Printed in the Philippines

Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, Philippineswww.adb.org

Pacific Department 2012 Compendium of Knowledge Products

This compilation reflects all the publications of the Pacific Department ofthe Asian Development Bank in 2012 and some major publications done in earlier years.

About the Asian Development Bank

ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improvethe quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.7 billion people wholive on less than $2 a day, with 828 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration.

Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countriesare policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance.

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2012

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Compendium

of Knowledge

Products

MAKING CAPITALIsM WorK For ThE Poor AND soCIETY

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PACIFIC DEPARTMENT

2012 Compendium

of Knowledge

Products

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© 2013 Asian Development Bank

All rights reserved. Published in 2013.Printed in the Philippines.

Publication Stock No. ARM135931-2

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

Note:In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars.

Cover photo by Luis Ascui.

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Contents

Foreword v

Publications in 2012 1

Previous Releases: Series

Capacity Development Series 12

Previous Releases: Titles

Climate Change and Environment 13

Development Effectiveness 13

Economic and Trade 14

Fisheries 15

Governance 16

Information and Communication Technology 17

Pacific Islands Economic Reports 17

Political Economy 19

Poverty 20

Private Sector 21

Progress Reports on Timor-Leste 23

Social Development 24

Regional Strategy 25

Transport and Energy 25

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Foreword

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has long produced knowledge products on development issues and concerns of the Pacific developing member countries. This was boosted by the Pacific Studies Series that commenced in 1995. Knowledge has been drawn from specially commissioned studies as well as from the experience gained from ADB’s many projects. Over the past 15 years, the Pacific Department has published over 100 publications. These range from economic updates, and briefs, to policy analyses of human resource development, growth and development, education and vocational training, fisheries, agriculture, the environment, poverty, private sector development, remittances, trade, political economy, state performance, and much more. This is the third time the Pacific Department has prepared a compendium of publications. We are again using this compendium to highlight some of the major publications of earlier years. We trust that the compendium will be of interest and assistance to those working on the Pacific.

Xianbin Yao Director General Pacific Department Asian Development Bank

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Publications in 2012

Strengthening Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle of the Pacifi cPHASE II

INFORMATION UPDATE No. 2 | October 2012

IntroductionTh e Asian Development bank (ADB) is providing technical assistance to fi ve Pacifi c countries—Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, and Vanuatu—to improve the resilience of their coastal and marine ecosystems to climate change. Th e assistance is a 4-year project, from January 2011 to December 2014, that will achieve its objective by(i) strengthening the capabilities of national and local

institutions in sustainable coastal and marine resources management, and

(ii) enabling coastal communities to apply best practices in ecosystem-based fi shery management and climate change adaptation.

All fi ve participating countries have common environmental concerns in climate change and biodiversity conservation under the Global Environment Facility–Pacifi c Alliance for Sustainability. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste are in the Coral Triangle group of countries (which also includes Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines).

Project Impact and Outcome(i) More resilient marine and coastal ecosystems will halt

and reverse the decline in the productivity of these systems, thus improving national food security.

(ii) Capacity-building eff orts will result in more eff ective integrated coastal resources management, making the development of coastal communities more resilient to climate change and thus more sustainable.

Country PrioritiesFiji: Ra Province is the focus of eff orts to build on the lessons from past integrated coastal resources management initiatives and to apply the Fiji Locally Managed Marine Area community-based management model. Th e work will be done by the Department of Environment under guidance of the Integrated Coastal Management Committee.

Papua New Guinea will build on coastal management work in Kimbe Bay, with a focus on managing land-based threats and identifying livelihood opportunities through ecologically sustainable economic development, and extend ecosystem-based coastal fi sheries management in Manus Island. Th e work will be done by the Department of Environment and Conservation.

Solomon Islands will introduce integrated coastal resources management and ecosystem-based coastal fi sheries management within an existing community-based program, with a focus on Isabel and Malaita provinces. Implementation will be shared by the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology and the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources.

Timor-Leste will introduce integrated coastal resources management and ecosystem-based coastal fi sheries management around the islands of Atauro Island and Batugede. Th is will be implemented by the National Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.

