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P2 Midterm PresentationComplex Cities Graduation Studio Monitored by Verena Balz and Leo van den Burg Studied by Tanja Grubic_4118928
BELGRADE MEETING ITS RIVERFRONT
Bathers on the Sava River, source: http://www.dexpressbg.com/
DIA
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Analysis
Causes
Context
HistoricalCity FormPlanningPoliticalTerritory
City-River ContactFunctions
MorphologyBelgrade I, II, III
City FormDevelopment
Image Centralities
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRYRIVER SCALE
CITY SCALE
REGIONAL SCALE
TH
EORY
P2/METHODOLOGY GUIDE
METHODS
PLACE AND NON-PLACE
PLACELESSNESS
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
METHODOLOGY
ST
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Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
FINA
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CONTEXT
The Frozen Sava River, http://www.dexpressbg.com/
• Administrative position• Geographic position• Political position
REGIONAL SCALE
CITY SCALE
• Administrative division
RIVER SCALE
• River Sectors• Coast Boarder
150 km
100 mi
• Administrative position• Geographic position• Political position
REGIONAL SCALE
Administrative Position
Geographic Position
Balkan Peninsula position Position in Sava-Danube-network of cities
Coats of arms as the identifications and representations of the cities
CONTEXT
Belgrade1.15 millionBelgrade
Belgrade
Budapest1.73 million
Zagreb792.000
Ljubljana270.000
Vienna1.7 million
Bratislava431. 000
Danube
Sava
Danube
Dan
ube
Position in Europe
Owned by the author
Owned by the authorOwned by the author
Coats od arms, source: wikipedia.com
Owned by the author Owned by the author
Position in the region Position in Serbia
INT
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Rhine–Main–Danube Canal connecting North Sea and Black Sea
Belgrade Position
Black Sea
EU member states EU member states - river role
• Administrative position• Geographic position• Political position
REGIONAL SCALE
CONTEXT
owned by the authorowned by the author
INT
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CONTEXT
CITY SCALE
• Administrative division
RIVER SCALE
• River Sectors• Coast Boarder
Municipality of Zemun
Municipality of Palilula
Municipality of Zvezdara
Municipality of Voždovac
Municipality of Grocka
Municipality of Rakovica
Municipality of Čukarica
Municipality of Old Town (Stari Grad)
Municipality of New Belgrade
Municipality of Savski Venac
Municipality of Vračar
COAST BORDER
Municipal-administrative division of the city
owned by the author, source: http://www.beograd.rs/
owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010 owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade, 2008
TO INTEGRATE BELGRADE AND ITS RIVERS THROUGH A STRATEGIC DESIGN WITH RESPECT TOWARDS EXISTING/DISREGARDED VALUES (CULTURAL
VALUES, HERITAGE VALUES, NATURAL VALUES ETC.) BASED ON A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND (GEO)POLITICAL AS-
PECTS OF THE CITY
THE PROJECT AIM:
DIAGNOSIS ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM
-VARIOUS INFLUENCES OF THE CITY DEVELOPMENTto understand how historical events, political climates and social changes impact city development.
-VALUESto analyze the spatial organization of the river and its surroundings, in order to identify values on differentlevels (cultural, natural, political, historical and social etc.), potentials and constraints.
