3D-01-P101-EP

Where to get more informationSpark Arrester qualification & testing:

USDA Forest ServiceTechnology & Development Center444 East Bonita AvenueSan Dimas, CA 91773Attn: Ralph Gonzales

(909) 599-1267 x 212Fax: (909) 592-2309

Website: http://fsweb.sdtdc.wo.fs.fed.us

Lesson ObjectivesName three types of spark arrestersState the maximum size of carbon particle that can safely enter the airName the facility where spark arrester programs and the Spark Arrester Guide are managed

3D-02-P101-EP

Introduction

The inspection of spark arresters is a complicated

process.

3D-03-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Qualification Program

3D-04-P101-EP

Cone of Learning

Doing the Real Thing

Simulat ing the Real Experience

Doing a Dramatic Presentation

Giving a Talk

Part icipating in a Discussion

Seeing it done on Location

Watching a Demonstration

Looking at an Exhibit

Watching a Movie

Looking at Pictures

Hearing Words

Reading10 % of what we read

20 % of what we hear

30% of what we see

50 % of what we hear and see

70% of what we say

90% of what we both say and do

3D-05-P101-EP

How It All Began

3D-06-P101-EP

The Basics

Wildland fuels may ignite at 400 oF to 500 oF

3D-07-P101-EP

The Basics

Exhaust streams and surfaces reach 1000 oF during operation

3D-08-P101-EP

The Basics – Ways to Prevent Fire Starts From Internal Combustion Engines

Reduce exhaust gas temperature

Reduce surface temperature or prevent from contact with fuels

Limit carbon particle size to under 0.023 inches (0.058 mm)

3D-09-P101-EP

The Basics

Carbon particles greater than 0.023 inch in diameter have enough energy to start a fire

3D-10-P101-EP

Carbon Accumulation

back3D-11-P101-EP

The Basics

3D-12-P101-EP

What Is A Spark Arrester?

A spark arrester is a device which pulverizes or traps exhaust particles.

3D-13-P101-EP

Types of Spark Arresters

3D-14-P101-EP

General Purpose – Trap Type

cleanout

trap

Stationary vane

3D-15-P101-EP

General Purpose – Trap Type

3D-16-P101-EP

Screen Type Spark Arrester

3D-17-P101-EP

Disc Type Spark Arrester

3D-18-P101-EP

Required Features on General Purpose Spark Arresters

Markings Manufacturer name or trademark Spark arrester model number “Screen type” for screen type spark arresters

Cleanout device Cleanout plug Removable end cap Cleanout band

3D-19-P101-EP

What Kinds Of Equipment

Need A Spark Arrester?

3D-20-P101-EP

Federal Code for Public Lands

36 Code of Federal Regulations Section 261.52

All internal and external combustion engines operated in Federally managed lands must be equipped with a qualified spark arrester.

3D-21-P101-EP

External Combustion Engine

3D-22-P101-EP

External Combustion Engine

3D-23-P101-EP

Exemptions

Power units equipped with a turbocharger. 100 % of exhaust gasses must pass thru the

turbine wheel. No waste gate or any other by-pass

Registered vehicleso Check with Your Local agency. Generally Street

legal vehicles do not require an approved spark arrester device.

3D-24P101-EP

What Makes A spark Arrester Qualified?

It Must meet one of these standards

USDA 5100-1cSAE J335SAE J350SAE J342

(SAE= Society of American Engineers)

3D-25-P101-EP

How can it be determined that it meets those standards?

The easiest way (the only way) is that it is listed in one of the Spark Arrester Guides

3D-26-P101-EP

3D-26-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Guides

The Spark Arrester The Spark Arrester Guide is a set of Guide is a set of books l ist ing all spark books l ist ing all spark arresters evaluated at arresters evaluated at SDTDC that meet the SDTDC that meet the requirements in FS requirements in FS 5100-1c5100-1c

Types of Power Units(combustion engines)

3D-28-P101-EP

Types of Engines (Power units)

General Purposeo Heavy equipmento Portable power equipmento OHV vehicleso Small engines

Multi-position Small Engineso Chainsawo Other than Chainsaw (string trimmers, brush cutters)

Locomotiveso Dieselo Coal-fired, oil-fired

3D-29-P101-EP

General Purpose Spark Arresters

RequirementsTrap or pulverizing type

80 % effectiveness (90% hot test) 80 % cleanout effectiveness

Screen Type no opening greater than .023 inch

diameter effective screen open area is 200 %

greater than smallest restriction on exhaust port.

