMPTE IOPs and 2003 heat wave) - Model (ESCOMPTE IOPs and 2003 heat wave) - Model validationvalidation
Oxidant-precursor relationshipOxidant-precursor relationship Prospective scenario aproachProspective scenario aproach
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Model validationModel validation Statistical interpretation by zone Statistical interpretation by zone
Correlation, biasCorrelation, bias (un)paired peak accuracy(un)paired peak accuracy Predicted and missed exceedances, fake alertsPredicted and missed exceedances, fake alerts
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Evaluate ozone productionEvaluate ozone production Characterization of ozone production ratesCharacterization of ozone production rates
07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ozone production is locally fast : up to 40-50 ppbv/hNo more significant ozone production at 14:00 UT
O3 PO3
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Evaluate ozone productionEvaluate ozone production Characterization of ozone production ratesCharacterization of ozone production rates
COV bio COV anthrop
P(O3)+wind COV/NOx
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Determine the importance Determine the importance of coastal specificitiesof coastal specificities
Dynamical impact : nighttime breezesDynamical impact : nighttime breezes
Significant ozone production at seaFurther transport of the plume towards the coast
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
O3 PO3
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
O3 - emission temporal O3 - emission temporal dependance dependance
Emissions involved in ozone production : Emissions involved in ozone production : consequences for emission scenariosconsequences for emission scenarios
… 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time (UT)
Anthropogenic emission tracers transport
Tracer 12 Tracer 14Ozone
Coincidence NO Coincidence
From 14:00 TU : Emissions not included in the ozone plume
LOCAL TIME 16:00 UT
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Ozone dependance upon precurors Ozone dependance upon precurors (1) Sensitivity(1) Sensitivity
ConditionsConditions
NOx_40
COV_40
COV_40: Local impact
NOx_40: Effect at a larger scale
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
(2) Identification of VOC (2) Identification of VOC participation in PO3participation in PO3
Precursors involved in ozone productionPrecursors involved in ozone productionIR=∂[O3]/∂[COVi]
Isoprène
A-pinène
AROMATIC2Ethène
CO
Sources Sources ponctuellesponctuelles
Sources Sources surfaciquessurfaciques
COVCOV 22.422.4 51.951.9COCO 218.4218.4 210.2210.2
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
(3) Exploration of VOC oxidation (3) Exploration of VOC oxidation pathwayspathways
Tracer approach : release of inert species in the chemical scheme in order to follow VOC degradation within the model
• Bring information on the participation of a compound to O3 production
• Not a “destructive approach”
Quantification of ozone production from primary VOC and CO
2D view of areas impacted by VOC and CO oxidation
Comparison of ozone yield from various VOCs
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Ozone production rateOzone production rate
NOT CONCERNED BY
EMISSION REDUCTION
PO3 fromeach species
ALKA ALKE
AROM BIO
CO HCHO
=> 3 ppbv/h
How much does each compound participate in
ozone production rates
?
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Ozone yieldOzone yield
NOT CONCERNED BY
EMISSION REDUCTION
ALKA ALKE
AROM BIO
CO HCHO
O3 produced from each species
How much does each compound participate in
ozone concentrations ?
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
8H
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
9H
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
10H
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
11H
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
12H
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
13H
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
14H
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
15H
COALKENESALKANESC2H4BIOGENICSAROMATICSHCHO
Plume transect studyPlume transect study
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Industrial area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas
TRA
CER
OZO
NE
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(p
pbv)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozo
ne c
once
ntra
tions
(ppb
v)
15HPlot of the quantity of O3 formed from each VOC family along the
track for different hours of the day
Total simulated O3 concentration
WIND DIRECTION
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
(4) Emission scenarios(4) Emission scenarios
2010 (Année cible
réglementaire)
Tendanciel
1999 (Base ESCOMPTE)Pollution de fond
Pointes de
pollution
(Plan de Protection de l’AtmosphèreArrêtés Interpréfectoraux)
Mesures d’urgences en vigueur
2001 (POI Escompte)
2003 (Episode photochimique Août)
Réaliste National
NEC (respect directive)
Réaliste Régional
Mesures d’urgences complémentaires
VolontaristesAnticipées
Sc0 Sc 1, 2 et 3
Sc B Sc A
Sc 4Sc 5
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
2010 emission scenarios2010 emission scenarios Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3
Most possible scenario
NEC scenario
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
Regional vs background Regional vs background controlcontrol
Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 (ppbv)(ppbv)
Gradient of impacts
Gradient of impacts
REGIONAL CONTROL OF EMISSIONS
CONTINENTAL CONTROL OF EMISSIONS
ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling
To go further : emergency To go further : emergency measuresmeasures
Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 (ppbv)(ppbv)
Scenarios = light (reduce car speed) to severe (industrial and traffic control) existing emergency measures
Tests of extended emergency measures
Not necessary to maintain the
EM after 14:00 UT