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P1871 Long Acting Reversible Contraception Adena Bargad · Immediate Post Partum LARC •Of 2000...

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10/2/2018 1 LARCS Update: A Reproductive Justice Perspective ADENA BARGAD, PHD, CNM Objectives 1) Identify LARC methods currently available in US 2) Review US MEC and SPR for LARCS 4) Discuss approaches to LARC problem management 5) Apply a Reproductive Justice Framework to Examine the LARC 1 st approach http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/09/birth-control_n_4070949.html http://www.midwife.org/acnm/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000003461/2013%20ACNM%20Contraception%20Survey%20-%20Executive%20Summary.pdf
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Page 1: P1871 Long Acting Reversible Contraception Adena Bargad · Immediate Post Partum LARC •Of 2000 surveyed, 90% midwives had never done PPIUD or PP Nexplanon ... •WOC report a greater

10/2/2018

1

LARCS Update: A Reproductive Justice Perspective ADENA BARGAD, PHD, CNM

Objectives1) Identify LARC methods currently available in US

2) Review US MEC and SPR for LARCS

4) Discuss approaches to LARC problem     management 

5) Apply a Reproductive Justice Framework to Examine the LARC 1st approach

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/09/birth-control_n_4070949.htmlhttp://www.midwife.org/acnm/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000003461/2013%20ACNM%20Contraception%20Survey%20-%20Executive%20Summary.pdf

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<1

6

9

22‐24

28

18

12

12‐24

9

Adapted from https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/unintendedpregnancy/pdf/contraceptive_methods_508.pdf

Copper IUD

•Brand Name: Paragard®

•MOA: Inhibits fertilization and implantation•Approved for nullips and parous women•Effective for 10 yrs (12)•Efficacy: <1% failure rate  •Most effective method of EC 

DeviceCopper (mm2)

Duration

Copper‐sleeved devices:

TCu380SRecommended first choice for all women opting for Cu IUCD.

380 10

TT 380® SlimlineMarketed as a replacement for the Ortho Gynae® T380 which is no longer available in the UK.

380 10

TCu380A QuickLoad®Replacement for the TCu380A (T‐Safe® 380A) which is no longer available in the UK.

380 10

Mini TT 380® SlimlineCan be used when the uterine cavity is less than 6.5 cm on sounding.

380 5

Flexi‐T® 380There are limited data on the Flexi‐T®. Unlike other banded devices, it therefore cannot be recommended for 10 years of use.

380 5

Copper in stem only:

Ancora® 375 Cu 375 5Cu‐Safe® T300 300 5

Load® 375 375 5

Neo‐Safe® T380 380 5

UT 380 Short®Can be used when the uterine cavity is less than 6.5 cm on sounding.

380 5

Nova‐T® 380 380 5

Novaplus T 380® Cu (mini and normal sizes) 380 5Novaplus T 380® Ag (mini and normal sizes) 380 5

Neo‐Safe® T380 380 5

Multiload® Cu375Can be used when the uterine cavity is less than 6.5 cm on sounding.

375 5

Multi‐Safe® 375 375 5

Multi‐Safe® 375 Short StemCan be used when the uterine cavity is less than 6.5 cm on sounding.

375 5

Flexi‐T® 300Can be used when the uterine cavity is less than 6.5 cm on sounding.

300 5

Flexi‐T® 380 380 5

Frameless copper devices:

GyneFix®Can be used when the uterine cavity is less than 6.5 cm on sounding.

330 5

Gynefix ® 

For <6.5cm uterus 

Multisafe ®

2 sizes

Types of Copper IUDs Available in UK 

https://patient.info/doctor/intrauterine‐contraceptive‐device‐pro

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Levonorgestrel IUD: 4 AvailableBrand Name

Size Inserter Diameter

Mg Years Effective FDA (empirical)

Parity FDA (empirical)

Non‐ContraceptiveUseFDA (off label) 

Mirena®

Liletta®32 X 32mm

4.4mm 52 5   (7)3   (7)

Parous (Any)

Menorrhagia(endometrial hyperplasia; menopausal HT)

*Kyleena® 30 X 28mm

3.8 19.5 5 Any

*Skyla® 30 x 28mm

3.8 13.5 3 Any 

Implant •Brand name: Nexplanon® 

•Solid, single rod; 2x 40mm

•Contains etonogestrel 68mg (progesterone only)

•Effective for 3 years (4)

•MOA: Inhibits ovulation

Implant: Insertion and Removal 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug7q_1RUMio https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUfc3XZnb9c

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10/2/2018

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How long until protection from pregnancy after initiation?