3D-30-P101-EP

General Purpose Spark Arrester

3D-31-P101-EP

General Purpose Test

How is it done?3D-32-P101-EP

Trap / Pulverizing Type Testing

• arrester is mounted in the test chamber• the blower provides air into the arrester• carbon is injected into the arrester• the carbon is collected, sieved and weighed• a minimum of ten runs is required• five test points (100 % of rated flow, 10 % rated

flow, & three evenly spaced in between)• two runs per test point• 2 runs at 2 psi back pressure

next3D-33-P101-EP

General Purpose – Marking Requirement

Manufacturer Name or TrademarkSpark Arrester Model Name or Number“Screen type” if a screen type spark

arrester

3D-34-P101-EP

Multi-position Small Engine

Tested in accordance with: SAE J335 Multi-position Small Engine Exhaust

System Fire Ignition Suppression Types of MSE

Chain Saw Other than chain saws

trimmers blowers high pressure washers etc...

3D-35-P101-EP

Multi-position Small Engine

Most MSE spark arresters are screen types, chainsaws etc.

3D-36-P101-EP

Multi-position Small Engine (other)

3D-37-P101-EP

Multi-position Small Engine

Exposed Surface Temperature - not to exceed 550oF

• exposed surface is an surface which comes in contact with or intersects the contact plane

Exhaust Gas Temperature - not to exceed 475oF

• measured were exhaust gas impinges on contact plane

Contact Plane• a flat plane around the exhaust system• determined by moving a test plate around the exhaust system

with power head on a flat surface.

3D-38-P101-EP

Multi-position Small EngineChain Saw Contact Planes

3D-39-P101-EP

Multi-position Small Engine

How is it done?

3D-40-P101-EP

Marking Requirements

Manufacturer generated number Does not have to be a full model number

Power unit needs to be marked: With manufacturer name or trademark Power unit model number

3D-41-P101-EP

General Purpose & Multi-position Small Engine Spark Arresters

General Purpose particle size no greater

than .023 in diameter waivers are allowed must be positively

identifiable fixed position (45o

deviation) assigned a rated flow no temperature

requirements

Multi-position Small Engine

particle size no greater than .023 in diameter

waivers are allowed must be positively

identifiable Multi-position qualified with a specific

power head surface & exhaust gas

temps.

3D-42-P101-EP

Quiz #1

GO

3D-43-P101-EP

Quiz #1

1. What is a spark arrester?

2. Which pieces of equipment are required to have a spark arrester?

3. What is a general purpose engine?

4. What is a multi-position small engine?

5. What are the three types of spark arresters?a.b.c.

6. What are the marking requirements for a trap type and for a screen type?

3D-44-P101-EP

next

Quiz #1

7. Name one thing that a trap type arrester must have?

8. How do you know if a spark arrester is qualified?

9. What is the largest screen opening that a screen type spark arrester may have?

back

3D-45-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Identification

3D-46-P101-EP

Identifying Spark Arresters

General Purpose• Displays MFG

Trademark or name• Stamped with the

Model number• “Screen type”• Has Cleanout Device• Must be in the Guide

Multi-position Small Engine

• It must be in the Guide

• Displays the Model number of power unit

3D-47-P101-EP

Identifying Spark Arresters

US Forest Service Approved

Forestry Approved Department of

Forestry Approved

Does not mean its qualified!

