Strategy for socially vulnerable areas, affected by unequal distribution of public gains. The case of Valencia, Spain

URBAN DEMOCRACYP2P2Strategy for socially vulnerable areas, affected by P2Strategy for socially vulnerable areas, affected by unequal distribution of public gains. P2unequal distribution of public gains. The case of Valencia, SpainP2The case of Valencia, Spain

URBAN DEMOCRACYP2URBAN DEMOCRACY

Domantas Stukas

d.stukas@student.tudelft.nl

4116267

TU Delft Faculty of Architeture

MSc Urbanism, Complex Cities

24 January 2012

2

Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Lack of distribution of benefits from large urban projects.Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist Public money spent on tremendously expensive isolationist urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.urban projects.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.Increasing fragmentation and social vulnerability.

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Problem statement

What are the existing socio-economic and spatial conditions in specific areas of Valencia?What is vulnerability? What indicators define it?How can social vulnerability be alleviated by spatial planning?What is the current strategy of Valencia’s city to cope with social of vulnerability?What are the effects of existing LUPs in Valencia and what are predictable outcomes of the future ones?How successful are the LUPs in Valencia? How to evaluate it objectively?What conditions make LUPs be more beneficial for local communities?

What are the strategic spatial interventions necessary to deal with the problems of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia?

What are the existing possibilities of spatial planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for local communities in Valencia?

ReseaRch questions

sub-ReseaRch questions

What are the strategic spatial interventions necessary to deal with the problems of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia?

sub-ReseaRch questions

What are the existing possibilities of spatial planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for local communities in Valencia?

with the problems of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia?

4

stRuctuRe of pResentationstRuctuRe of pResentationDescRiption of contextDECENTRALIZATION OF PLANNING 6

LAND USE LAW 7

STRATEGIC PLANNING OF VALENCIA 9

LARGE URBAN PROJECTS 10

aims of the pRoject 11

theoRetical fRamewoRk 12

EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC GAINS 13

VULNERABILITY 15

analysis 20

FINDINGS 28

PRELIMINARY INTERVENTION AREA 29

methoDology 32

EXPECTED DELIVERABLES 34

conclusion 35

SOURCES OF IMAGES 375

DecentRalization of planning

uRban planning moDel

ReDistRibution of funDing

87.375.6 72.6 66.2 63 59.5 54

312.2 14.6 20.5 23.2 26.9 33

9.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.8 13.6 13

0%

100%

1981 1984 1987 1990 1992 1997 2001

LocalRegionalCentral

87.375.6 72.6 66.2 63 59.5 54

312.2 14.6 20.5 23.2 26.9 33

9.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.8 13.6 13

0%

100%

1981 1984 1987 1990 1992 1997 2001

LocalRegionalCentral

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

REGIONAL GOVERNMENT

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

GENERAL AND MUNICIPAL PLANS DEVELOPMENT PLANS

DEVELOPEDLAND

DEVELOPABLELAND

NOT DEVELOPABLE LAND

Subsidiary Planning Codes (SPC—Normas Subsidiarias de Planeamiento)

Urban Land Delimitation Projects (ULDP-

Proyectos de Delimi-tación de Suelo Urbano)

Detail Studies (DT—Estudios de Detalle)

Special Plans (SP—PlanesEspeciales)

Urban Development Action Programmes (UDAP—Programas de Actuación Urbanística)

Partial Plans (PP—Planes Parciales)

Regi

onal

Stra

tegi

c Fr

amew

ork

Gen

eral

Dev

elop

men

t Pl

an (G

DP—

Plan

Gen

eral

d

e O

rden

ació

n)

DecentRalization of planning

6

lanD use law

37 40 35 4259

165

221221221 242

050

100150200250

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

changes in lanD classification

lanD use plan 2007

numbeR of new Developments

lRau `94Ley Reguladora de la Actividad Urbanistica

02010198819831966

100%

Non-Developable LandDevelopable Land

Urbanized Landlanlanl D use lawlawl

7

lanD use law

37 40 35 4259

165

221221221 242

050

100150200250

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

changes in lanD classification

lanD use plan 2007numbeR of new Developments

lRau `94Ley Reguladora de la Actividad Urbanistica

02010198819831966

100%

Non-Developable LandDevelopable Land

Urbanized Landlanlanl D use lawlawl

8

GlobalIdentity

Open city to the Sea

High-SpeedTrain

Culture, high-tech and knowledgeoriented

City of congressesand meetings

America’scup sailing mega-event

Better Regional connection

stRategic planning of valencia

1995 200720021998

Start the process of change!