THEORY ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM
-NON-PLACESto understand the meaning and manifesting of the phenomenon of place and non-place, through a theoreticalstudy, and to identify its manifestations on the Belgrade Riverfront
PROJECT ORIENTED DIMENSIONS OF THE AIM
- SPATIAL CITY-RIVER CONNECTIONto develop a spatial strategy to cohesively connect city and the river in order to consolidate the cultural,historical, social and functional dimension
FINA
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SIS
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRY
PLACE AND NON-PLACE
PLACELESSNESS
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
MET
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DIAG
NO
SIS
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRY
Belgrade around 1938, source: http://www.dexpressbg.com/
DIAG
NO
SIS
DISCONTINUITYDISCONTINUITY
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
• Historical literature reviews• (Geo)political climate under-
standing from literature and prac-tice - Ognjen Gogic (political sci-ences)
• Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from literature and practice - Miodrag Kecman (urbanism)
Final Product
Methods
Strategy
dominant
DIAG
NO
SES
PAST
City History Timeline
Before YU
YU period
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
DISCONTINUITY
DIAG
NO
SISROLESPAST
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
City-River Roles History Timeline
DIAG
NO
SISWAR
NATURE
PAST-TODAY
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
DISCONTINUITY
DIAG
NO
SISPLANNING
TIME
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
DISCONTINUITY
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
DIAG
NO
SISCLASSICAL PRINCIPLES
IDEOLOGIC PLANS
DISCONTINUITY
Kovaljevski’s illustrative vision of New Belgrade based on traditional values, 1923, (Blagojević, 2007) Werner March’s plan for monumental Olympic Stadium in Belgrade , 1939, (Blagojević, 2007)
Vision for a New Belgrade made by Urban Institute of Serbia in 1947 , (Blagojević, 2007)
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
DIAG
NO
SISLA VILLE RADIEUSE
DISCONTINUITY
Plan for New Belgrade made by Nikola Dobrovic in 1948 , (Blagojević, 2007) Design plan for New Belgrade made by Vido Vrbanic in 1950 , (Blagojević, 2007)
Branko Petricic’s plan based on “La Ville Radieuse” made in 1958 , (Blagojević, 2007)
Plan for central zone of Belgrade that was result of combination of two plans, 1960 , (Blagojević, 2007)
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
DIAG
NO
SES
DISCONTINUITY
Political Timeline
Before YU
YU period
Historical
City Form
Political
Territory
Planning
Analysis
Causes
Palace of SerbiaScale too big in comparisson to the needs
- Radius of impact changes- Demographic profile changes- Role is changes?
Territorial changes (Topalović, 2011)
Headquarters of YU governmentScale corresponds to country needs* Foundation and the first conference of the Non-aligned movement 1961
http://content9.flixster.com/question/49/99/39/4999395_std.jpg
DISCONTINUITY
Historical literature reviews
Understanding of (Geo)political cli-mate from literature and practice - Ognjen Gogic (political sciences)
Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from lit-erature and practice - Miodrag Kec-man (urbanism)
Strategy
HistoricalCity Form
PoliticalTerritory
PlanningAnalysis
Causes
METHODSPROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS FINAL PRODUCT
DIAG
NO
SIS
DISCONNECTIONDISCONNECTION
City-River Contact
Functions
Morphology
Analysis
Causes
• Mapping river area according to different criteria
• Typological studies and categories• Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city
Final Productdominant
Methods
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
DIAG
NO
SIS
City-River Contact
Functions
Morphology
Analysis
Causes
DISCONNECTIONCity-River Connection, owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010
DIAG
NO
SIS
City-River Contact
Functions
Morphology
Analysis
Causes
Belgrade Port
Sava Amphitheater
Old Center Zemun
City-River Connection, owned by the author, source: Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade and group of authors, 2010
http://www.beogradcvor.rs/files/savski_amfiteatar.jpg
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/308/p1010171id1.jpg/sr=1
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/sh/9/9c/Luka_Beograd.jpg
DIAG
NO
SIS
City-River Contact
Functions
Morphology
Analysis
Causes
DISCONNECTION
Infrastructure Distribution of Industrial Sites
Distribution of (in)active green areas
owned by the author owned by the author
owned by the author
DIAG
NO
SIS
City-River Contact
Functions
Morphology
Analysis
Causes
OFF THE RIVERCITY SHAPE
DISCONNECTIONowned by the author
Mapping river area according to differ-ent criteria
Typological studies and categories
Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city
Analysis
Causes
City-River Contact
FunctionsMorphology
DISCONNECTIONStrategic
Interventions
Strategic Plan
METHODSPROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS FINAL PRODUCT
DIAG
NO
SIS
Belgrade I, II, III
City Form
Analysis
Causes
FRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATION
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
• Mapping river area in a broader coast-belt in order to understand fragments
• Typological studies and categories• Literature and empirical research
of fragment manifestations
Final Productdominant
Methods
DIAG
NO
SIS
3rd Belgrade
New Belgrade
City Center
RURAL
MODERNIST CITY
COMPACT CITY
NATURAL CONTACT WITH WATER
RECREATIONAL RIVER CONTACT
INDUSTRIAL RIVER CONTACT
Belgrade I, II, III
City Form
Analysis
Causes
owned by the author
DIAG
NO
SIS
Belgrade I, II, III
City Form
Analysis
Causes 3rd Belgrade
New Belgrade
City Center
RURAL
MODERNIST CITY
COMPACT CITY
NATURAL CONTACT WITH WATER
RECREATIONAL RIVER CONTACT
INDUSTRIAL RIVER CONTACT
71
71
71
owned by the author
DIAG
NO
SIS
Belgrade I, II, III
City Form
Analysis
Causes
“STABILITY OF INFORMAL AND INSTABILITY OF THE FORMAL”
(Topalovic, 2011)
Topalovic, 2011, p.
