Date post: | 28-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | jonas-daniel |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 1 times |
P-2025, P-2026
Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks P-2025, P-2026
Search Terms
Disaster Assessment
P-2025, P-2026
Search Terms
P-2025, P-2026
Meteorological visibility is the maximum distance at which large objects (e.g., a mountain) can be seen Ground track is an imaginary line on the ground that is made by an aircraft’s flight path over the ground
Maximum Area of Possibility is normally a circular area centered at the search objective’s last know position, with certain corrections
Probability Area is a smaller area, within the maximum area of possibility, where there is an increased likelihood of locating the search objective
Probability of Detection (POD) is the likelihood, expressed in percent, that a search airplane might locate the objective
Search Terms
P-2025, P-2026
Scanning range is the lateral distance from a scanner’s aircraft to an imaginary line on the ground, parallel to the ground track, that a scanner is expected to have a good chance at spotting the search objective
Search Altitude is the altitude the aircraft will fly above the ground (AGL)
Search track is an imaginary swath across the surface formed by the scanning range and the length of the aircraft’s ground track
Search visibility is the distance at which an object on the ground can be seen and recognized from a particular height
Track Spacing (S) is the distance between adjacent visual or electronic search legs
Search Terms
P-2025, P-2026
Definitions Search Involves
– Estimating the position of the wreck or survivors– Determining the area to be searched– Selecting the search techniques to be used
Last Known Point– Critical Information– A newly learned LKP can completely reshape a search
Possibility Area (Theoretical)– Circle around the Last Known Position (LKP)– The radius is equal to the endurance of the aircraft– Correct for wind
Probability Area (Statistical)– Where is the aircraft likely to be
P-2025, P-2026
Determining the Possibility Area
LKP
Corrected for wind
Wind vector
No wind endurance
Maximum possibility area
Flight level winds: 330/20
Aircraft Speed: 100 Kts
Endurance: 2 Hours
Therefore, range of aircraft =200 miles = radius of circle
Winds cause circle to be offset by 40 miles
200 NM
40NM
P-2025, P-2026
Probability Area
Based on past searches CSAD: Canadian
Search Area Definition 77% Probability of Area
(POA) within 10 NM of intended track
83% POA within 15NM
P-2025, P-2026
Probability Area (cont.)
Concentration of cases near LKP and destination
Slightly more in last half, especially last quarter
P-2025, P-2026
Disaster Assessment
P-2025, P-2026
Natural and man-made Examples of CAP services:
– Air and ground SAR services– Air and ground visual and/or video imaging– Flood boundary determination– Air and ground transportation– Courier flights– Radio communications support
Disaster Assessment
P-2025, P-2026
Effects of extreme weather Physical landscape may be so altered as to
make maps obsolete or make navigation difficult
Damage or destruction of area infrastructure Effects of biological, chemical or radiological
terrorism (or accidental release)
How Disasters Can Effect CAP Operations
P-2025, P-2026
Flying damage assessment sorties is not much different from our SAR search patterns
The big difference is what you look for Should be asking questions such as:
– What is the geographical extent and severity of the damage?– Is the damage spreading? If so, how far and how fast?– How has access/egress been affected?– What are the primary and secondary hazards?– Is the disaster threatening critical structures or areas?– Have utilities been affected or are they threatened?– Can you see alternatives to problems?
Assessment
P-2025, P-2026
Some specific things to be looking for are:– Breaks in pavement, railways, bridges, dams,
levees, pipelines, runways and structures– Roads/streets blocked by water, debris or landslide– Downed power lines– Ruptured water lines– Motorists in distress or major accidents– Alternate routes for emergency vehicles or
evacuation– Distress signals from survivors
Assessment
P-2025, P-2026
At each site, besides sketching or highlighting the extent of the damage and identifying access and egress routes, you should record:– Latitude and longitude– Description– Type and extent of damage– Photo number, or time reference for videotape– Status and trends
Assessment
P-2025, P-2026
Aerial survey of WTC
P-2025, P-2026
Aerial survey of WTC
P-2025, P-2026
Aerial survey of WTC
P-2025, P-2026
Aerial survey of WTC
P-2025, P-2026
Aerial survey of WTC
P-2025, P-2026
Aerial survey of WTC
P-2025, P-2026
Aerial survey of WTC
P-2025, P-2026
Flooding over levee
P-2025, P-2026
Seeping behind levee
P-2025, P-2026
Flooded approach
P-2025, P-2026
Bridge damage
P-2025, P-2026
Tornado
Iowa tornado DR picture taken by CAP over Easter 2006
P-2025, P-2026
Tornado
P-2025, P-2026
Tornado
P-2025, P-2026
Tornado leaves slabs
P-2025, P-2026
Close-up of tornado damage
P-2025, P-2026
Wide image of train wreck
ChemicaChemical spill l spill
(hazmat(hazmat))
P-2025, P-2026
Close image of train wreck
P-2025, P-2026
Close image of train wreck
P-2025, P-2026
Infrared image of train wreck
P-2025, P-2026
Plume from train wreck
P-2025, P-2026
A person is very difficult to spot from the air if they are not actively trying to be spotted
Lost children and people with diminished capacity can be especially difficult to spot from the air; often they will hide from searchers
Lost people often fight topography; children under five years frequently travel uphill
Important to know what color clothes they were wearing (not just the outer clothes) and their habits
Missing Person Search
P-2025, P-2026
Person on the GroundPLAIN SHIRT, 1000
AGL
P-2025, P-2026
Person on the GroundPLAIN SHIRT, 500
AGL
P-2025, P-2026
Person on the GroundCAMO SHIRT, 500
AGL
P-2025, P-2026
Person on the GroundYELLOW SHIRT, 500
AGL
P-2025, P-2026
Person on the GroundBLUE SHIRT, 500 AGL
P-2025, P-2026
Person on the GroundORANGE SHIRT, 500
AGL
P-2025, P-2026
Person on the GroundSIGNAL MIRROR, 500
AGL