Culture and Tourism

stRategic planning of ategic planning of valenciavalenciavategic planning of

9

tuRia gaRDen

1988Green BackboneSports & ActivitiesLocals Oriented

centRal paRk

20??Quality of LifeLeisure & ActivitiesCitizen oriented

city of aRts anD science

1998-2011Global IdentityEducativeExtremely ExpensiveLimited UseExpensive Maintenance

f1 city ciRcuit

2008Urban Regeneration (abandoned industry)Global EventMaintenance costHigh Class Oriented

ameRica’s cup poRt

2007Urban Regeneration (beach)Global EventRevenue generativeLuxury tourism oriented

1988Green BackboneSports & ActivitiesLocals Oriented

centRal paRk

20??Quality of LifeLeisure & ActivitiesCitizen oriented

1998-2011Global IdentityEducativeExtremely ExpensiveLimited UseExpensive Maintenance

2008Urban Regeneration (abandoned industry)Global EventMaintenance costHigh Class Oriented

2007Urban Regeneration (beach)Global EventRevenue generativeLuxury tourism oriented

tuRia gaRDen

city of aRts anD science

f1 city ciRcuit

ameRica’s cup poRt

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3 4

5

laRge uRban pRojectslalal Rge uge uRban pRojectsojects

10

aims of the pRoject

Improve the conditions of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia

Enhance positive outcomes of existing

and future LUPs to local communities

12

11

theoRetical fRamewoRk

12

EQUITY - the quality of being fair and impartial.INTEGRITY - adherence to moral and ethical principles.

Oxford Dictionary

equal DistRibution of public gains

I am greedy!

13

Regulationllicitudin nisl non mi tempor aliquet. Proin lacinia, sem quis volutpat tempus, odio urna aliquet risus, eget fermentum orci purus sit amet quam. Vivamus non orci ut mi volutpat malesuada. Nam semper pellentesque aliquam. Duis interdum, lacus ut iaculis consectetur, ipsum ligula ultricies mauris, a ultrices sem ligula sed ipsum. Quisque sem justo, euismod nec lobortis suscipit, porttitor vel turpis. Integer eu mattis justo. Donec felis mauris, sagittis eu iaculis in, porttitor vel justo. Fusce vitae arcu non sapien dignissim varius. Morbi non lorem justo. Proin id arcu a nibh fermentum facilisis eu sit amet metus. Donec varius aliquet est sed pulvinar. Etiam vitae mauris quam. Quisque eget purus nisl, sit amet iaculis neque.

Nunc quis interdum tortor. Duis id ligula nec dolor convallis hendrerit quis sit amet arcu. Cras semper posuere ante. Aenean id nunc eget velit pellentesque congue. Nullam ut faucibus velit. Nunc risus erat, feugiat nec euismod eget, bibendum sit amet diam. Donec a pulvinar enim.

Praesent ac ante ante. Donec molestie tincidunt massa vitae tincidunt. Mauris mi nibh, condimentum id varius non, ultricies eu enim. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Integer scelerisque pharetra felis at fringilla. Proin ut arcu at sem mattis eleifend. Nulla felis neque, pharetra pellentesque tempus imperdiet, porttitor non massa. Vestibulum volutpat vestibulum lacinia. Vestibulum adipiscing lobortis leo, sit amet aliquam nisi rhoncus sed. Ut ipsum orci, iaculis quis aliquam ac, luctus non ipsum. Nullam nisl sem, blandit et pharetra pharetra, lacinia sit amet ante. Aenean ac lacus ac libero tempor tincidunt quis at nisi. Pellentesque et quam ut massa mattis porta in at

Regulationllicitudin nisl non mi tempor aliquet. Proin lacinia, sem quis volutpat tempus, odio urna aliquet risus, eget fermentum orci purus sit amet quam. Vivamus non orci ut mi volutpat malesuada. Nam semper pellentesque aliquam. Duis interdum, lacus ut iaculis consectetur, ipsum ligula ultricies mauris, a ultrices sem ligula sed ipsum. Quisque sem justo, euismod nec lobortis suscipit, porttitor vel turpis. Integer eu mattis justo. Donec felis mauris, sagittis eu iaculis in, porttitor vel justo. Fusce vitae arcu non sapien dignissim varius. Morbi non lorem justo. Proin id arcu a nibh fermentum facilisis eu sit amet metus. Donec varius aliquet est sed pulvinar. Etiam vitae mauris quam. Quisque eget purus nisl, sit amet iaculis neque.

Nunc quis interdum tortor. Duis id ligula nec dolor convallis hendrerit quis sit amet arcu. Cras semper posuere ante. Aenean id nunc eget velit pellentesque congue. Nullam ut faucibus velit. Nunc risus erat, feugiat nec euismod eget, bibendum sit amet diam. Donec a pulvinar enim.

