PRESS CORPS  

STUDY GUIDE          

Raffles Model United Nations 2018  Sapere Aude – Dare to Know   

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Welcome Letter from the Dais 2

Chair Biographies 4

Basic Guidelines and Expectations 5 Article Guidelines 5 Rules of Procedure 5

Media Forms 7 Angling an Article 7 Types of Media Forms 8

News Articles 8 Opinion-editorials 9 Videos 10 Infographics 11

Formatting of Articles 11

News Agencies 12 Agence France-Presse 12 Xinhua News Agency 13 Al Jazeera English 14 The New York Times 15

Awards Criteria 18

Pre-Event Press Release Guidelines 19

Suggestions for Further Research 20 Style Guides and Resources 20

Bibliography 21

1

Welcome Letter from the Dais

Dear delegates,

Welcome to the Press Corps council of RMUN 2018. It is my pleasure to be chairing this council

together with Caryn, my co-chair. We are both extremely excited to be part of RMUN’s

inaugural Press Corps and hope that you look forward to it just as much as we do.

The role of journalists is extremely important - they are conveyors of information to the masses.

Journalists do not just inform the public of events; they also analyse the reasons behind these

events and the significance of these events. Through this, they help the public become more

aware of what is happening around them and make more informed decisions in their daily lives.

In an age where fake news becomes more and more prevalent, the importance of the press in

delivering accurate information cannot be emphasised enough.

With that being said, many of us do not think about the biases that news agencies have.

Newspapers do not simply convey the truth; many news agencies present events in a particular

way to advance their own agendas, but because this is done insidiously, most readers do not

consciously think about how events are framed for them. I hope that through your time at

RMUN, you will become more aware of how events are packaged and be able to question the

truth behind what you read in newspapers.

As Press Corps delegates, you will be required to utilise a wide skill set that goes beyond simply

“writing well”. As you witness events unfolding, you will have to take a step back and question

why these events are developing in a particular way. After synthesising a main point from your

thoughts, you must then be able to reflect this accurately and coherently in your writing. The

importance of actively collecting, processing, and evaluating information cannot be emphasised

enough.

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We hope that through your time at RMUN, you will become more attuned to the intricacies of

how news articles are written as well as gain more insight into the issues being discussed in the

councils you are assigned to. Most importantly, we hope that you have a great time! You can

contact us at councilpress.rmun@gmail.com.

Best regards.

Angus Yip

Head Chair, Press Corps, RMUN 2018

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Chair Biographies

Head Chairperson: Angus Yip Angus is a Year 6 Humanities student at Raffles Institution. He participated in a MUN for the

first time last year, motivated by the opportunity to meet new people with different views about

current affairs. Since then, he has participated in 4 MUN conferences, most recently winning

Best Delegate in the Press Corps council at NTUMUN 2018. Outside the MUN circuit, he is also

a writer and editor for Raffles Press, his school’s journalism club. In his free time, he loves

playing with dogs, reading a good book, or engaging in a discussion about anything related to

literature, his favourite subject in school. He is aware that some delegates may find themselves in

unfamiliar territory, and is willing to provide guidance if necessary. He hopes that delegates will

find Press Corps to be an exciting and meaningful experience.

Deputy Chairperson: Caryn Chiah Ka-May

Caryn is a Year 5 Humanities Programme student who takes the plebeian HELM subject

combination. She has been to a fair number of MUNs, but can safely say that she most fondly

recalls her experience at RMUN’17. Outside of MUN, Caryn also tries to be a productive

member of her school’s press. She enjoys embarking on literary adventures and languishing in

existentialist despair. Or napping. Chairing for the first time, Caryn understands the uncertainty

that some new delegates might be feeling, and will strive to provide a fulfilling experience for

all. She hopes that the unique experience offered by Press Corps will offer insight to delegates on

the workings of international diplomacy. Just as importantly, she hopes everyone will also have

fun!

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Basic Guidelines and Expectations

Article Guidelines

When writing articles, all delegates are expected to abide by these basic guidelines:

● All information provided must be accurate. Press Corps delegates may portray events in a

certain light in accordance with the stances of their assigned news agencies, but the

outright fabrication of events is strictly forbidden.

● Quotations may only be obtained from delegates in the council you are writing a news

article about. Interviewing chairs is not allowed.

● Press Corps delegates should not launch any allegations of a personal nature against any

delegate.

