EU
RO
PE
from Napoleon
to the PRESENT
Europe and Europeans, 1815 and today
History 1047 January 2008
Ministry of the Interior and Spree RiverBerlin, Germany (photo 2005)
www.indiana.edu/~hist104Europe from Napoleon to the PRESENT
Dr. Rebecca L. SpangHistory Dept., Ballantine 711Office Hours: Mondays, 2:00-3:[email protected]
Mr. Michael AnklinAssociate Instructor
www.indiana.edu/~hist104Europe from Napoleon to the PRESENT
DISCUSSION CLASSES
Wednesdays 1:25-2:15Wednesdays 3:35-4:25Wednesdays 5:30-6:20 (this one taught by Dr. Spang)Thursdays 9:05-9:55 (only nine students in this one!)Thursdays 11:15-12:05
Revolutions of 1848•Republic declared in France
•anti-Austrian revolts in Milan, Hungary,Prague
•Frankfurt Assembly writes “German”constitution; “pan-slavic” congress meetsin Prague
•revolution in Rome; Pope flees; republicdeclared
Louis Kossuth (Hungarian leader)depicted as “People’s Saint” defendingLiberty, 1852 (print made in New York)
poster announcing French Republic
barricades in Vienna
Wassily Kandinsky, In Grey (1919)
Man Ray, photo of Gertrude Stein with her portrait by Picasso (1925)
Walter Gropius, Bauhaus (Dessau,Germany), 1925
MODERNISM
St. Paul’s Cathedral, Kolkata (Calcutta), India (1839-1847)
arrest during Brixton riots (London), 1981
Empire and Decolonization1670 England claims Jamaica1765 Britain claims nearly all of Indian peninsula1830 France claims Algeria1834 slavery officially abolished in British Empire1880s the “Scramble for Africa”1947 Indian independence1948 beginning of large-scale emigration from
Jamaica to Great Britain1954- Algerian War1962
“How they fight a War” L’Illustration(French news magazine), 1914.
trench warfare on the Western front, 1914-1918
World Wars 1914-1918 World War One (the “Great War”)June 1919 Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost all overseas territories; Alsace-Lorraine returned to France (becamepart of Germany in 1871); France to controlcoal mining in Saar for 15 years; Germany forbidden to make or buy poison gas, tanks, military aircraft; to pay “reparations” to cover“all costs” of war
March 1933 National Socialists (Nazis) takepower in Germany
Sept. 1939 Germany invades Poland; Franceand Great Britain declare war on Germany
London Great Exhibition, 1851endorsed by Prince Albert in Oct. 1849“Crystal Palace” of glass and iron,
designed by Joseph Paxtonover 14,000 international exhibitors6,000,000 visitors in less than six monthsfirst of great “world’s fairs,” others:
1876 Philadelphia1889 Paris1893 Chicago1939 New York1958 Brussels1967 Montreal
Konstantin Thon, Cathedral of Christ the Saviour,Moscow (Russia), 1839-1860
Peterhof Palace, outside St. Petersburg(Russia), 1720s
Westernizers and Slavophiles in the Russian Empire
Peter the Great, 1672-1725built new capital at St. Petersburgintroduced Dutch and British naval technologymandated that aristocratic men shave their
beards and the women should wear“French” fashions
made French and German the court languages
Slavophiles (during reign of Nicholas I,1796-1855)
denounced Europe as “corrupted” byEnlightenment emphasis on reason
rejected European “individualism” andpraised communal organization ofRussian peasants (Mir)
emphasized role of Orthodox Church
Byzantine (or Eastern Roman) Empire
284 -305 Diocletian divides Roman Empire into two jursdictions
330 Constantinople founded as “second Rome”
476 “fall” of Western Roman Empire
527-565 Reign of Emperor Justinian-reconquered much of western territory,endeavored to impose “one God, one empire, one religion”; Justinian Code;
built Hagia Sophia (532-537, “Church ofthe Holy Wisdom of God”)
1204 Fourth Crusade conquers and sacksConstantinople
1453 Constantinople conquered by Ottoman Turks; Hagia Sophiaconverted into a mosque
1923 Treaty of Lausannesets Turkish-Greek-Bulgarianboundaries
1923 -1938 Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), first presidentof Republic of Turkey
1939-1945 World War Two
1957 Treaty of Rome creates EEC (European Economic Community): France,Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
1959 Turkey first applies for membership in EEC
1961 West Germany and Turkey sign “guest worker” (gastarbeiter) agreement
1962 formal “association” of Turkey with EEC; suspended in 1980
1973 first expansion of EEC, adds United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark
1993 Treaty of European Union (“Maastricht Treaty”) comes into effect
2004 Cyprus, Malta, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Czech Republic become part of European Union
2004-2006 negotiations between Turkey and European Union