Praesent ac ante ante. Donec molestie tincidunt massa vitae tincidunt. Mauris mi nibh, condimentum id varius non, ultricies eu enim. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Integer scelerisque pharetra felis at fringilla. Proin ut arcu at sem mattis eleifend. Nulla felis neque, pharetra pellentesque tempus imperdiet, porttitor non massa. Vestibulum volutpat vestibulum lacinia. Vestibulum adipiscing lobortis leo, sit amet aliquam nisi rhoncus sed. Ut ipsum orci, iaculis quis aliquam ac, luctus non ipsum. Nullam nisl sem, blandit et pharetra pharetra, lacinia sit amet ante. Aenean ac lacus ac libero tempor tincidunt quis at nisi. Pellentesque et quam ut massa mattis porta in at

local ResiDent oRienteD opeRations

public authoRity capabilities

Authority regulated prevention of urban conflictsImpartial supervisory institutionSolid inclusion of local participationTransparency of authority decission processes and identification of ‘the person in charge’ of the project

Public Space and Architectural QualitySocial Mix (diverse affordability housing)Project flexibility and reversibility due to several developer involvement Creating tools to prevent authority’s favour for private interestsLocally painless project funding approach

Altshuler & Luberoff 2003, Cuenya 2005, Gualini & Majoor 2007, Harvey 2008, Lecroart 2007, Sodupe 2007, Swyngedouw et al 2002

Authority regulated prevention of urban conflicts

Public Space and Architectural QualitySocial Mix (diverse affordability housing)

Authority regulated prevention of

Project flexibility and reversibility due to several developer involvement

Social Mix (diverse affordability housing)Project flexibility and reversibility due to several developer involvement Creating tools to prevent authority’s favour for private interests

several developer involvement

Locally painless project funding approach

favour for private interests

Solid inclusion of local participationTransparency of authority decission processes and identification of ‘the person in charge’ of the project

Impartial supervisory institutionmpartial supervisory institution

14

VULNERABILITY

‘Vulnerable - exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally’

Oxford Dictionary

‘In essence, the vulnerability can be defined as a state of high exposure to certain risks and uncertainties, combined with a decreased ability to

protect or defend them and deal with its negative consequences’United Nations 2003

15

VULNERABILITY€ !#$

socio-DemogRaphic vulneRabilityPercentage of single >64 year old inhabitants Rate of elderly dependency to the rest of populationPercentage of immigrant to local children (0-15 years) Percentage of immigrants to total inhabitantsNumber of single parent families

socio-economic vulneRabilityUnemployment rateUnemployment rate of youth 16-29 yearsPercentage of unqualified workersLevel of education (illiteracy, no education)

housing vulneRabilityPercentage of housing of less than 30m²Average household area in m² per inhabitantPercentage of households without a bathroom and toilet in the houseBad quality of housePercentage of houses constructed earlier than 1951

subjective vulneRabilityPercentage of inhabitants complaining for noise pollutionPercentage of inhabitants complaining for air polluted environmentPercentage of inhabitants considering to have bad infrastructure connectivityAccess to the green space per inhabitantPercentage of inhabitants considering to be living in criminal areas

€ !#$€ !#$€ !#$

16

VULNERABILITY€ !#$

€ !#$€ !#$

€ !#$

Unemployment - 2X bigger than national level(21% in 2001)Level of Education - Illiteracy and no education 2X bigger than national level (23% in 2001)State of living quality - Percentage of households without: running water (>2%) toilet (>3%) bathroom or shower (>5$)Immigration* - if more than city average (20% in 2006)

*indicator in 2006 analysis

vulneRable aReas 1991, 2001, 2006*

17

19912001

0 1km 2km

19912001

0 1km 2km

Living quality

Employment

Education

INDICATORS

€!#$

€!#$

€!#$

€!#$

vulneRability 91-01

18

€!#$

€!#$

€!#$

€!#$€

!#$€

!#$€

!#$€

!#$

vulneRability 2006

19

analysis

vulneRability 2010?

€ !#$€ !#$

€ !#$€ !#$

20

0 1km 2km

0-55-9

>21

>17%

17-21

9-1313-17

Non-EU immigrantresidents (%)