● Delegates of other councils should be referred to as diplomats of the countries they

represent, not their personal name.

Rules of Procedure

Press Corps delegates should familiarise themselves with the Rules of Procedure document for

other councils. Delegates are reminded that the Arab League, European Union and United

Nations Security Council have specialised Rules of Procedure; further elaboration on the

specialised protocol will be in the Rules of Procedure and respective study guides of those

councils.

The following information on Rules of Procedure is specific to Press Corps delegates.

Delegates are allowed to observe any committee which they have been assigned to for any

committee session. However, delegates will be expected to write articles about all their assigned

committees in equal proportions. Therefore, delegates should split their time between councils

fairly.

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Delegates should sit at the back of the room in which their assigned council has convened. They

are free to move around to take photographs, but this must be done so quietly.

Press delegates need not write notes to the chairs of that council to inform them of their arrival or

departure. Press Corps delegates are not required to be present for the entire session; they are

allowed to leave if they feel that they have sufficient information to write their articles. In this

case, they may choose to return to the Press Corps council room.

All direct communication with delegates from the council is restricted to note-passing. However,

during unmoderated caucuses, Press Corps delegates are allowed to approach delegates directly.

Delegates may communicate about any council-related matters.

The general principle delegates should abide by is to create as little disruption as possible.

Interviews with delegates should not occur while other delegates are making speeches; they can

be arranged after the council session has ended, or conducted during unmoderated caucuses.

If delegates have any queries, they may send notes to the chairs of the council they are in or

contact the Press Corps chairs.

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Media Forms Delegates are expected to sit in on committee sessions in order to collect information about

debate in the councils they have been assigned to. Delegates will be expected to submit articles

on a regular basis, which will then be uploaded on the Press Corps website. There is no need to

write articles about events outside council session (ie. opening and closing ceremonies; D&D).

Angling an Article

The key to writing a good newspaper article for Press Corps, like many other forms of articles, is

the angle to the article. An angle, essentially, is the focus of the article. Ideally, the writer will be

able to convey a particular message to the reader through their writing. Perhaps a good rule of

thumb is that readers should be able to summarise the main point of the article in one or two

sentences. Otherwise, it is likely that the article is rather unfocused.

Whenever an event occurs, there are always numerous different angles from which the writer can

approach the event. An online article from ThoughtCo about angling articles explains:

[An angle] is the lens through which the writer filters the information he or she

has gathered. […] For instance, if a new law is passed, angles might include the

cost of implementing the law and where the money will come from, the legislators

who authored and pushed for the law, and the people most closely affected by the

law. While each one of these could be included in the main story, each one also

lends itself to a separate story. 1

So long as delegates’ writing abides by their news agency’s stance, they are free to explore any

angles they wish. Originality in writing is highly encouraged.

1 Rogers, T. (2017, September 5). What is a Story Angle? Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-story-angle-2073756

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More explanation and examples of angles for specific types of articles will be given below.

Types of Media Forms

Delegates may submit work based on the following categories:

News Articles These are the most commonly written articles, both in newspapers and in MUNs. A good Press

Corps news article should provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the

proceedings of debate in the committee.

Press Corps news articles generally fall into one of several categories:

● An article giving a general overview of the events in a council session.

● An article focusing on the efforts of a particular delegate. Articles can either affirm or

criticise these efforts.

● An article discussing the merits and flaws of particular ideas raised by the committee.

It may seem that general news articles (the first type listed above) do not have any clear angles to

them - after all, the point of a news article is to inform the reader of what has happened, and so it

would appear that the more detail included, the better. While including detail is certainly a good

thing, there is no need to launch into every single detail of what every delegate said. Delegates

may, and should, choose to angle their articles based on what they find fitting.

Examples of questions you can consider when formulating the angle of an article is:

● Are delegates accurately representing the views of their countries?

● Is debate progressing smoothly?

● Are particular delegates speaking very frequently or not speaking at all?

● What are the main blocs in council and how do they differ in points of view?

● Are the proposed solutions comprehensive, feasible and sustainable?

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The consideration of angles for an article naturally opens up many more possibilities when it

comes to writing an article. However, delegates must also remember that their writing should be

consistent with the stances of their news agencies. The best news articles will be able to strike a

balance between their news agency’s stance and the writer’s own individual insights.

