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MOVE OUT and BUILT INTHE REGENERATION OF THE HISTORICAL INNER CIT UNDER HUGE MOVEMENT OF MAGA PLANNING 2020 IN XI’AN

Li Lu 4118162Complex City2011

2#

Move Out and Built InThe regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

Li Lu 4118162Complex City

Contents

1. Background and Introduction

2. City Analysis

3. Problem Statement

4. Research Question

5. Methodology

6. Framework of Thesis

7. Phasing / Time Schedule

8. Final Product

2.1 Strength2.2 Weakness2.3 Opportunity2.4 Threats

Preface: Aim and Motivation

3#



Aim & Motivation

The Regeneration of Inner City Typical ExampleExperience a huge movementChinese Background

Source: http://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/download/attachments/19965/light.jpg

Xi’an 34o15’N 108o55’E

Figure 1.1Location of Xi’an in glocal

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Aim & Motivation

Strategic Location

Human

reSourceS

intergration witH

regionaL cLuSterS

LocaL market DemanD

Figure 1.3FOUR MAIN ADVANTAGES OF INNER CITY(Porter,1995)

(Striptes, 1983)

Figure 1.2The Importance of Historical center

BonD to our PaSt

tHreat of cuLturaL

Homogenety

art of arcHitecture & LanDScaPe

PLace

iDentity

Honor anD

unDerStanDing of Society

Part of

civiL Life

Figure 1.3The Rapid expansion of Chinese city

Figure 1.4The redefine of the historical center

？

5#



1. Background

Beijing-Tianjin Metropolitan

Shanghai DeltaMetropolitan

HongKong DeltaMetropolitan

Xi’anMetropolitan

ChongqingMetropolitan

Ji’nanMetropolitan

ShenyangMetropolitan

Xiamen Metropolitan

ZhengzhouMetropolitan

Harbin-ChangchunMetropolitan

Wuhan-ChangshaMetropolitan

Figure 1.1The eleven metropolitans in China

1.1 Location

Xi’an- In the middle of China-Geological Centre Point-”Gate of the western China”-One of the eleven metropolitans-4th Depth of the metropolitan-Only metropolitan in northweste

6#



Xi’an- History of 3,200 years since 2200B.C.- The capital city of China for 1100 years- The capital city of Shaanxi province- Political land area: 10108km2- Population: 196,180,000

- 9 urban districts + 4 counties- Main urban 3 Original urban district (97km2) 3 secondary districts (736km2)- Urban area (3582km2) main urban + 3 outer districts

Zhouzhi CountyHu County

Lantian County

Gaoling County

Lintong District

Yanliang District

Chang’an District

Baqiao District

Yanta District

WeiyangDistrict

XinchengDistrict

LianhuDistrict

BeilinDistrict

Xi’an City

Inner Districts

Secondary Districts

Outer Districts

Counties

Shaanxi province

Figure 1.3 The districts of xi’an

1. Background

1.2 Land Area

7#



2. City Analysis

The city analysis part start from the SWOT analysis about the complicated background of the city, in order to figure out what kind of future the city is facing and make the problem statement as a conclusion afterwards.

?HISTORY

HUGE MOVEMENT

CURRENTSITUATION

Limit

Opportunity

Strength

Threat

Weakness

HistoricalInnerCity

Attraction

STRENGTH

OPPORTUNITY

WEEKNESS

THREAT

CURRENT

SITUATIO

N POTENTIAL PROBLEM

MEGA PLAN

2020

- History and Heritage - The historical city form

- Saturation in centre- Uneven development- Crux in Network- Spatial Segregation

- The transition of city form- The threat from new district

- The location impact- The movement of train station- The new infrastructure- The movement of power