FRAGMENTATION
Compact block changes, owned by the author
Modernist City changes, owned by the author, source - (Topalovic, 2011)
Padina - example of the informal settlement, (Topalovic, 2011)
Mapping river area in a broader coast-belt in order to understand fragmentsTypological studies and categories
Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations
Analysis
Causes City Form
Belgrade I, II, IIIStrategic
Interventions
Strategic Plan
FRAGMENTATION
METHODSPROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS FINAL PRODUCT
DIAG
NO
SISASYMMETRY
ASYMMETRY
• Understanding river from its ori-gin as a space due to its undefined symbolic
• Mapping and studying relations be-tween centralities in the city
• Literature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its ex-pressions
Final Productdominant
Methods
Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
Development Line
Centralities
Analysis
Causes
DIAG
NO
SIS
Development Line
Centralities
Analysis
Causes
START OF THE RIVER DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE CITY BECOMES A CENTER
ASYMMETRYCitz Development, owned by the author, source, Grozdanic, 2008
DIAG
NO
SIS
Commercial and economic centers
Historical centers
RIVER
CITY
Brownfield centers
Development Line
Centralities
Analysis
Causes
owned by the author owned by the author
owned by the author
Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolicMapping and studying relations be-tween centralities in the cityLiterature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions
Analysis
CausesCentralities
Development Line ASYMMETRY
Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
METHODSPROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS FINAL PRODUCT
DISCONTINUITY
Historical literature reviews
Understanding of (Geo)political cli-mate from literature and practice - Ognjen Gogic (political sciences)
Understanding planning methods, trends and implementation from lit-erature and practice - Miodrag Kec-man (urbanism)
Strategy
HistoricalCity Form
PoliticalTerritory
PlanningAnalysis
Causes
METHODSPROBLEM-DEFINING METHODS FINAL PRODUCT
Mapping river area according to differ-ent criteria
Typological studies and categories
Literature and in-practce research, based on current state of the river and the city
Analysis
Causes
City-River Contact
FunctionsMorphology
DISCONNECTIONStrategic
Interventions
Strategic Plan
Mapping river area in a broader coast-belt in order to understand fragments
Typological studies and categories
Literature and empirical research of fragment manifestations
Analysis
Causes City Form
Belgrade I, II, IIIStrategic
Interventions
Strategic Plan
FRAGMENTATION
Understanding river from its origin as a space due to its undefined symbolicMapping and studying relations be-tween centralities in the cityLiterature and empirical research on urban asymmetry and its expressions
Analysis
CausesCentralities
Development Line ASYMMETRY
Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
DIAGNOSIS
THEO
RY
Place & Non-Place
Placelessness
Existential space
WHY THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HOW?
“He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast.”
Leonardo da Vinci
Approach
http://img2.imagesbn.com/images/102380000/102386453.jpg
THEO
RY
Place & Non-Place
Placelessness
Existential space
PLACE AND NON-PLACE PLACE
SPACE
&
&
NON-PLACE
Approach
WHY?
