Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Dr. Muhammad Atif QureshiMBBS, FCPS

Associate Professor- Medicine

• What is tuberculosis?• In 2004 alone, 1.6 million people died from

this disease.

History of Tuberculosis

• Record of Tuberculosis present in writtings of Hipocrates.

• Tubercle bacillus was discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch

• Development of Xrays by welhelm Roentgen in 1895 began modern era of TB

• Robert Koch, considered the father of microbiology was the first one to understand that the tuberculosis cause was microbiological in nature.

• He was the first to scientifically prove his conclusions.

• In 1882, Koch gave a lecture on the methodology he used to isolate the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.

• Creating a Medium• Observing a slice of potato that was

mistakenly left exposed to the air, Koch noticed that several spots of different colors formed in different areas of the potato slice, and he understood that each of those colored spots must have been a colony of a certain type of bacteria.

Most common disease patterns

• Pulmonary Tuberculosis• Tuberculous Meningitis• Tuberculous lymphadenitis• Tuberculous pleural effusion• Tuberculous pericardial effusion• Renal Tuberculosis• Tuberculous ophthalmitis• Tuberculous uveitis• Tuberculous endarteritis• Tuberculous cystitis• Tuberculous salpingitis

• Miliary tuberculosis• Disseminated tuberculosis

Investigations • CBC• ESR• Mantoux test• Mycodot test• Sputum for AFB• Xrays• Ultrasonography• CT Scan• Fluid analysis• Bronchoscopy with washings• PCR• Tuberculous Culture