8#



2.1 Strength

2.1.1 History and Heritage

Xi’an

Xianyang

InternationalAirport

Fengjing & HaojingZhou Dynasty1079BC-256BC

AFang PalaceQin Dynasty221BC-207BC

Chang’an CityHan Dynasty202BC-23AC

Chang’an CitySui & Dang Dynasty581AC-907AC

Xianyang CityQin Dynasty221BC-207BC

2

33

4

11

2

LEGEND

HistoricalWei rivier

HistoricalCanal

HistoricalPoolHistoricalCapital Site

Chang’an City581AC-618AC



LEGEND

HistoricalWei rivier

HistoricalCanal

HistoricalPoolChang’an CityHan Dynasty

City Axis inHan Chang’an

City Axis inother Dynasty

Figure 2.1.2The historical cities after Tang Dynasty

Figure 2.1.1The history capital cities in area Xi’an

Zhou1078B.C.-771B.C.

Han202B.C.-24B.C.

DongHan202A.C.-24A.C.

Qianzhao318A.C.-329A.C.

HouQin386A.C.-417A.C.

BeiZhou557A.C.-581A.C.

Tang618A.C.-907A.C.

Qin221B.C.-207B.C.

Xin8A.C.

-23A.C.

XiJin313A.C.-316A.C.

Qianqin351A.C.-385A.C.

XiWei535A.C.-556A.C.

Sui581A.C.-617A.C.

9#



2.1.1 History and Heritage

2.1 Strength

Figure 2.1.3Protected Heritage

Feng ,Hao (1) Qin Xianyang (2)

AFang Palace (2)

Chang’an City (3)

Chang’an City (3) Tang City wall (4)

Daming Palace (4) Ming City wall

1079 B.C.

256 B.C. 221 B.C. 202 B.C. 23A.C. 618A.C. 907A.C. 1368A.C.

10#



2.1 Strength

2.1.2 The Historical City Form

Figure 2.1.4Chang’an (Tang)

source: http://www.chinabaike.com/article/Upload-Pic/2007-5/2007520184610239.jpg

Figure 2.1.5Inner city area (2009)

source: http://www.lvyou114.com/MapMax/9/2009530172938.gif

Tang Chang’an City- Form of quadrate in block and network- City Wall- 108 Blocks, 4 main streets`- impacts other historical cities (Beijing, Nanjing, Kyoto...)

Historical Inner CIty Xi’an- Form of quadrate in block and network- City Wall (Ming Dynasty)- 4 main streets- Identity of Inner City

11#



2.2 Weakness

2.2.1 Saturation in Centre

- High Density in inner city

Zhouzhi CountyHu County

Lantian County

Gaoling County

Lintong District

Yanliang District

Chang’an District

Baqiao District

Yanta District

WeiyangDistrict

XinchengDistrict

LianhuDistrict

BeilinDistrict

Xi’an City

BeilinXincheng

LianhuYanta

WeiyangBaqiao

YanliangGaolin

LintongChang’an

HuLantianZhouzhi

0 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 20,000 24,000 28,000 32,000 36,000

189263443650750

1,0731,077

1,7622,403

7,62917,167

20,93332,717

Figure 2.2.1Density comparison

figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010

Density of Districts (person/km2)

12#



2.2 Weakness

Figure 2.2.2The growth of city - Xi’an

Den

sity

(10,

000p

erso

n/km

2)

Density historical inner city

Figure 2.2.3The growth of population in Xi’an

Figure 2.2.4The Trend of density in Xi’an


- No high rise allowed inside city wall, protection of skyline- No enough spaces for residents- Low living quality - Lack of public spaces- Growth of population in urban area- Decreasing of population in inner city- The decreasing of density in inner city since 2007- Natually movement because of better environment and jobs