3D-48-P101-EP

Cleanout Devices

3D-49-P101-EP

Cleanout Devices

3D-50-P101-EP

Cleanout Devices

3D-51-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Maintenance

3D-52-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Maintenance

Spark Arrester must be properly maintained to be effective

Cleanout must be emptied periodically

Condition of the engine affects spark arrester effectiveness

3D-53-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Maintenance

3D-54-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Maintenance

3D-55-P101-EP

Modified Spark Arresters

3D-56-P101-EP

Modified Spark Arresters

3D-57-P101-EP

Modified Spark Arresters

3D-58-P101-EP

Modified Spark Arresters

3D-59-P101-EP

Modified Spark Arresters

3D-60-P101-EP

Modified Spark Arresters

3D-61-P101-EP

Turbo vs. Superchargers

Turbocharger• Exhaust is directed thru a turbine to run a

compressor• 100 % of exhaust must pass thru turbine wheel• Not waste gate allowed

Supercharger• Direct link to engine• Does not function as an arrester

3D-62-P101-EP

Turbocharged Engines

3D-63-P101-EP

Turbocharged Engines

3D-64-P101-EP

Position of Application

Only applies to General Purpose

Horizontal Vertical Inverted Multi-position (Screen

Type)

Not more than 45 degrees from the mounted position

3D-65-P101-EP

Mufflers

Mufflers Mandatory for street legal vehicles Designed for sound, they do not arrest carbon particles

Catalytic Converter Also required for post 1975 gas powered vehicles For emissions,they do not arrest sparks Subject to high temperatures (2000 F) Some qualified spark arresters have catalyst

3D-66-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Guides

SAG Volume 1 &2

Online SAG

3D-67-P101-EP

Spark Arrester Guide Vol. 1 & 2

SAG is no longer published on paperUpdates are done electronically for both

MSE & GP spark arrestersUpdates include all qualified spark

arresters since the publication of the latest SAG

SDTDC is available for reference

3D-68-P101-EP

On-Line Spark Arrester Guide

Searchable Database By manufacturer name Model number Power unit Position

More Frequent Updates Quarterly

Downloadable PDF

3D-69-P101-EP

On-Line Spark Arrester Guide

3D-70-P101-EP

On-Line Spark Arrester Guide

3D-71-P101-EP

On-Line Spark Arrester Guide

3D-72-P101-EP

On-Line Spark Arrester Guide

3D-73-P101-EP

On-Line Spark Arrester Guide

3D-74-P101-EP

On-Line Spark Arrester Guide

3D-75-P101-EP

Fire Investigations

What can San Dimas Technology Development Center Do for You?

3D-76-P101-EP

Fire Investigation

The have test records for everything tested at the facility

They can run efficiency tests on exhaust hardware for evidentiary purposes

Can provide expert testimony (If the US Forest Service is party to suit)

3D-77-P101-EP

Fire Investigation

3D-79-P101-EP

Fire Investigations

3D-80-P101-EP

Fire Investigations

3D-81-P101-EP

Fire Investigation

What SDTDC cannot do. Cannot do analysis on collected debris.

(They are not an approved Crime Lab for evidence processing)

3D-78-P101-EP

Locomotive Spark Arresters

3D-82-P101-EP

Locomotive Spark Arresters

Tested in accordance with:Association of American Railroads

Recommended practiceSAE Recommended Practice J342

Tested on site with a portable unit.

3D-83-P101-EP

Locomotive Spark Arrester

Spark arresters

3D-84-P101-EP

Locomotive Spark Arrester

3D-85-P101-EP

Locomotive Spark Arrester

trap

3D-86-P101-EP

Locomotive Spark Arrester

3D-87-P101-EP

Locomotive Spark Arrester

3D-88-P101-EP

Where to get more informationSpark Arrester qualification & testing:

USDA Forest Service

Technology & Development Center

444 East Bonita Avenue

San Dimas, CA 91773

Attn: Ralph Gonzales

(909) 599-1267 x 212

Fax: (909) 592-2309

Website: http://fsweb.sdtdc.wo.fs.fed.us

3D-89-P101-EP

Where to get more informationSpark Arrester qualification & testing:

USDA Forest ServiceTechnology & Development Center444 East Bonita AvenueSan Dimas, CA 91773Attn: Ralph Gonzales

(909) 599-1267 x 212Fax: (909) 592-2309

Website: http://fsweb.sdtdc.wo.fs.fed.us

Summary & Review Lesson ObjectivesName three types of spark arrestersState the maximum size of carbon particle that can safely enter the airName the facility where spark arrester programs and the Spark Arrester Guide are managed

3D-90-P101-EP