Vanuatu will develop planning in coastal communities on integrated coastal resources management and ecosystem-based coastal fi sheries management. Th is will be implemented by the Department of Environment, Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources.

Regional Policy and Advisory Technical Assistance

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Morning market in Solomon Islands

DevelopmentEffectivenessBrief

Federated States of Micronesia Opening for Business

Climate Change and EnvironmentCoral Triangle Initiative Information Update No. 2www.adb.org/publications/strengthening-coastal-and-marine-resources-management-coral-triangle-pacific-phase-iiThis brochure provides an update on the progress of the Strengthening Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle of the Pacific Phase II Regional Policy and Advisory Technical Assistance provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) with cofinancing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Government of Finland.

Development EffectivenessFederated States of Micronesia: Opening for Businesswww.adb.org/publications/federated-states-micronesia-opening-businessThe government and the people of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) have been working with ADB since 1990. The FSM has achieved important development gains since it become a full-fledged member of the United Nations in 1991. ADB has helped the government build the foundations of this reform. It has provided much-needed support for the government’s private sector development efforts, and the finance sector and public sector reforms. ADB has also assisted citizens of the FSM improve their health and education sector management. Due to ADB support for public infrastructure, the citizens also have greater access to essential services, including water, sewerage, and power.

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Solomon Islands: Roads/Routes to Successwww.adb.org/publications/solomon-islands-roads-routes-successThe government and the people of Solomon Islands have been working with ADB since 1973. The relationship has included 16 loans, six Asian Development Fund (ADF) grants, 65 technical assistance projects, ongoing policy dialogue, and the development of specific knowledge products. Solomon Islands have achieved important development gains through ADB’s support. In transport, they have focused on restoring infrastructure; improving maintenance; increasing safety, quality, and reliability; and promoting private sector participation. ADB’s private sector reform activities have helped implement state-owned enterprise reforms and improve the environment for doing business.

Dili BulletinDili Bulletin: Th e Road Network Development Sector Project (October 2012) www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2012/dili-bulletin-102012.pdf This edition of the Dili Bulletin provides an overview and description of the Road Network Development Sector Project. The project is upgrading 66 km of national road from Liquica to Mota Ain at the border with Indonesia, and undertaking heavy maintenance of 42 km of national road from Batugade to Maliana. The project is improving the main road link to Indonesia. This will promote cross-border trade by bringing down the cost of transport for people and goods and will make travel faster and safer. Hundreds of jobs will be created during construction.

Dili Bulletin: About ADB (July 2012) www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2012/dili-bulletin-072012.pdf In this edition of the Dili Bulletin: Ordinary Capital Resources, a pool of funds offered to lower- to middle-income developing member countries (DMCs); Project Milestones and ADB-Supported Events in Timor-Leste; and The Infrastructure Agenda, an article which discusses the state of infrastructure in the country, and gives suggested steps to increase its rate of improvement.

DevelopmentEffectivenessBrief

Solomon Islands Roads/Routes to Success

October 2012 Edition No. 8 www.adb.org/Timor-Leste

About ADBThe Project CycleADB’s support for investment projects follows a ve-stage project cycle:1. The country partnership strategy. This sets out the medium-term strategy of ADB support that aligns ADB ac vi es with the government’s development priori es (note that the country partnership strategy for Timor-Leste was discussed in the October 2011 edi on of this bulle n).2. Prepara on. This is normally ini ated through project preparatory technical assistance, which helps the government de ne a project and prepare a feasibility study. This includes an examina on of a project’s technical, nancial, economic, environmental, and management aspects, and any poten al social impact.3. Approval. This involves the nego a on of a grant and/or loan agreement prior to its considera on by the government and the ADB Board. The project is summarized in a report known as the Report and Recommenda on of the President. A er approval by the ADB Board, the grant and/or loan agreements are sent to the government for nal approval.4. Implementa on. The project is overseen by an execu ng agency, while an implemen ng agency is responsible for day-to-day ac vi es. The execu ng and implemen ng agencies are normally government agencies, and can be the same agency. Project consultants are recruited as needed to assist the government with implementa on.

Implementa on follows an agreed-upon schedule and procedures, which are set out in a project administra on manual. For an infrastructure project, key steps normally include recrui ng consultants, preparing tender documents and detailed designs, procuring equipment, and selec ng construc on contractors.