Immediately:Copper‐T IUD

LNG IUSImplant

1 week:If >5d since 1st day of cycle:

Adapted from: Association of Reproductive Health Professionals www.arhp.org

Immediate Post Partum LARC•Of 2000 surveyed, 90% midwives had never done PPIUD or PP Nexplanon

•Reimbursement and inadequate training 

•NY State Medicaid Reimbursement for PP LARC ; ACOG Resource Digest

•https://www.acog.org/‐/media/Departments/LARC/NYSmidwifereimbursement.pdf?la=en&hash=AA91E19B2D2EF6AB5E3D0AAAF426A5E76602314B

https://www.acog.org/‐/media/Departments/LARC/IPPLARCResourceDigestReplaceable.pdf?dmc=1ts=20160819T1326385264

Moniz, M., Roosevelt, L., Crissman, H., et al. (2017) Immediate postpartum contraception: A survey needs assessment of a national sample of midwives. JMWH,  62 ( 5 ), 538–544. 

US Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (CDC Contraception US MEC/US SPR, 2016)

• Contraceptive method

• Patient characteristics (age, smoking status, etc.)

• Preexisting conditions (hypertension, epilepsy, etc.)

• Initiating v. Continuing

https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/mmwr/mec/summary.html

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US Medical Eligibility Criteria

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322856#

US Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (CDC US SPR,2016)

•When to start•Missed pills

•Bleeding problems•Exams and tests

•Follow‐up•How to be reasonably certain that a woman is not 

pregnanthttps://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/mmwr/spr/summary.html

STI testing for IUDsWt/BMI for HC

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10/2/2018

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Problem Management: IUD Insertion Pain

•Allis Clamp v. Tenaculum

•Ibuprofen• Anesthetic options:1) None

2) benzocaine gel 20% 

3) 5‐10 cc of 1% lidocaine injection (cervix) 

4) Paracervical Block (nullips) 

Allis Clamp 

Hatcher, R.A., Zieman, M., Allen, A., Lathrop, E. Haddad, Let al. (2017‐2018). Managing contraception, 14th Ed. Tiger, Georgia: Bridging the Gap Foundation .  

Problem Management: Vasovagal Reaction/Syncope (Fainting) 

•Excessive pooling in extremities

•Prodromal Symptoms

•Screen for risk

•Watch patient for signs of impending vasovagal reaction

•Intervention:•Contract extremities!•Anticipatory guidance

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10/2/2018

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Problem Management: Heavy/Late Bleeding IUD Implant

R/O pregnancy, infection, lesion/fibroid, anemia 

R/O pregnancy, infection, lesion/fibroid, anemia

R/O Expulsion/ Displacement (sono, x‐ray) R/O Expulsion/Displacement (sono, x‐ray)

Mngmt: • Ibuprofen 800mg PO TID during 

bleeding episodes• COCs 1‐3 cycles

Mngmt: • Ibuprofen 800mg PO TID• Estrogen QD x 21 d (CCEE .0625‐2.5mg, 

EE 1‐2mg)• COCs x 1 cycle

Removal prn Removal prn

Hubacher D, Chen P-L, Park S. Side effects from the copper T IUD: do they decrease over time? Contraception. 2009;79(5):356-62.Sivin I. Utility and drawbacks of continuous use of a copper T IUD for 20 years. Contraception. 2007;75(suppl):S70-5.

http://www.obgmanagement.com/index.php?id=21603&cHash=071010&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=177032

Problem Management: Missing Strings

or remove with ring forceps

or remove with ring forceps w/tenaculum

Problem Management:Pregnancy with IUD in Place

• R/O ectopic • Remove IUD if strings are accessible• Removal decreases risk of:

– Spontaneous abortion– PROM, PTL/B– Chorioamnionitis

ParaGard PI. 2013; Mirena PI. 2013; Skyla PI. 2013; UK Family Planning Research Network. Br J Fam Plann. 1989; Foreman H. Obstet Gynecol. 1981; Atrash HK. 1994.