2.2.1 Saturation in Centre

13#



2.2 Weakness

Figure 2.2.5The Land Price of the main urban area

IIIIIIIVVVIVIIIIXIX

2606.001619.001171.00801.00617.00392.00362.00245.00195.00

Grade Price

2.2.2 Uneven Development

land price

14#



Figure 2.2.6The Historical Attractive Location

2.2 Weakness


Historical Attraction

15#



Figure 2.2.7The distribution of social housing

2.2 Weakness


Social Housing

16#



Figure 2.2.8The distribution of office

2.2 Weakness


Office Building

17#



Figure 2.2.5The Land Price of the main urban area

IIIIIIIVVVIVIIIIXIX

2606.001619.001171.00801.00617.00392.00362.00245.00195.00

Grade Price

Figure 2.2.7The distribution of social housing

Figure 2.2.8The distribution of office

Figure 2.2.6The Historical Attractive Location

2.2 Weakness

-social housing in the north and south-western -away from the inner city-social housing located on the edge of the low land price are. -the offices locate concentrates on the south and east area-the land price are higher in south. -the location of social housing seldom have comprehensive service supported.

2.2 Weakness


18#



Residential Area

Local Government

LEGEND

Historical Residential Area

Commercial Area

Culture & Service

Green Space

Plaza

Industrial Area

Railway land

Central Station

Figure 2.2.10The Land use of the historical inner city

Figure 2.2.9The Main urban area

2.2 Weakness


19#



2.2 Weakness

2.2.3 Crux in Network

Two Aspects: -The private transport * Traffic Jam in crux * Unconnection between ringroads * Unbalance in areas -The public transportation * Not fit the requirments * Inconvenience in neibourhoods * Not fit the network development

International Airport

legendRing road

Radiation road

Minor road

Railway

Heritage

Figure 2.2.11The road system of Xi’an

20#



Figure 2.2.12The Integration(HH) of main city Xi’an

figure source:Quan Jin,Zheng Xiaowei, 2008

Figure 2.2.13The Integration(HH) of Xi’an (2008)

A. Road SystemThe road system in Xi’an is following the original tessellated road system thousands years ago. The growth of the ring road was started from the 1990s, before that there was only the first boulevard ring road outside along the city wall, then the 2nd and 3rd ring road were built as enclosed ring road.The integration analysis of the system express how the network influence the spatial form.For almost 50 years, the inner city is still the main core of the network system till now; it brought a lot of pressure inside the city wall.

2.2 Weakness


1965- more the axis-integrated road - mainly extended to the east- integration centre moved to the east

1981- balance between the east and west- integrated centre back to the historical centre- limit in space of east and west

1995- network developed to all direc-tions- high speed expending growth- integration also improved a lot

21st century- the city grew to the south side- integrate level of network in-creased- more integrate centre in west, east and south-along the main cross in middle of inner city

Before 1965 - the urban area concentrated in the city wall- obvious trend of growing.

21#



2.2 Weakness

Figure 2.2.15Possession of civil vehicles (10,000units)

belt tower

main street

main gate

minergate

At present, the network of Xi’an shows several problems as follow:- The most integrated centre still in the historical city centre- The pressure for the historical city centre - The problems of centralize - Unprotected under high pressure.- The tessellated roads and the ring roads cannot work effectively- The enclosed ring road limits the city in different circle levels- The confliction between the unlimited growing of the possession in civil vehicles and network- Traffic jams during rush hours in hi-dens area- The capacity of road system is not growing the same speed as the growing of Motorcars.

Figure 2.2.14Possession of civil vehicles (10,000units)

0112233445566778899

110

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

27.93 31.0337.00

45.5051.67 51.28 54.46

60.81

84.04 87.50

101.29



22#



B . Public TransportationPublic transportation can be a method to solve the problems of transport. For the public transportation is much more effective than private cars, this can decrease the pressure of inner city.The growth of operating vehicles shows that the public transportation have been improved a lot since year 2009, the local government intro-duced more bus lines since then. From the integration analysis- the superposition of most integrated area of road system and reachable area by public transportation. - connection of the secondary centres a not as much as expectation. - not as integrated as the private network system

2.2 Weakness

Figure 2.2.17The Integration of public transportation(2010)

source:Cui Mi, Cao Ronglin, 2011

Figure 2.2.16Operating Vehicles(unit)



23#



2.2 Weakness

The problems are as follows:- The uneven development of the north side to railway. The function of north-ern part is mainly storage in past years. People seldom go there because of the function and unconnected facts. While the area actually is really close to the inner city.- Security problem. Because of the train station and the industrial function, most of residents by the north of the railway are floating people. This area is full of slums, which makes this area keep in a high crime rates all the time. - Ineffective land use and environment problem. Because of lack of other function services, the land is not planned in an effective and integrated way.