5. Comple on and evalua on. A er comple on, ADB prepares a project comple on report. ADB’s Independent Evalua on Department also evaluates a sample of projects.

The key outputs of the project cycle are released publicly via pos ng on the ADB web site.

More informa on on the project cycle is available at www.adb.org/projects/cycle.

Milestones The civil works contract for the nal upgrades of the road

from Liquica to Mota Ain (between Karimbala and Mota Ain) was issued on 28 August 2012. Work is expected to commence in November. Asphalt was laid in October on the rst kilometer (km) of the upgrades near Maubara. The upgrades are being funded by the government and a $46 million grant from ADB.

Bids to upgrade 61 km of road from Dili to Liquica and Tibar to Gleno were received by the Ministry of Finance in July 2012. Contracts are expected to be awarded in early December. The upgrades are being funded by the government and $40 million in loans from ADB.

The partnership agreement between the secretary of state for voca onal training and employment and three training providers (Tibar Training Centre, Don Bosco Training Centre at Comoro, and Dili Ins tute of Technology in Baucau) were signed in October. The agreement will specify the melines for civil works, equipment provision, and training

of instructors. The second batch of scholars supported by the Infrastructure

Management Technical Assistance Project departed for studies in Indonesia in August. The 11 scholars, who are from the Ministry of Public Works and the Ministry of Transport and Communica ons, will undertake courses for bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

ADB-Supported EventsTimor-Leste recently par cipated in the Third Workshop on Enhancing Distribu on of Clean Development Mechanism Projects in Asia and the Paci c, held on 18–20 July 2012, at ADB headquarters in Manila.

O cials from Timor-Leste will soon par cipate in the regional ADB Transport Forum to be held in November at ADB headquarters, Manila, and a regional workshop on result-focused project design and management to be held in November in Sydney, Australia.

How and where to reach us?

Special O ce in Timor-LesteADB–World Bank Building, Avenida dos Direitos HumanosDili, Timor-LesteTelephone +670 332 4801

Asian Development Bank Headquarters6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTelephone +63 2 632 4444

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Dili Bulletin: About the Asian Development Fund April 2012 www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2012/dili-bulletin-042012.pdfThe ADF has been the main source of funding for activities in Timor-Leste supported by ADB. In 2011–2012, Timor-Leste will receive $32.2 million in ADF resources: $23.0 million of grants, and $9.2 million of concessional loans. Also in this report are updates on The Road Network Upgrading Project, The District Capitals Water Supply Project, The Mid-Level Skills Training Project, and an Economic Update.

EconomyPacifi c Economic Monitor (December 2012)www.adb.org/publications/pacific-economic-monitor-december-2012The December 2012 edition of the Pacific Economic Monitor examines the fiscal position of ADB’s Pacific DMCs and their budget plans for 2013. Special articles included in this issue focus on economic management and growth prospects in smaller Pacific island economies.

Pacifi c Economic Monitor (July 2012)www.adb.org/publications/pacific-economic-monitor-july-2012This edition of the Pacific Economic Monitor discusses mid-year updates to 2012 and 2013 GDP growth and inflation projections for ADB’s Pacific DMCs.

Pacifi c Economic Monitor (March 2012)www.adb.org/publications/pacific-economic-monitor-march-2012This edition of the Pacific Economic Monitor discusses 2012 and 2013 GDP growth and inflation projections for ADB’s Pacific DMCs.

THE ECONOMIC SETTING 1

rfraban

The Monitor provides an update of developments in Pacific economies and explores topical policy issues.

March 2013 www.adb.org/pacmonitor

CONTENTS Highlights 1

The economic setting 3

Country economic updates 5

Policy briefs: Powering the Pacific’s future 18

Economic indicators 32

Highlights

Pacific growth softening. Economic growth in the Pacific moderated to 7.3% in 2012, from a post-crisis high of 8.3% recorded in the previous year. This regional trend was driven primarily by the performance of the region’s larger, natural resource–extracting, economies. Growth slowed slightly, but remained high in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Timor-Leste. Economic growth in the Pacific islands also moderated to 2.5% in 2012, from 2.8% a year ago. Growth in Solomon Islands moderated from double-digit rates as log revenues leveled off. Economic stimulus from infrastructure projects was lower in Kiribati, the Federated States of Micronesia, Samoa, and Tonga.

