Ozone_CEL140)part 2.pdf

8/10/2019 Ozone_CEL140)part 2.pdf

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Ozone seasonal variationsOzone seasonal variations

Earth Science and Climate Change

Decentralized Electricity Solutions

Sustainable Habitats

Energy Environment Technology Development

Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology

Bio-Technology & Bio-ResourcesWater Resources

Industrial Energy Efficiency

Resources Regulation & Global Security

Social Transformation

Environment Education & Youth Services

Sustainable Development Outreach

Modeling & Economic Analysis

Centre for Environmental studiesCentre for Environmental studies


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PM2.5PM2.5















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Standards for control of air pollution in India















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Current National Ambient Air QualityCurrent National Ambient Air Quality

Residential, industrial, ruralResidential, industrial, rural Ecologically sensitive areasEcologically sensitive areas

PollutantPollutant 2424--hourlyhourly

standardstandard

Annual standardAnnual standard

((g/m)g/m)

2424--hourlyhourly

standardstandard

AnnualAnnual

standardstandard

((g/m)g/m) ((g/m)g/m) ((g/m)g/m)

SO2SO2 8080 5050 8080 2020

NOxNOx 8080 4040 8080 3030

PM2.5PM2.5 6060 4040 6060 4040OzoneOzone 180*180* 100**100** 180*180* 100**100**

LeadLead 11 0.50.5 11 0.50.5

40004000 20002000 40004000 20002000

NH3NH3 400400 100100 400400 100100

As (ng/m)As (ng/m) 66 66

BaP(ng/m)BaP(ng/m) 11 11

NiNi ((ngng/m)/m) 2020 2020













Centre for Environmental studiesCentre for Environmental studiesAnnual : annual arithmetic mean of 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on twoconsecutive days of monitoring.

* 1 hourly ** 8 hourly Source: CPCB

34


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Natural source of air pollutionNatural source of air pollution

Volcanoes

Forest Fire Dust Storms

Sea Salt






Bio-Technology & Bio-ResourcesWater Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency








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Anthropogenic sourcesAnthropogenic sources

VehiclesIndustries

Power Plants

TransportIndustriesPower plant

Firewood Road dustDG setsEarth Science and Climate Change













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Source apportionment studiesSource apportionment studies

130 2100%

PM2.5 (Average)

46

16

5070

40%

60%

50

10

295

3

0%

20%

Bangalore Delhi Pune

Transport Paved road & soil dust Industries

Domestic DG sets Secondary

Others














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Source apportionment studySource apportionment study--

NOxNOx

3Earth Science and Climate Change











Centre for Environmental studiesCentre for Environmental studies 9


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Source contributionsSource contributions-- National scaleNational scale

OtherFuel

Domestic

3%Non

DGSets

1%

SO2

emissions

Domestic

8%DGSets

14%

NOx

emissions

Productio

n&

Consumpt

ion1%

Industrial

Combusti

on

31%

nergy

7%Industrial

Combusti

on14%

NonEnergy

Power

Plant

56%

Power

Plant

22%

10%

Transport1%

Transport32%

CO

emissionsNonmethane

Power

Plant

1%Non

Energy

21%

DGSets

0%

Compounds

Domestic

Transport

8%


Decentralized Electricity SolutionsSustainable Habitats



Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources

Water Resources








70%Industrial

Combustion

0%


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NMVOCsNMVOCs






Water Resources









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NMVOC emissions : 10NMVOC emissions : 10 TgTg/year/year New inventory of NMVOCemissions :

Domestic : 58%Transport : 9%Open burning : 6%Forests : 4%

Paints & printing : 11%Oil & Gas : 2%






Water Resources









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NMVOC emissions

2030Transport9%

Industry1%

Refinery

3%

DGsets

0%Food&oi l

1%

Forests

2%

2010

Paints8%

Ind(Proc.)

2%

Personal

care

Automobile

0%

Domestic

15%

Power

vap. rans

19%

Domestic

58%

Printing

3%

O en

Oil&Gas

2%

2%

0%

Automobile

1%

Printing

Tyres

0%

Openburning

3%Ind(Proc.)

4%

Waste

Refinery

2%DGsets

1%

Evap.Trans

3%

burning

6%

Paints

25%Personal care

5%

Oil&Gas

4%

60%

Food&oil

1%

Forests

4%

Industry

0%Transport

9%






Water Resources









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Trans ort sector in India






Water Resources









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Growth in Number of Motor VehiclesGrowth in Number of Motor Vehicles

Over1/3rd ofthetotalvehiclesin53million+cities

Secondtiercitiesshow reaterincreaseinvehicle o ulation

MoRTH,






Water Resources







Centre for Environmental studiesCentre for Environmental studies45

Others: tractors, trailors, three wheelers (passenger vehicles), etc


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Phenomenal growth in private vehiclesPhenomenal growth in private vehicles

100000A developing country

1000

10000

00)Growth in income

100No.