• Specific Case of river that has undefined charac-ter and that its values cannot be measured ac-
cording to existing urban tissue
• Relating Place to different notions of politics, cul-ture, social characteristics, planning etc...
THEO
RY
Place & Non-Place
Placelessness
Existential space
PLACELESSNESSMANIFESTATIONS
PLACELESSNESS
Approach
THEO
RY
“A. Other-directedness in places- Landscape made for tourists- Entertainment districts- Commercial strips- Synthetic or pseudo-places- Futurist places
B. Uniformity and standardization in places- Instant new towns and suburbs- Industrial commercial developments- New roads, airports etc.- International styles in design and architecture
C. Formlessness and lack of human scale and order in places- Subtopias- Gigantism (skyscrapers, megalopoli)- Individual features unrelated to cultural or physical setting
D. Place destruction (Abbau)- Impersonal destruction in war (e.g. Hiroshima, villages in Viet-nam)- Destruction by excavation, burial- Destruction by expropriation and redevelopment by outsiders (e.g. urban expansion)
E. Impermanence and instability of places- Places going continuous redevelopment (e.g. many central busi-ness districts)- Abandoned places “ (E Relph, 2008., p. 118-119.)
Place & Non-Place
Placelessness
Existential space
PLACELESSNESS
MANIFESTATIONS
Approach
EXISTENTIAL SPACE THEO
RY
Place & Non-Place
Placelessness
Existential space
Approach
THEO
RYLEVELS OF EXISTENTIAL SPACE
BY NORBERG SCHULZ, DRAWN BY E RELPH (2008)
Place & Non-Place
Placelessness
Existential space
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Approach
Levels of existential space (E Relph, 2008., p. 71)
THEO
RYLEVELS F EXISTENTIAL SPACE
CONNECTION WITH THE PROJECT
Place & Non-Place
Placelessness
Existential space
Approach
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Elaborating on “Belgrade school“ (+other types of floor-plans that il-lustrate change in how people live) concept of apartment floor-plans in order to show culture of living as a background for individual percep-tion of space and place .
Understanding the morphology of different street and urban patterns in relation with different peri-ods of time when those were dominant. After gen-eral analyses of those types on a scale of the city as whole, more detailed studies on typologies will take place. The detailed observations will take place broader riverfront area. In this way project will fo-cus on morphological and cultural existing context.
Fig. 48 floor-plans in Belgrade in 50’s (Mecanov, 2008, p. 130)
Fig. 49, The city centralities : old city centers, brownfield centralities, commerce and of-fice centralities respectfully, owned by the author, source (Petrovic, 2001)
Fig. 50, The timeline-based drawing of conclusions about geopolitics, history, nation etc., owned by the author
Fig. 47 - Levels of existential space (E Relph, 2008., p. 71)
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
Blok 29, http://a4.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc3/26277_351653468876_351627403876_3815000_4420239_n.jpg
Development of the city in 1945owned by the author, source: Korica, 1989
Development of the city from 1945-1980owned by the author, source: Korica, 1989
Dominant morphological types of blocks in 1945, owned by the author
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
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Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
FINA
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Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
DISCONTINUITY
ASYMMETRY
Strategy
FINAL PRODUCT
FINA
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STRATEGIC PLAN
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRY
FINAL PRODUCT
STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRY
FINA
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FINAL PRODUCT
ST
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Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
FIN
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DU
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Strategy
FINAL PRODUCT
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
Strategic Plan
Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRY
DIA
GN
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INT
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Analysis
Causes
Context
HistoricalCity FormPlanningPoliticalTerritory
City-River ContactFunctions
MorphologyBelgrade I, II, III
City FormDevelopment
Image Centralities
DISCONTINUITY
DISCONNECTION
FRAGMENTATION
ASYMMETRYRIVER SCALE
CITY SCALE
REGIONAL SCALE
TH
EORY
P2/METHODOLOGY GUIDE
METHODS
PLACE AND NON-PLACE
PLACELESSNESS
EXISTENTIAL SPACE
METHODOLOGY
ST
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EG
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Strategy
Strategic Plan
Strategic Interventions
FINA
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thank you for your attention