Against this trend, increased tourist arrivals supported economic growth in the Cook Islands and Vanuatu. Nauru grew due to high phosphate production, while infrastructure spending and fishing revenues prompted growth in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu.

Inflation moderated to 5.3% in 2012 from 8.5% in 2011 as international food and fuel prices stabilized, albeit at high levels. The appreciation of the PNG kina and other currencies used in the region helped lower price pressures. However, inflation rates varied sharply across the region due to country-specific factors.

Growth seen to moderate further in 2013, before picking up in 2014. Prospects for the global economy appear to be improving slightly, driven by accelerating growth in large developing economies, particularly the People’s Republic of China. However, growth in the Pacific region is projected to slow to 5.2% in 2013. Completion of large infrastructure projects, particularly the PNG liquefied natural gas (LNG) pipeline project, plays a leading role in explaining the weaker growth outlook. Damages from Cyclone Evan are projected to weigh down 2013 growth in Fiji and Samoa. Regional growth is seen to pick up to 5.5% in 2014, in line with the improved global economic outlook, commencement of PNG’s LNG exports and public infrastructure projects in a number of smaller Pacific islands, and post-cyclone reconstruction efforts.

Inflation is projected to accelerate to 6.1% in 2013 and to 6.3% in 2014, despite moderating international food and fuel prices, as the muting effect of strong regional currencies on import prices is seen to dissipate in several countries. Public expenditure growth is also seen to add to regional price pressures.

Powering the Pacific’s future. The theme of this issue’s policy briefs is energy in the Pacific. The first article, contributed by the New Zealand Aid Programme, outlines challenges facing the Pacific in its drive for energy security, highlighting key issues to be considered at the Pacific Energy Summit. The second article discusses the long-term energy demand outlook for the region, suggesting that energy requirements may double by 2020. The third article, contributed by the Pacific Infrastructure Advisory Center, examines the impact of ownership and regulatory arrangements on the performance of Pacific power utilities. Privately owned and independently regulated utilities are found to have higher labor productivity, better financial performance, lower technical losses, and greater fuel efficiency. The final article concludes that Samoa could realize 10% annual energy savings and create up to 400 new jobs through simple energy-efficiency measures.

How to reach us pacmonitor@adb.org

Asian Development Bank Pacific Department

Apia Level 6 Central Bank of Samoa Bldg. Apia, Samoa Telephone: +685 34332 Dili ADB–World Bank Bldg., Avenida dos Direitos Humanos, Dili, Timor-Leste Telephone: +670 332 4801 Honiara Mud Alley Honiara, Solomon Islands Telephone: +677 21444 Manila 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Telephone: +63 2 632 4444 Nuku'alofa Fatafehi Street Tonga Development Bank Building Nuku’alofa, Tonga Telephone: +676 28290 Port Moresby Level 13 Deloitte Tower Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Telephone: +675 321 0400/0408 Port Vila Level 5 Reserve Bank of Vanuatu Bldg. Port Vila, Vanuatu Telephone: +678 23610 Suva 5th Floor, Ra Marama Building 91 Gordon Street, Suva, Fiji Telephone: +679 331 8101 Sydney Level 18, One Margaret Street Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia Telephone: +612 8270 9444 Tarawa Kiribati Adaptation Project-Phase III Office PO Box 68, Bairiki Tarawa, Kiribati Telephone: +686 22040/22041

GROWTH OUTLOOK

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EnergyPacifi c Energy Update 2012www.adb.org/documents/pacific-energy-update-2012ADB is working to assist the development of the energy sectors in our 14 Pacific DMCs through technical assistance and concessional loan/grant financing. ADB is providing support for the rehabilitation and expansion of power sector infrastructure, improvement in electricity access rates, expansion of renewable energy generation, and improving efficiency of energy use. ADB is currently implementing energy sector projects in 11 Pacific countries (Cook Islands, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Timor-Leste, and Vanuatu). This document provides an update of the existing 2012 portfolio of Pacific energy sector projects and a summary of requested assistance for 2013.