Interviews are key to a good Press Corps article. Sometimes, delegates may raise interesting

points in the council session - delegates are encouraged to contact these delegates for more

explanation about their ideas. Quite often, interviews provide a platform for these delegates to

fully develop their points, especially if these ideas were quickly dismissed by the council earlier

on. This provides more insight into the understanding of the discussion going on.

Delegates are encouraged to refrain from simply writing about the several key players in the

council session. If several delegates do not seem to be driving the flow of debate that

significantly, but their ideas are constructive, Press Corps delegates can and should pursue these

ideas.

Photographs of council proceedings should be included in all news article submissions.

Delegates are allowed to take any photos they wish during council proceedings. If needed,

delegates can also choose to take photographs from online. More information about the use of

photographs is provided in the “Formatting of articles” section below.

Opinion-editorials Opinion-editorials are articles where writers may express a personal point of view on particular

issues. These points of view should reflect the stances of the news agencies writers represent,

and points made should be supported by concrete evidence and statistics. There should be a clear

argument that is consistently elaborated on throughout the article.

Therefore, delegates should not write articles which simply state general platitudes (eg. “child

marriage is abhorrent”) without explaining clearly how they have come to this conclusion.

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Rhetorical devices can be used to enhance the persuasiveness of an argument, but the key focus

should still be on the clarity of arguments.

Ideally, opinion-editorials should include potential suggestions on tackling the issue being

discussed, whether domestically (ie. for the country in which the news agency is based), for a

particular country of key significance to the issue, or for the United Nations as a whole.

Even though Press Corps delegates are not explicitly required to reference what other delegates

have said during council debate, they can still use these ideas as a springboard to develop their

arguments.

Delegates are encouraged to refer to opinion-editorials by their assigned news agencies to gain

more familiarity with how opinion-editorials are written.

Videos

Delegates are encouraged to experiment with videojournalism through the submission of video

broadcasts. The main advantage of videos is that it allows information to be presented in a

relatively more compact manner, which may prove to be more interesting.

One possibility is to provide a traditional solo report, akin to what one would commonly find

reported on the news. Apart from this, there are also many other possibilities delegates can

consider. For instance, Press Corps delegates could interview two delegates with opposing

stances about the same issue, or have a particular delegate provide some context about the issue

being discussed. Video footage can be used to illustrate certain points particularly well, such as a

lack of council consensus during unmoderated caucuses.

Delegates can also choose to include video clips of real-world events to illustrate certain points.

All content that is not originally filmed must be credited.

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Infographics

Delegates may also choose to submit infographics that provide a succinct summary of issues

being discussed. Delegates can make use of free infographic creators that are available online,

such as Canva or Piktochart.

The submission of videos and/or infographics is optional but will reflect well on delegates.

Delegates may choose to submit these as part of their news articles or as separate media set

submissions.

Formatting of Articles

All submitted articles should be in Arial font 11, 1.5 line spacing.

All articles should contain the following:

● Title: A catchy title can quickly gain the attention of readers. The best titles are

interesting while also being able to encapsulate the crux of the issue being discussed.

Writers can consider using wordplay, euphemisms, or cultural references to craft a

hard-hitting header for their articles.

● Tagline: A one-line synopsis of the article, elaborating on its main point.

● Byline: The writer’s full name, followed by the news agency they represent.

● Header photo: All articles should contain a photograph that will serve as the featured

image for the article. Header photos are to be inserted at the front of the article, before the

title of the article, when submitted.

● Photo captions: Aside from the header photo, writers are encouraged to include other

photographs in the article. All of these photos, including the header photograph, must be

captioned at the bottom in italics.

● Photo credits: Photographs are to be credited to the photographer if not taken by the

writer.

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News Agencies

Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is the oldest international news agency in the world - while AFP

was founded under its current name in 1944, its roots go back to the Agence Havas, which was

founded in 1835. Today, AFP publishes in 6 languages and has news bureaus in 151 countries, 2

making it the third largest media agency worldwide. Many news agencies regularly republish 3

AFP news articles and photos, similar to agencies such as Reuters.

AFP’s reporting is marked by being relatively objective, without any particular ideological bias.