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10/2/2018

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Implant: Problem Management SITE COMPLICATION NONPALPABLE

Bleeding: steri strips and pressure dressing 

Infection: Dicloxacillin 500mg PO QIDCephalexin 500mg PO QIDWarm CompressesF/U 72 hrsRemove prn 

X‐RayMRIMerk testing for Etonegestrellevel, prn

CHOICE Project• 75% Chose LARC

• Continuation/Satisfaction at 1 yr: 86% LARC  v. 55% SARC

• Continuation/Satisfaction 2 & 3 yrs: 72% LARC v. 39% SARC

Rates of Unintended Pregnancy

http://www.choiceproject.wustl.edu/

Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec; 57(4): 635–643.doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000070

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Colorado Family Planning Project2009 to 2014:

LARC users increased from 6.4 percent to 30.5 percent.Teen birth rate was nearly cut in half.Teen abortion rate was nearly cut in half.Second and higher order births to teens were cut by 57 percent.Birth rate among young women ages 20‐24 was cut by 20 percent.Costs avoided: almost 70 million dollars.

http://www.brownpoliticalreview.org/2015/11/birds‐bees‐and‐iuds‐why‐colorados‐successful‐experiment‐with‐long‐term‐contraception‐is‐poised‐to‐fail/

https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/PSD_TitleX3_CFPI‐Report.pdf

All Women

White Hispanic Black

All Women

Unintended pregnancy rate  per 1000 women 15‐44

Page 10: P1871 Long Acting Reversible Contraception Adena Bargad · Immediate Post Partum LARC •Of 2000 surveyed, 90% midwives had never done PPIUD or PP Nexplanon ... •WOC report a greater

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Percentage of people in US without health insurance in the United States from 2010 to 2016

Source: CDC; NCHS ID 200970

Note: United States

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0%

National average

Hispanic (of any race)

Asian

Black

White (not Hispanic)

Share of population

2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010

Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 8.

Contraceptive use at last sex by Race/Ethnicity

93

85

90

Grady, C. D., Dehlendorf, C., Cohen, E. D., Schwarz, E. B., & Borrero, S. (2015). Racial and Ethnic Differences in Contraceptive Use Among Women Who Desire No Future Children, 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Contraception, 92(1), 62–70. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2015.03.017

61

55 55

20 2019 19

2527

NSFG 2006‐2010: 2624 heterosexually active women, who do not desire future children at last intercourse

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Contraceptive Preferences 

•No method is a 100% match with any woman’s or groups preferences

•WOC report a greater number of features to be extremely important 

•WOC have preferences that most closely matched low or moderate efficacy methods •Desire for self‐control over initiating and discontinuing method

• Immediate return to fertility 

•No interference with menstrual cycles

•Use only w/sex •STI protection 

History of Lived Experiences

Slavery         1900‐1940s BC as Genocide    1960s‐1980s   Incentive

Programs   

1600s‐1800s             Eugenics        19602‐70s    Forced 

Sterilization       1990s

Reproductive Justice: Foundational Principle

“The human rights of women include their right to have control over and decide freely and 

responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of 

coercion, discrimination, and violence.” (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2014)

Ross, L.J. (2017). Reproductive Justice as Intersectional Feminist Activism. Souls, 19 (3), 286–314 .

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Reproductive Justice: Tenets(1) The right to have a child

(2) The right not to have a child

(3) The right to parent children in safe and healthy environments free from violence perpetrated by the state, corporate entities, or  individuals

(4) Systemic inequality—past and present racism, sexism, classism/poverty‐‐‐exert influence on a person’s or a group’s exercising these rights

(5) Safe fertility control, childbirth, and parenting are impossible without human rights protections (Civil; Political; Economic; Social; Cultural; Environmental; Developmental; Sexual)

LARC First: “Celebration Meets Caution” (Higgins, 2014)

Higgins, J.A. (2014). Celebration meets caution: LARC's boons, potential busts, and the benefits of a reproductive justice approach. Contraception, 89 (4), 237 – 241.

• LARC  alone can’t address relational, social, and cultural factors that undermine contraceptive use.

• What role can it play?

• Unfair to place burden of social change on women and contraceptive behaviors. • What is the role of individual responsibility?

• Efficacy is not only consideration. • How important a consideration should it be?

• Role of providers is unbiased, individualized counseling. • Do we have a role in reducing public expenditures? Ensuring all people use most effective 

methods? 

https://www.your‐life.com/en/contraception‐methods/which‐contraception‐is‐right‐for‐me/

Choosing BC: Individualized Counseling

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LARCS: Coming soon….?

Veracept Levocept

FDA: Accepted for Review Phase III Clinical Trials US

Intrauterine Ball3 sizes5 yrs

Contraceptive ChipLevonorgestrelRemote Controlled16 yrs LARC for Men!

Testosterone1 yr

Nestorone/Ethinyl Estradiol Vaginal Ring13 cycles (in 21 days, out 7)


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