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Journal of Sports Sciences, 1988,6,93-101

The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test foraerobic fitnessL.A. LEGER!, D. MERCIER!, C. GADOURyl and J. LAMBERT 21Departement d'education physique'Depareemene de medecine socia/e ee preventive, Universiee de Montreal, COP. 6128, sllccllrsa/e A, MOn/rea/,Quebec H3C 3J7, CanadaAccepted 21 October 1987

AbstractA maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run test was designed to determine the maximal aerobic power ofschoolchildren, healthy adults attending fitness class and athletes performing in sports with frequentstops and starts (e.g. basketball, fencing and so on). Subjects run back and forth on a 20 m course andmust touch the 20 m line; at the same time a sound signal is emitted from a prerecorded tape. Frequencyof the sound signals is increased0.5 kill h - 1 each minutefrom a starting speed of8.5 kill h- I . When thesubject can no longer follow the pace, the last stage number announced is used to predict maximaloxygen uptake (V02max) (Y, ml kg- 1 min -I ) from the speed (X, km h -I ) correspondingto that stage(speed =8+0.5 stage no.) and age (A, year): Y=31.025 +3.238 X -3.248A +0.1536AX, r=O.71 with188 boys and girls aged 8-19 years. To obtain this regression, the test was performed individually.Right upon termination V0 2 was measured with four 20 s samples and V0 2max was estimated byretroextrapolating the 02 recovery curve at time zero of recovery. For adults, similar measurementsindicated that the same equation could be used keeping age constant at 18 (r=0.90, n=7 7 men andwomen 18-50 years old). Test-re test reliability coefficients were 0.89 for children (139 boys and girls6-16 years old) and 0.95 for adults (81 men and women, 20-45 years old). Normal data are alsoavailable for schoolchildren and adults and estimated V0 2max were found comparable to other testsand/or populations./ Keywords: V0 2max, field test, children, adults, validity, reliability.

IntroductionIn 1982, Leger and Lambert reported a correlation of 0.84 and a standard error of the

Ii estimate of 10.5% for a newly designed 20 m multistage shuttle run test with 2 min stagespredicting the maximal oxygen uptake (V0 2IDax) from maximal speed. Since the V0 2maxand the maximal speed were highly correlated, the latter was defined as the maximal aerobicJ speed (MAS). Exclusive characteristi cs of that test were it s multistage nature and the fact thatmany subjects could be tested at once in a 20 m long gymnasium using a cassette player. Since a few reports (Astrand, 1952; Silverman an d Anderson, 1972; Daniels et ai., 1978;Davies, 1980; Pate, 1981; MacDougall et aI., 1983) indicated that mechanical efficiency of'1 ,1 running was proportional to age during growth an d since 2 min stages were found, ' , ~>' ,'1 0264--Q414/88 $03.00+.12 1988 E. & F.N. Spon Ltd.

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94 Leger, Mercier, Gadoury alld Lambert r " . ; , , ~ , ~ , . ,'I Ipsychologically borin g for children, it was decided to design a I min stage version of the 20 mshuttle run and10 validate it with children and adults. The MAS of 7000 Quebec children iii4were previously presented for this test (Leger et al., 1984). It is now intended to present data on the validity and reliability of the test to predict V0 2max. IiExperimental methods 1,1IISubjects and design IIIn the first set of experiments, 188 boys and girls aged 8-19 years performed the 20 m shuttlerun test individually up to their volitional limit. The VOzmax was determined by !iretroextrapolating the ()2 recovery curve at time zero of recovery (Leger et al., 1980). In thesecond set of experiments, 53 men and 24 women below (n =38) and above (n =39) 35 yearsold had their VOzmax measured with the retroextrapolation method at the end of the 20 mshuttle run test. , ',In the third set of experiments, 139 boys and girls aged 6-16 years and 81 men and womenaged 20-45 years performed the 20 m shuttle run twice, 1 week apart, in order to determine IIWIthe test reliability. Groups of 10--20 subjects performed the test together.Validity of the 20 m shuttle run was assessed with multiple regression analysis and Ireliability was assessed with simple regression analysis and paired t-test.Test and methods I Fo r the 20 m shuttle run test (Fig. 1), subjects are required to run back and forth on a 20 mcourst: and must touch the 20 m line at the same time that a sound signal is emitted from a 1prerecorded tape. The frequency of the sound signals increases in such a way that running speed is increased by 0.5 km h -I each minute from a starting speed of 8.5 km h - 1 . The test IIr - " " " " ' - ~ " . ~ , - - - , III a:I w j ; >- PROTOCOL,. I II Ii w 216, a. eI < .:. 14 I3 I~ E i., Tb 6 ,'0 15 20 IiI minSTAGE no I Ij1;