This is in alignment with its mission “to provide accurate, balanced and impartial coverage of

news wherever and whenever it happens in the world on a continuous basis.” 4

An example of AFP’s lack of any apparent slant would be its reporting on domestic events, such

as the 2017 French presidential elections. As seen in articles such as “Le Pen, Macron clash in

fiery final French debate” and “France’s presidential election: how the world reacted”, AFP

focuses on reporting different viewpoints of the same issue (in this case, Macron’s and Le Pen’s

different visions for France and how other leaders have reacted) without casting any overt moral

judgement on them. , 5 6

Interestingly, AFP posts opinion-editorials much less frequently than other news agencies,

possibly because most readers read AFP articles through other newspapers. Given how other

newspapers have their own biases, they would naturally choose to publish their own op-eds

instead of publishing those by AFP. The agency’s main source of opinion-editorials is its

2 Agence France-Presse. (n.d.). AFP in dates. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.afp.com/en/agency/afp-dates 3 Agence France-Presse. (n.d.). AFP in the world. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.afp.com/en/agency/about/afp-world 4 Agence France-Presse. (2016, April 4). AFP Charter. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.afp.com/sites/default/files/paragraphrich/201604/12_april_2016_afp_charter_1.pdf 5 Agence France-Presse. (2017, May 4). Le Pen, Macron clash in fiery final French debate. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.rappler.com/world/regions/europe/168799-le-pen-macron-clash-final-french-debate 6 Agence France-Presse. (2017, April 24). France's presidential election: How the world reacted. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.yahoo.com/news/frances-presidential-election-world-reacted-212557185.html

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Correspondent feed, which also publishes other media forms like photo collages, reflections of

reporters’ experiences covering certain events, etc.

AFP prides itself on using photography as a key medium to document news. AFP maintains

social media pages that post photos of current events in current time. AFP produces 3000 new

photos a day, with regional feeds covering key international events as well as news from their

region. Also, as mentioned earlier, AFP’s Correspondent feed regularly features photo essays. 7

Examples include “The pull of ancestors”, “Covering Syria through hunger and fear”, and “A

tale of two statues”. , , 8 9 10

Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency is the national news agency of the People’s Republic of China. Originally

established as the Red China News Agency in 1931, the network is currently the most influential

news website in China. Xinhua is the sole channel for the distribution of important news related

to the Chinese central government.

Xinhua’s president has claimed that the paper supports the “journalistic principles of being true

and comprehensive, objective and balanced, fair and just, promoting progress, putting people

first and cherishing a global vision”, but this has been disputed. The agency has been criticized 11

as being the propaganda machine for the Communist Party.

Xinhua’s coverage on international current affairs concerning China is generally biased towards

the CCP. For instance, Xinhua asserts that China’s sovereignty is being infringed upon due to

foreign claims over the disputed South China Sea islands, even though China’s claim over the

7Agence France-Presse. (n.d.). Picture. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.afp.com/en/products/picture 8 Kohiyama, M. (2017, April 12). The pull of ancestors. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://correspondent.afp.com/pull-ancestors 9 Al-Masri, K., & Moussaoui, R. (2016, September 29). Covering Syria through hunger and fear. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://correspondent.afp.com/covering-syria-through-hunger-and-fear 10 Baz, P. (2018, April 09). A tale of two statues. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://correspondent.afp.com/tale-two-statues 11 Xinhua. Xinhua president spells out reporting principles. (2018, January 23). Retrieved May 3, 2018, from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-01/23/c_136917873.htm

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SCS has been deemed as illegitimate by the United Nations. In the article “Backgrounder: A

brief look at the South China Sea arbitration case”, phrases such as “to challenge China’s

sovereignty over the islands, the Philippines unilaterally…” and “the selection of members of the

tribunal is highly questionable” are used to paint the picture of a highly unjust arbitration. 12

Additionally, Xinhua has consistently denounced foreign media outlets that have criticised

China. In its commentary “Biased Media Reports Reveal Credibility Crisis”, an article about

foreign coverage on the issue of Tibet, Xinhua describes many famous media sources as

“[having] deviated from the basic principles of journalism, deliberately or indeliberately, by

dubbing videos with fake sound bites, putting up photos with misleading captions and making

groundless accusations of the Chinese government.” Such criticism is common in Xinhua’s 13

news report and commentary pieces, as this is the tactic used by Xinhua when reportings that do

not favor its stances, or the Chinese government’s stances, surface in other media platforms.

Al Jazeera English

Al Jazeera English is an international news agency funded by the royal family of Qatar,

established in 2006 as the English counterpart to Al Jazeera Arabic. Al Jazeera positions itself 14

as an impartial voice with a mission to cover all points of view in both the region and worldwide,

though the objectivity of its reporting has been disputed.