Figure 2.2.19The spatial segregation

2.2.4 Spatial Segregation

- caused by the railway and central station- The eastern side inside the city wall no connection with the north city- The only connection is North middle street and the 1st ring outside

24#



Beijing

Xi’an

Zhengzhou

Shanghai

WuhanChongqing

Chengdu

Guangzhou

LEGEND

Old railway

Capital City

New railway

Plan railway

Connection

Nodes

10H

20H

30H

Zhengzhou ZhengzhouBeijing

Beijing

Wuhan Wuhan

ShanghaiShanghai

Guangzhou

Chongqing

Chongqing

Chengdu

Chengdu

Lanzhou

Urumuq

Lasa

10H

20H

30H

Xi’an Central Station Xi’an North Station

10H

20H

30H

Zhengzhou ZhengzhouBeijing

Beijing

Wuhan Wuhan

ShanghaiShanghai

Guangzhou

Chongqing

Chongqing

Chengdu

Chengdu

Lanzhou

Urumuq

Lasa

10H

20H

30H

Xi’an Central Station Xi’an North Station

Figure 2.3.1The rail system of China

Figure 2.3.2The time map of Xi’an main stations

2.3 Opportunity

- one of the 8 most important rail nodes- the only node that has the rail lines to all directions, especially to Xinji-ang and Tibet. - It is the only transfer station connect the eastern and western China. - the “gate of western China”.

- New hi-speed rail system in China- CRH lines connect the core cities- 1 day round-trip between core nodes- decrease the distance, - bring the city more opportunities on commerce and economic.

2.3.1 Impact of Location

25#



2.3 Opportunity

Figure 2.3.3The location of stations and rail lines

LEGEND

Old lines

Hi speed lines

Intercity lines

Train station

Main city area

Xi’an Main Urban Area

Xi’an- Xianyang New District

Xianyang Main Area Central Station

North Station

South Station (in building)

There used to be only the central station as the main station in Xi’an. For the requirement of the new hi-speed rail lines, the old centre train station can no longer take the pressure of such a frequency of trains. So a new station – north train station – has been built since 2011 to take over all the hi-speed lines and some tourism lines.

2.3.2 The Movement of Train Station

26#



Figure 2.3.4The number of passengers in transportation

Figure 2.3.4The consistence of passengers by stations

According to the passenger number of transportation, the number of peo-ple that travelling by train is still keep growing until 2009. For the new hi-speed rail lines will be built in 10 year, it is not hard to conjecture that the figure will increase afterward.Meanwhile, in the coming years, there will be 3 main train stations in Xi’an. * The central station : the normal long distance lines to all direction (main-ly tourism or floating population) * The north station will have most of the high-speed CRH lines and some of the intercity.(mainly daily travel and business) * The south station will be the station for intercity.

It is an opportunity that the new stations take some of the pressure of the central station, and give a new definition of the central station. For the close relation between central station and the historical city centre, it will also impact the social and spatial construction of the old centre.

2.3 Opportunity

2.3.2 The Movement of Train Station

27#



2.3 Opportunity

- 2011, first metro line intro-duced from the north to south. -5 metro designed-2 metro lines pass though -2 metro lines go around the city wall. - Opportunity of better con-nection - Reconstruct the building area by infrastruc-ture. - TOD mode can be an impor-tant scientific relevant way

2.3.3 The New Infrastructures

1st Ring(City Wall)

2nd Ring

3rd Ring

LEGENDRailway/Train station

Current Metro Line

Planing Metro Line

Old/New government(City-Xi’an)Old/Planing Government(Province-Shaanxi)