Fragile Conflict-Affected SituationsWorking Diff erently in Fragile and Confl ict-Aff ected Situations—A Staff Handbookwww.adb.org/documents/working-differently-fragile-and-conflict-affected-situations-adb-experienceThis handbook aims to help ADB staff and other development practitioners to more effectively plan, design, and implement projects in fragile and conflict-affected settings.

Energy Pacific Update 2012

WORKING DIFFERENTLYIN FRAGILE AND CONFLICT-AFFECTED SITUATIONS

The ADB Experience

A Staff Handbook

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Private SectorContinuing Reform to Promote Growth-Update of the Private Sector Assessment for Tongawww.adb.org/documents/continuing-reform-promote-growth-update-private-sector-assessment-tongaThis analysis is a follow-up to Transforming Tonga: A Private Sector Assessment. It assesses progress made until early 2012 in reducing transaction costs and other barriers to growth identified in the 2008 private sector assessment. It concludes that Tonga has been one of the leading reformers in the Pacific in improving its business environment, although it has been impacted by the adverse macroeconomic shocks arising from the global economic crisis.

Pacifi c PSDI Bulletin (March 2012)www.adb.org/publications/pacific-psd-quarterly-may-2012This issue talks about the key role of The Republic of Nauru Phosphate Corporation in Nauru’s economy and a summary report on what can be done to reduce poverty in Solomon Islands.

Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative: Annual Progress Report 2011www.adb.org/documents/pacific-private-sector-development-initiative-annual-progress-report-2011This year’s Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative (PSDI) Annual Progress Report describes further progress in ongoing initiatives as well as those that have just commenced in 2011.

CONTINUING REFORM TO PROMOTE GROWTHUpdate of the Private Sector Assessment for

TONGA

A Newsletter on Private Sector Development in the Pacific Issue No. 5 May 2012

Pacific PSD Quarterly

Nauru, Phosphate, and the Resource Curse

Nauru, situated in the central Pacific, about 41 kilometers south of the equator, is the world’s smallest island republic,

with a land area of 21 square kilometers. The government, its agencies, and a number of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) comprise the bulk of the economy. Th e country has relied heavily on phosphate revenues. The industry currently supports approximately 700 families.

The people of Nauru had one of the highest per capita income in the world in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, Nauru is an example of the effects of what is known as the “resource curse.” Mineral riches did not bring lasting prosperity. The decline of phosphate mining from the 1980s, coupled with poor management of the country’s offshore assets and excessive domestic public expenditure, saw Nauru’s

economy collapse in the early 2000s. More than half of the country’s households have incomes below the basic needs poverty line of A$37 per person per week.

The Role of RONPHOS in Nauru’s EconomyThe Republic of Nauru Phosphate Corporation (RONPHOS) is a fully government-owned enterprise in the business of processing and selling phosphate in the international market. It has been granted a sole concession from the government, together with the Nauru Rehabilitation Corporation, which mines the phosphate. Being the largest employer on the island, RONPHOS plays a key role in Nauru’s economy.

However, like many SOEs in the Pacific region, the productivity of RONPHOS has been low. This led to its inability to honor its obligation to pay dividends to the government, which in turn, resulted in lower-than-estimated government revenue. The fi nancial status of RONPHOS was weak and its cash balances fell to critically low levels. Poor production volumes and low international prices put the viability of the company at

risk. As a result, staff morale has been low, and the people of Nauru generally held a pessimistic view about the company and the country’s future.

Restructuring RONPHOS: Outcomes and OutlookIn 2011, the Government of Nauru sought assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to restructure the senior executive management of RONPHOS and recruit a new chief executive offi cer (CEO). ADB, through the Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative (PSDI) provided technical assistance, which represented the fi rst use of PSDI resources in Nauru. A new CEO was recruited, and he commenced work in October 2011.

PSDI-funded efforts have resulted in RONPHOS registering a marked recovery in the last few months. The company’s cash fl ow has drastically improved, with its cash balance increasing to more than 10 times the level before the new CEO started. As a result, RONPHOS has made all of its scheduled repayments on debt inherited from the Nauru Phosphate Corporation.