immigRation Rate 2010

21

vulneRability by Rate of

immigRation

22

0 1km 2km

2500-3300

800-16001600-2500

<800

>3300

Number ofcompanies

concentRation of economic activities

23

0 1km 2km

1500-2000>2000

<500

1000-1500500-1000

Living alone >64year old people

elDeRly >64 living alone

24

0 1km 2km

0.4-0.5

0.6-0.7

0.3-0.4

0.7-0.8

0.5-0.6

Car / Person

caR peR peRson

25

0 1km 2km

Percentage of houses per price category

Cheap<12-24k €

Expensive<48-72k €

Medium 24-48k €

householD pRices by majoRity

26

0 1km 2km

Percentage of household size in the neighbourhood

Small<60-80m²

Medium120-200m²

Medium 80-120m²

householD sizes by majoRity

27

0 1km 2km

Percentage of houses per price category

Cheap<12-24k €

Expensive<48-72k €

Medium 24-48k €

0 1km 2km

Population aged <16 / >64

0-5454-108108-162162-216216-270

Aging ratio

0 1km 2km

16-24

3-1010-16

30-3724-30

Bus Lines per district

0 1km 2km

Percentage of household size in the neighbourhood

Small<60-80m²

Medium120-200m²

Medium 80-120m²

0 1km 2km

30 000 - 38 000

0 - 7500

15 000 - 22 5007500 - 15 000

22 500 - 30 000

Population 2010

0 1km 2km

<150

250-350

450+550350-450

150-250

Supported familieswith schoolchildren

Householdavailability

by size

Population

Householdavailability

by price

Publictransport

density

Agingratio

Socialsupport

receivers

finDingsfinDings

28

29

pReliminaRy inteRvention aRea

30

31

methoDology

32

methoDology

RESEARCH QUESTION

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKRESULTS

ANALYSIS & MAPPING LITERATURE STUDYCASE STUDIES

STRATEGY

DESIGN

What are the strategic spatial interventions necessary to deal with the problems of social vulnerability areas in Valencia?

Effects of large urban projectsVulnerabilitySpatial strategic planning

Urban planning and it’s dynamics in ValenciaEvaluation of LUP effect in Valencia and other case citiesArticles on social vulnerability and the tols to cope with itNational, regional and local statistics and information

Barcelona

Bilbao

Seville

Existing socio-economic and spatial conditions of Valencia in the context of SpainIdentified socio-economic and spatial threats and opportunities in a particular vulnerable area Case study data on LUP effects and social vulnerability

Theory, analysis and case study based strategic

proposal

Strategy based urban design intervention in a particular vulnerable area

Valencia’s position in the regional and national scaleRelevant spatial, economic, social mapping on city and local scaleIndicating socially vulnerabile areasDefining the socio-spatial elements of vulnerabilityDetailed analysis of selected design proposal area

Valencia’s city Urban Planning departmentUrbanism professors at Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia´s Strategic Planning departmentCoordinating institution of Parque Central projectLocal neighbourhood organizations

What are the existing possibilities of spatial planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for local communities in Valencia?

SUB-RESEARCH QUESTIONSHow successful are the LUPs in Valencia? How to evaluate it objectively?

What conditions make LUPs be more beneficial for local communities?

What are the existing socio-economic and spatial conditions in specific areas of Valencia?What is vulnerability? What indicators define it?How can social vulnerability be alleviated by spatial planning?What is the current strategy of Valencia’s city to cope with social of vulnerability?What are the effects of existing LUPs in Valencia and what are predictable outcomes of the future ones?

INTERVIEWS

PR

OB

LEM

RES

EAR

CH

OU

TCO

MES

PR

OPO

SAL

SUB-RESEARCH QUESTIONSHow successful are the LUPs in Valencia? How to evaluate it objectively?

What conditions make LUPs be more beneficial for local communities?

What are the existing socio-economic and spatial conditions in specific areas of Valencia?What is vulnerability? What indicators define it?How can social vulnerability be alleviated by spatial planning?What is the current strategy of Valencia’s city to cope with social of vulnerability?What are the effects of existing LUPs in Valencia and what are predictable outcomes of the future ones?

methoDology

33

A report / evaluation of the existing large urban projects in Valencia. Recommendations for better local integration for the future LUPs.A strategic vision for social vulnerability areas of Valencia.A strategic plan for a particular part of the city.A design proposal testing out the proposed strategy in a vulnerable area.Evaluation of the graduation project process.A graduation report thoroughly describing the problem and an approach used to cope with it.Graduation presentation.

expecteD DeliveRablesexpecteexpectee D DeliveRables

A report / evaluation of the existing large urban

A strategic vision for social vulnerability areas of Valencia.A strategic plan for a particular part of the city.A design proposal testing out the proposed strategy in

Evaluation of the graduation project process.A graduation report thoroughly describing the problem and an approach used to cope with it.Graduation presentation.

34

conclusion

35

ConClusion

36

http://www.abusos-no.org/http://www.ine.eshttp://www.valencia.eshttp://maps.google.comhttp://www.felisinblog.wordpress.comhttp://www.imageafter.com/http://www.flickr.com

Antonio Marin SegoviaManuel OreroBrian E Kushner

souRces of imagessouRces of images

http://www.abusos-no.org/http://www.ine.eshttp://www.valencia.eshttp://maps.google.comhttp://www.felisinblog.wordpress.comhttp://www.imageafter.com/http://www.flickr.com

Antonio Marin SegoviaManuel OreroBrian E Kushner

37