Figure 2.3.5The metro system plan

28#



Two important local governments - Shaanxi Provincial government - Xi’an city government

Old Situation:-form an atmosphere of politic and office area. -the important attractive points of the histori-cal centre. -pressure of safety and network

Movement: 2011 : the local government of Xi’an city moved out to the north area.- reduce the pressure - attracts the investment to the north

Before 2020: the province government would also move out to the south urban area

After the movement of government ,the historical city centre :- lose the character of power- get more freedom in space- lost of jobs and life

2.3 Opportunity

Figure 2.3.6The movement of local government

Inner city(City Wall)

2nd Ring

3rd Ring

LEGENDRailway/Train station

Current Metro Line

Planing Metro Line

Old/New government(City-Xi’an)Old/Planing Government(Province-Shaanxi)

2.3.4 The Movement of Local Government

29#



2.4 Threats

Main Urban Area Xi’an

Main Urban Area Xianyang

Xi’an-Xianyang

New District

-Xi-xian (Xi’an and Xianyang ) new district. -Xi’an international airport-closet to the Xi’an north train station and Xianyang train station. -Hi-technology, huge historical heritage, landscape and tourism-chance to make the big area of Xi’an more influence on the northwestern China-threat for the main urban area, especially the historical city centre.

The Mega Plan 2020

30#



2.4 Threats

LEGENDMain area(1980)Main area(2000)

Main area(2020)Mono center(1980)satellitic center(2000)

satellitic center(2020)

main road (1980)

main road (2000)metro (2020)

Figure 2.4.2The form of Xi’an

STORAGEHERITAGE

HEAVY INDUSTRY

CULTUREEDUCATION

LIGHTINDUSTRY

COMMERCELIVING

CommerceTourism

Manu-factory

Heritageof Han

LivingTourism

EducationCulture

Hi-techIndustry

TourismLuxury

LivingEcology

HeavyIndustry

Figure 2.4.3The transformation of city form

2.4.1 the transforming of city formTransforming of city form- From one center to multi- centers- In 1990s, clear function devided- 2000s, nine grades form Two scales : 1. nine grades of main urban area in center 2. nine grades of city land (8 satellitic towns)- New definition for historical inncer city

Influence of New definition- The characteristics of historical inner city: heritage buildings, atmosphere of streets and neighbor-hoods.- Demanding of keeping the original residents and their life style.- No define living character, movement of residents will happen in years- Losing of political attraction - Threat to be dead.

31#



2.4 Threats

- Attractions from the new district * Job attraction * Close to new train station * Business and society activites * Cultural and torism attraction- Trend of movement * 300,000 people will move out * Economic and technology movement- Lack of connection between old and new * Lack of public transport in between * Lack of local streets connection

Figure 2.4.5The plan of Xi-Xian New District

2.4.2 The Threat from New District

Figure 2.4.4The definition of Xi-Xian New District

History related zone

Airport related zone

East fengriverzone

West fengriverzone

Jingriverzone

32#



3. Problem Statement

Historical Inner city

Problem

Spatial Problem

Social Problem

Uneven Development

Crux in Network

Spatial Segregation

Saturation in Centre

Land price

Security Problem

Living Environment

Historical Street Protection

Threat

Spatial aspect

Social aspect

Transformation of city form

New district

Human Resources

Job Attraction

Culture lossing

Strength

Opportunity Movement of train station

New infrastructure

Movement of power

Location impact

History and Heritage(culture)

Historical city form

PLACE IDENTITY- Boud to our past- Part of civil life- Culture homogenety- Honor and understanding of society- Art of architecture and landscape

33#



4. Research Question

How to use the huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 to regenerate the historical inner city in Xi’an

Three centralities:A. The regeneration topic. The influence of the huge movement to the historical inner city, with the new definition and functional transfor-mation.B. The transportation topic. The use of Transit-Oriented Development in built area, after the huge movement happens on infrastructure.C. The social topic. Reconstructing the historical neighbourhood for high quality to approach the new attraction.

