Networking services and applications I.

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Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College

Areas of Expertise Industry Certification

PC Hardware

Network Administration

IT Project Management

Network Design

User Training

IT Troubleshooting

Qualifications Summary

Education

M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University

B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University

Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues into efficient and effective solutions.

Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse workforces, improving processes, analyzing business needs and creating the solutions required— with a focus on technology.

Brian K. Ferrill, M.B.A.

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Networking services and applications I.

– The basics of the virtual private network.

– Protocols used by the virtual private network.

PACE-IT.

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The basics of the virtual private network.Networking services and applications I.

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The basics of the virtual private network.

A virtual private network (VPN) is used by remote hosts to access a private network through an encrypted tunnel through a public network.

Once the VPN connection is made, the remote host is no longer considered remote. It is actually seen by the private network as a local host. Even though the network traffic may pass through many different routers or systems, it is seen by both ends as a direct connection.

The use of the VPN can help to reduce networking costs for organizations and businesses. The cost reduction is partially achieved because the VPN doesn’t require the use of a dedicated leased line to create the connection.

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The basics of the virtual private network.

– VPN types.» The site-to-site VPN allows a remote site’s network

to connect to the main site’s network and be seen as a local network segment.

• VPN concentrators on both ends of the VPN will manage the connection.

» The remote-access VPN (host-to-site VPN) allows select remote users to connect to the local network.

• A VPN concentrator on the local network will manage the connections coming in from the remote users.

• The remote system making the connection uses special software, called VPN client software, to make the connection.

» The host-to-host VPN (SSL VPN) allows a secure connection between two systems without the use of VPN client software.

• A VPN concentrator on the local network manages the connections.

• The host seeking to connect uses a Web browser that supports the correct encryption technology (either SSL or TLS) to make the connection to the VPN concentrator.

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Protocols used bythe virtual private network.Networking services and applications I.

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Protocols used by the virtual private network.

– Internet Protocol security (IPsec).» Works at Layer 3 of the OSI model and above.» The most common suite of protocols to secure a VPN

connection.» Can be used with the Authentication Header (AH)

protocol.• AH only offers authentication services, no encryption.

» Can be used with Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP).

• ESP both authenticates and encrypts packets (the most popular method).

» Both AH and ESP will operate in one of two modes.• Can be used in transport mode—between two

devices (e.g., the host-to-host VPN).• Can be used in tunnel mode—between two

endpoints (e.g., the site-to-site VPN). » IPSec implements Internet Security Association and

Key Management (ISAKMP) by default.• ISAKMP provides a method for transferring security

key and authentication data between systems, outside of the security key generating process (a much more secure process).

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Protocols used by the virtual private network.

– Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE).

» GRE is a tunneling protocol that is capable of encapsulating a wide variety of network layer protocols.

» It is often used to create a sub-tunnel within an IPSec connection.

• IPSec will only transmit unicast packets (one-to-one communication). In many cases, there is a need to transmit multicast (one-to-some communication) or broadcast (one-to-many communication) packets across an IPsec connection. By using GRE, this can be accomplished.

– Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).

» An older VPN technology that supports dial-up VPN connections. On its own, it lacked native security features.

• Microsoft’s implementation included additional security by adding GRE.

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Protocols used by the virtual private network.

– Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.

» TLS is a cryptographic protocol used to create a secure encrypted connection between two end devices or applications.

• It uses asymmetrical cryptography to authenticate end points, and then negotiate a symmetrical security key, which is used to encrypt the session.

» TLS has largely replaced the Secure Socket Layer protocol.

» It works at Layer 5 and above of the OSI model.» The most common use is in creating a secure

encrypted Internet session (SSL VPN).• All modern Web browsers support TLS.

– Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol.» SSL is an older cryptographic protocol that is very

similar to TLS.» The most common use is in Internet transactions.

• All modern Web browsers support SSL.» Due to issues with earlier versions of the protocol, it

has largely been replaced by TLS protocol.• SSL v.3.3 has been developed to address the

weaknesses of the earlier versions.

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What was covered.Networking services and applications I.

A VPN connection is used to allow remote sites or users to access a private network and to function as a local segment. A site-to-site VPN connects two sites together. A remote-access VPN allows select users to connect, but requires those users to have preconfigured VPN clients installed on their systems. A host-to-host VPN allows users to connect to the private network without the use of VPN client software.

Topic

The basics of the virtual private network.

Summary

IPsec is the most common protocol suite used to secure VPN connections. It works at Layer 3 and above of the OSI model. GRE is a tunneling protocol that can encapsulate a wide variety of other network layer protocols. It is used in conjunction with IPsec to allow for multicast and broadcast packet transmissions. PPTP is an older VPN technology that supports dial-up VPN connections. TLS is a cryptographic protocol that provides authentication services; it is commonly used in Web based transactions and has largely replaced SSL. SSL is similar to TLS and has largely been replaced by it.

Protocols used by the virtual private network.

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THANK YOU!

This workforce solution was 100 percent funded by a $3 million grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53.

PACE-IT is an equal opportunity employer/program and auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities. For those that are hearing impaired, a video phone is available at the Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) office in Mountlake Terrace Hall 159. Check www.edcc.edu/ssd for office hours. Call 425.354.3113 on a video phone for more information about the PACE-IT program. For any additional special accommodations needed, call the SSD office at 425.640.1814. Edmonds Community College does not discriminate on the basis of race; color; religion; national origin; sex; disability; sexual orientation; age; citizenship, marital, or veteran status; or genetic information in its programs and activities.