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rate values reached at the end the 20 shuttle run;. (2) similar a l u e s for V 0 2 m ~ l f i ~ s . 8 &1 b) t'!; measured at the en? of a maximal multistage treadmill test, predicted (equation 3 ) ~ n d : ~ 1 i o C'l :; .--: N ::: .....; ""' .... g 0 .... -511retroextrapolated V0 2max for the 20m shuttle run (49.3lO.l, 47.18.3 and 48.8J:'j1 -B.... M N .59.3 ml kg - I min-I, n=77) and (3) high intercorrelations between these V0 2max v a l u e s : { ; I t ~ :fi '" '

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101UO Leger, Mercier, Gadoury alld Lambert The 20 m shuttle run testI0 'oI Leger, L., Seliger, V. and Brassard, L. (1980) Backward extrapolation of V02max values from O2BOYS 11T""I 60c:'E

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Fig. 4. Predicted V02max for 7000 Quebec children from maximal shuttle run speed andage (Leger et al., 1984) using equation (1) developed in this study.

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by MLCPQ and FCAR, Quebec, Canada.

ReferencesAstrand, P.- O. (1952) Experimental Studies of Physical Working Capacity in Relation to Sex and Age.Copenhagen: Ejnor Munksgaard. .Daniels, J., aldr idge, N., Nagle, F. and White, B. (1978) Differences and changes in V0 2 among youngrunners 10 to 18 years of age. Medicine and Sciences in Sports 10, 200-3. IiiDavies, C.T.M. (1980) Metabolic cost of e"ercise and physical performance in children with someobservations on external loading. European Journal of Applied Physiology 45, 95-102.Gadoury, C. and Leger, L. (1986) Validite de I'epreuve de course navette de 20 metres avec paliers de1 minute et du Physitest canadien pour predire Ie V0 2max des adultes. Revue des Sciences et

Techniques des Activites Physiques et Sportives (Paris) 13, 57-68. iiI'Godfrey, S., Davies, C.T.M., Wozniak, E. and Barnes, C.A. (1971) Cardiorespiratory response to ;Iiiexercise in normal children. Clinical Science 40, 419-31. Krahenbuhl, G.S., Skinner, J.S. and Kohrt, W.M. (1985) Developmental aspects of maximal aerobic- Jpower in children. Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews 13, 503-38.Leger, L.A., C I o u t i ~ r , J. and Massicotte, D. (1986) Energy cost of running, cycling and stepping duringgrowth. In Kinanthropometry I I I - Proceedings of the VIII Commonwealth and InternationalConference on Sport, Physical Education, Dance, Recreation and Health (Glasgow, July 18-33,1986, edited by T. Reilly, J. Watkins and J. Borms), pp. 138--45, London: E. & F.N. Spon.

Leger, L. and Lambert, J. (1982) A maximal 20-m shuttle run test to predict V0 2max. EuropeanJournal of Applied Physiology 49, 1-12.Leger, L., Lambert, J., Goulet, A., Rowan, C. and Dinelle,Y. (1984) Capacite a erobie des Quebecois de Ia17 ans - Test navette de 20 metres avec paliers de 1 minute. Canadian Journal ofApplied Sport ':r,

ISciences 9, 64--9.

recovery curve. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 12, 24--7.MacDougall, J.D., Roche, P.D., Bar-Or, 0. and Moroz, J.R. (1983) Maximal aerobic capacity ofCanadian school children: prediction based on age-related oxygen cost of running. InternattonalJournal of Sports Medicine 4, 194--8.Mechelen, W. van, Hlobil, H. and Kemper, H.C.G. (1986) Validation of two running tests as anintimate of maximal aerobic power in children. European Journal of Applied Physiology 55,503-6.Pate, R.R. (1981) Oxygen cost of walking, running and cycling in boys and men (Abstract). Medicineand Science in Sports and Exercise 13, 123--4.

Poortman s, J., Vlaeminck, M., Collin, M. and Delmotte, C. (1986) Estima tion indirecte de la puissanceaerobic maximale d'une population bruxelloise masculine et feminine agee de 6 a 23 arts.Comparaison avec nne technique directe de la mesure de la consommation maximale d'oxygene.Journal de Physiologie (Paris) 81, 195-201.Silverman, M. and Anderson, S. (1972) Metabolic cost of treadmill exercise in children. Joumal ofApplied Physiology 33, 696-8.

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