-What is the form the historical centre before transformation? What problem does the historical inner city has at present? -The new definition and form of city . What role it plays now, and what role it will play after. ( In global and regional scale.)-The relation of the new district and old centre, including the elements of network, function, density, etc. ( Case study and comparison)-The elements that will change in the old centre, and the new spatical frame of historical inner city. ( Problems and challenges)-How the spatial movements will influence condition and life of inhabitants.-How can the top-down and bottom-up approaches contribute each other and give value to the success of the conservation efforts?

MAIN QUESTION

SUB QUESTIONS

34#



5. Methodology

Main Method

ResearchMethod

Up-down Approach

Research

Bottom-UpApproach

DesignComparison

of Case

SWOT

Space Syntax

Literature Review

Centralities

Historical neighborhood

Network

Public Space and Place Identity

Theory

Urban Configuration

Network City

Urban Regeneration

Sustainable Urban

TOD Development

Urban Conservation

Regeneration

35#



5. Methodology

SITE

SOLUTION

NEIGHBOTHOOD

PEOPLECULTURE

POWER

THEORY STUDY

-Urban configuration

-Network city

-Urban Regeneration

-Sustainable urban

CASE STUDY

-Public transport node

(Antwerpen, London, HK)

-Historical regeneration

(Roma, Shanghai)

-Public space

(New York city)

CIVIL REQUIREMENT

-Living environment

-Public Space

-Spatial connection

-Friendly neighborhoods

-Safety

-Service and Infrastructure

POLITICAL AMBITIONS

-International city

-Metropolitan Area

-Mega city Planning 2020

-New district

-Economical goals

THEORY STUDY

-Transit-Oriented

Development

- Urban conservation

RE

SE

AR

CH

RE

SE

AR

CH

DE

SIG

N

Top-Down Approach

Bottom-Up Approach

36#



6. Framework of the thesis

P2

P1

P4P3 P5

CONTEXT AND

BACKGROUND

PRELIMINARYANALYSIS

PROBLEMSTATEMENT

RESEARCHQUESTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

-TOD in historical inner city-Urban regeneration in historical area-Sustainable urban

ANALYSIS RESEARCH

-Urban form transformation-Segregation and fragment-Urban network-Culture and history

STRATEGY

-Inner city regeneration-Network reconstruction-New definition

CASE & COMPARISON

-Public transportation node-Historical regeneration-Public space design

PROJECT DESIGN

-Suggest design principles-Solutions in detail

SPECIFIC RESEARCH

-Public space-Living environment-Civil requirement

-BOOK REVIEW-DOCUMENT REVIEW

-SPACE SYNTAX-MAPPING-MORPHOLOGY-DOCUMENT REVIEW-DATA COLLECTION

-QUESTIONNAIRE-EXPERIMENTAL EXCURSION-PAPERS REVIEW

LOCAL SCALE

CASESTUDY

-REGION-CITY-DISTRICTSCALE

-DOCUMENTREVIEW-DATA COLLECTION-MAPPING

-MAPPING-MORPHOLOGY-DATA COLLECTION-READING

SWOT ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

RESEARCH

RESEARCH

DESIGN

EV

ELU

ATIO

N

INPUT

TOOL BOX

37#



7. Phasing / Time Schedule

Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

Preliminary analysis

Problem Statement & Research Question

Theoty Paper

Analysis Research

Case Study

Literature Review

Strategy

Specific Design Research

Programme Design

Site Choice

DesignEveluate

FinalProduct

ResearchDesign

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

38#



8. Final Product

1. Strategy for the historical inner city of Xi’an.

- Definition of the historical inner city

- Goals and proposal

2. Flexiable spatial principles follow the strategy with two aspects

- Reconstruction of Infrastructure and urban fabric

- Regeneration of historical neighbourhoods

3. Project design work of one important point under the strategy, as a sample.

4. Possible spectacular of the future.

THANK YOU!Questions?

Date post:	30-May-2015
Category:	Technology
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