Al Jazeera’s claim to impartiality is perhaps best supported by its coverage of the Arab Spring.

Its detailed and extensive coverage of the events, particularly the 2011 Egyptian uprising,

garnered a strong following in America as the go-to network for the crisis in the Arab world. Its 15

12 Xinhua. Backgrounder: A brief look at the South China Sea arbitration case. (2016, July 12). Retrieved May 3, 2018, from http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/12/c_135506812.htm 13 Zhou, Y. (2008, March 26). Commentary: Biased Media Reports Reveal Credibility Crisis. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from http://english.cri.cn/2946/2008/03/26/1042@338172.htm 14 Al Jazeera. About Us. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.aljazeera.com/aboutus/ 15 Knigge, M. (2011, February 10). Al-Jazeera goes from bad guy to good guy in the US | DW |. Retrieved from http://www.dw.com/en/al-jazeera-goes-from-bad-guy-to-good-guy-in-the-us/a-14834808

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coverage of the Libyan civil war prompted Hillary Clinton to praise the network for publishing

“real news”. 16

That being said, the newspaper has drawn criticism from other nations in the Middle East,

culminating in demands for Al Jazeera to be shut down as a requirement for the other Middle

East nations to lift its blockade on Qatar. Al Jazeera has drawn ire from Egypt for its 17

favourable coverage of the Muslim Brotherhood (designated a terrorist organisation by the newly

installed Egyptian government). For instance, it has described the organisation’s ideology as

“embracing the idea of political activism and social responsibility, organising charitable works

and social support programmes”. In such cases, the agency has been labelled as a propaganda 18

outlet for the Qatari government with an underlying Islamist bias.

Furthermore, leaked WikiLeaks cables from 2010 also assert that Al Jazeera serves as a

“bargaining chip in foreign policy negotiations by adapting its coverage to suit other foreign

leaders”, undermining its claim to editorial freedom. On the whole, opinion of Al-Jazeera is 19

rather polarised: supporters celebrate it as an outlet for free expression in the relatively

undemocratic Arab world, while opponents view it as a mouthpiece for the Qatari government.

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is a global media organisation, established in New York City on

September 18, 1851. It strives towards reporting news “without fear or favor”, presenting itself 20

16 Bauder, D. (2011, March 05). Clinton media criticism buoys Al-Jazeera. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/04/AR2011030405714.html 17 Miles, H. (2017, July 01). Al-Jazeera, insurgent TV station that divides the Arab world, faces closure. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jul/01/demand-al-jazeera-closure-shows-how-much-enemies-fear-it 18 Al Jazeera. (2017, June 19). What is the Muslim Brotherhood? Retrieved May 3, 2018, from http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/muslim-brotherhood-explained-170608091709865.html 19 Booth, R. (2010, December 06). WikiLeaks cables claim al-Jazeera changed coverage to suit Qatari foreign policy. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/05/wikileaks-cables-al-jazeera-qatari-foreign-policy 20 The New York Times. Our History. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2018, from http://www.nytco.com/who-we-are/culture/our-history/

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as a factual and reliable source of information. Also known for its polished and skilful writing, 21

NYT has received 125 Pulitzer Prizes to date, more than any other news agency. While the 22

front page of NYT is dominated by domestic issues and politics, articles still cover a large range

of global issues.

NYT believes it holds itself to a high standard of impartiality, which is true for the most part.

Among other things, NYT has in place strict guidelines that ensure sources used in articles are

well-corroborated, increasing the accuracy of any claims made. For instance, NYT is incredibly

conscious of conflicts of interests in writing, and has made a distinct effort in attempting to avoid

them. They have in the past appended pieces in which conflicts of interest between the staff had

not previously been disclosed, such as in Brenda Shaffer’s piece “Russia’s Next Land Grab”. 23

However, despite its aims of impartiality, accuracy and integrity, the New York Times has a

left-centre slant, illustrated by its harsh portrayals of America’s Republican right. This liberal

bias can be easily seen in its news coverage of President Trump. Words with negative

connotations are often used to describe his policies such as in “Can Trump Take Healthcare

Hostage?” and “Hundreds of Immigrant Children Have Been Taken From Parents at US Border”. , 24 25