('Mobility demands

Lack of efficient ublic trans ort

1

10

system

1951

1956

1961

1966

1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

Total 2w Cars

27 k two wheelers in 1951 to 26 lakhs in 1981 to about 10 crores in 2011

1.5 lakh cars in 1951 to 11.6 lakh in 1981 to about 2 crore in 2011Earth Science and Climate Change





Water Resources









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Expect more growthExpect more growth

About 28000 twowheelers, and 4200cars a e o n a svehicular fleet daily

(2011)

As per Census 2011,

ouse o s avetwo wheelers whereas4.7 % havecars eeps vans

Data WDI, 2011

More growth expected






Water Resources









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CongestionCongestion

0.30

0.40

0.50

nindex

Road space almost same

0.00

0.10

0.20

Congesti

Limited transport infrastructure

Delh

Mumb

a

Varan

a

Bang

alor

Kolka

t

Hyde

raba

Chen

na

Bhub

aneshw

a

Guwa

haKa

npuSu

raRa

ipuNa

gpuJaipu

Ahme

dabaHu

b

Trive

ndruPa

tn

Gang

to

Pond

icherr , ,

emissions, discomfort

15

20

25

30

peed(km/h) e uce spee s

0

5

10

2007 2011 2021 2031

Average

Cat-1 Cat-2 Cat-3 Cat-4 Cat-5

Data source : WSA, 2008






Water Resources









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Different types and usage of vehiclesDifferent types and usage of vehicles

Unre istered vehicle Overloading

Limited maintenanceEarth Science and Climate Change





Water Resources









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CategoryCategory--wise distribution of transportwise distribution of transport

emissions 2010emissions 2010

Bus

6%

LMV

5%

NMVOCs

Bus

5%

2w(2s)

8% LMV

8%

CO

10 %

Car

7%

2w(2s)

23 %

Truck

15%

2w(4s)

11%

2w(4s)

NOx

w s

53%

PM10

Bus

20%Ca r

7% 2w(2s)

2% LM V

7%Bus

12%

LMV

10%

Truck

2w(2s)

27%






Water Resources







Centre for Environmental studiesCentre for Environmental studiesTruck

63%

Car

11%

2w(4s)2%


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Advanced vehicular emission normsAdvanced vehicular emission norms (Road map)(Road map)

Car (Petrol)

2(g/km)

Diesel Vehicles

0.8

cles

kwh) 0.25

r km)

0

1

1996 Euro-I BS-II BS-III BS-IVEmissions

73%81%

90%

0

0.2

0.4

.

- - - -

Heavyvehi

E

missions(g

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

.

DieselCa

E

missions(g

59%74%

87%75%

84% 95%

HC + NOx

BS-III petrol car emits 81% less HC+NOx

PM (Heavy vehicles) PM (Car Diesel)

1200 2500022968

than a 1996 model car.BS-III heavy vehicle emits 84% less PM

5031

5526

394

600

800

1000

ofVehicles(Lacs)

10000

15000

20000

issionLoad

(T/D)

11245

an uro- ve ce5160

117212696

0

200

400

1997 2007 1997 2007

Number

0

5000TotalE

Vehicles increased: 2.7 times

Emission increased: 2 times 2W 3W Car/Jeep Taxi Bus Truck Other CO HC NOX PM

EMISSION LOA D

PM+NOx+CO+HCVEHICLES






Water Resources









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Effect of future vehicular emission normsEffect of future vehicular emission norms

Scenario Description

BAU Basedonthecurrentplansandpoliciesofthegovernmentwithoutanyfurther

intervention.BS

III

all

across

the

country

and

BS

IV

in

13

cities

ALTI IntroductionofBSIVallacrossthecountryby2015

ALTII IntroductionofBSIVallacrossthecountryby2020

ALTIII IntroductionofBSIVallacrossthecountryby2015andBSVin2020

ALTIV IntroductionofBSIVallacrossthecountryby2015andBSVIin2020






Water Resources









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TransportTransport Its not only PM !!Its not only PM !!

Highest contributor to NOx emissions in India

, ,

secondary PM formation

Ozone (impacts health + agriculture)

BC (a constituent of PM) has a significant warmingpotential.






Water Resources









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Fugitive emissions at petrol pumpsFugitive emissions at petrol pumps






Water Resources









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SolutionsSolutions

Avoid

Control

Reduce emissions






Water Resources








Recommendations for control of transportRecommendations for control of transport


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Recommendations for control of transportRecommendations for control of transportemissionsemissions

Provide ULSD in the entire country and advancement of emission norms forthe whole country

Introduce fuel efficiency standards

Enhancement of public transport and non-motorized transport

Encourage alternate fuels: CNG, LPG etc.

Tighten monitoring of in-use vehicles

,

and emissions






Water Resources









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Think before it is too late .Think before it is too late .






Water Resources








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Ozone_CEL140)part 2.pdf

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