Further abroad, its reports on certain countries, like China, have also been accused of being

unduly negative. These countries are perceived to be authoritarian and having draconian

measures that restrict freedom of speech or undermine human rights. An example of this would

be an article titled “China’s Newest Film Festival Tests the Limits of Independence”. Despite 26

acknowledging that most Chinese filmmakers believe there is sufficient room for creativity, the

21 Sulzberger Jr., A., & Baquet, D. (2016, November 13). To Our Readers, From the Publisher and Executive Editor. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/13/us/elections/to-our-readers-from-the-publisher-and-executive-editor.html 22 The New York Times. (n.d.). Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.nytco.com/pulitzer-prizes/ 23 Shaffer, B. (2014, September 09). Russia's Next Land Grab. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/10/opinion/russias-next-land-grab.html 24 Krugman, P. (2017, April 14). Can Trump Take Health Care Hostage? Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/14/opinion/can-trump-take-health-care-hostage.html 25 Dickerson, C. (2018, April 21). Hundreds of Immigrant Children Have Been Taken From Parents at U.S. Border. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/us/immigrant-children-separation-ice.html 26 Myers, S. L. (2017, November 02). China's Newest Film Festival Tests the Limits of Independence. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/02/world/asia/china-film-festival-censorship.html

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article’s focus is on film censorship by the Chinese government, and goes on to claim that China

“frowns on independence, [and even more so on] dissent”.

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Awards Criteria

The following awards will be given for the Press Corps committee:

● Best Press Article

● Honourable Mention

● Outstanding Delegate

● Best Delegate

Delegates should achieve the following:

● Submitting all articles according to deadlines

● Submitting a wide range of media forms that show originality

● Writing factually accurate articles that are well-substantiated, with quotes by other

delegates

● Accurately reflecting the news agency’s stance

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Pre-Event Press Release Guidelines

Given the unique nature of Press Corps, the format of position papers will be different from that

of different councils. While similar in function to position papers submitted by delegates in other

MUN councils, the Pre-Event piece is an article rather than a writeup on your agency's position

on various council topics.

The purpose of this is to provide delegates with more practice writing articles, as well as for

chairs to provide feedback on delegates’ stances and writing before the MUN conference begins.

The topic delegates are assigned to write about is the abolishment of the two-term limit on the

Chinese presidency. The article should reflect the style and stance of the assigned press agency.

Delegates can choose to submit either a news article or an opinion-editorial piece.

The article should be no more than 800 words long. It should be submitted as a Microsoft Word

document in Arial font, font size 11, 1.5-line spacing.

This article must be submitted to the RMUN Press Corps email (councilpress.rmun@gmail.com)

by 23 May, 2359 hours. If an extension is required, delegates are to send an email requesting for

one by three days before the deadline. Late submissions will disqualify delegates from awards.

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Suggestions for Further Research

Style Guides and Resources

Associated Press. Associated Press Stylebook. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

http://www.apstylebook.com/

BBC. BBC Academy - Journalism - BBC News style guide. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/journalism/news-style-guide/

Cole, P. (2008, September 25). The Guardian. How to write journalism: How journalists write.

Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

http://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/sep/25/writing.journalism/

Mankiw, N.G. (2014, May 3). The New York Times. Media Slant: A Question of Cause and

Effect. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/04/upshot/media-slant-a-question-of-cause-and-effect.html

Reuters. Handbook of Journalism. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from http://handbook.reuters.com/

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Bibliography

1. Agence France-Presse. (2016, April 4). AFP Charter. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

https://www.afp.com/sites/default/files/paragraphrich/201604/12_april_2016_afp_charter

_1.pdf

2. Agence France-Presse. (n.d.). AFP in dates. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

https://www.afp.com/en/agency/afp-dates

3. Agence France-Presse. (n.d.). AFP in the world. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

https://www.afp.com/en/agency/about/afp-world

4. Agence France-Presse. (2017, April 24). France's presidential election: How the world

reacted. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

https://www.yahoo.com/news/frances-presidential-election-world-reacted-212557185.ht

ml

5. Agence France-Presse. (2017, May 4). Le Pen, Macron clash in fiery final French debate.

Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

https://www.rappler.com/world/regions/europe/168799-le-pen-macron-clash-final-french

-debate

6. Agence France-Presse. (n.d.). Picture. Retrieved May 3, 2018, from

https://www.afp.com/en/products/picture

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