Renewed Optimism for Nauru’s RONPHOS

continued on page 4

Cantilever loading phosphate onto a ship for export at RONPHOS headquarters

Being the largest employer on the island, RONPHOS plays a key role in Nauru’s economy

FOCUS, ISSUES, AND OUTCOMES

THE PACIFIC PRIVATE SECTORDEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE IN 2011

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Finding Balance III: PNG State-Owned Enterprise Benchmarking Studywww.adb.org/publications/finding-balance-bench-marking-performance-state-owned-enterprises-papua-new-guineaThis study benchmarks the performance of Papua New Guinea’s state-owned enterprises (SOE) with those of Fiji, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Tonga; assesses the key drivers of this performance; and identifies successful reform strategies that can guide future policy action.

Public Sector Management: Lessons from State-Owned Enterprise Reforms in Kiribati and Tuvaluwww.adb.org/publications/public-sector-management-lessons-state-owned-enterprise-reforms-kiribati-and-tuvaluThis paper highlights the importance of SOE reforms for economic growth, and lists lessons learned from SOE reforms in Kiribati and Tuvalu.

Impact Stories from the Pacifi c Region—Breaking Down the Barriers to Business in the Pacifi cwww.adb.org/publications/impact-stories-pacific-region-breaking-down-barriers-businessThis booklet features the stories of entrepreneurial Pacific women and men who explain how their lives have been changed for the better through ADB-supported PSDI reforms and infrastructure assistance in the region.

Benchmarking the Performance of State-Owned Enterprises in Papua New Guinea

FINDING BALANCE

Policy Brief | December 2012

DRAFT

IntroductionTh e effi ciency and eff ectiveness of a country’s public sector is vital to its development. Assisting developing countries in strengthening their institutions, improving public fi nancial management and putting in place good governing systems are strategic priorities for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). In 2011, ADB approved public sector management and governance loans and grants totaling $2.7 billion.1 From 2000 to 2010 for the Pacifi c, ADB’s support in this sector amounted to $158 million for 10 loans and grants and $96 million for 96 advisory technical assistance projects.2 Technical assistance for state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform has been provided in all 14 Pacifi c developing member countries of the ADB, raising the level of awareness of the importance of SOE reforms for economic growth, and creating a unique body of knowledge about successful reform strategies. In Kiribati and Tuvalu where government is the largest employer and government revenue and spending are the main drivers of economic activity, ADB has been working with these governments to develop and manage its revenue sources and improve expenditure management. An essential component of this is tackling the impacts and issues of the heavy presence of SOEs in both countries, with support of ADB technical assistance.3

Poorly performing SOEs absorb large amounts of scarce capital, on which they provide very low returns. While some provide essential public services, many others operate as ineffi cient commercial ventures and crowd out the private sector. Th ese can result in signifi cant economic costs that countries cannot sustain. Reforming SOEs has numerous challenges, particularly in the smallest of the island countries. Yet in Kiribati and Tuvalu, much like in Tonga and the Marshall Islands—progress is being registered. Th eir experiences off er key lessons and recommendations that may be of use to other small countries facing similar challenges.4

Kiribati has a population of about 100,000 and Tuvalu 11,000. Both are made up of small, low-lying atolls and reef islands in the Pacifi c. Both have SOEs that were established to provide essential

1 ADB. 2012. Annual Report 2011, Vol 1. Manila. 2 ADB. 2012. Supporting Good Governance in the Pacifi c. Independent

Evaluation. Manila. 3 ADB. 2008. Technical Assistance to Kiribati for Economic Management and

Public Sector Reform (TA7166). Manila; ADB. 2008. Technical Assistance to Tuvalu for Capacity Development for Public Financial Management (TA7161). Manila.

4 ADB. 2012. Finding Balance: Benchmarking the Performance of SOEs in PNG. Manila; ADB. 2011. Finding Balance Benchmarking the Performance of SOEs in Fiji, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Tonga. Manila; ADB. 2009. Finding Balance: Making SOEs Work in Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. Manila.

infrastructure services. Th ese include public utilities providing services such as electricity, drinking water, telecommunications and, broadcasting. Other SOEs were established to undertake commercial activities such as banking, hotels, fi shing and shipping. At the time these SOEs were established, the private sector was either unable or unwilling to provide these services, but this has changed over the years and private sector service provision is now a real possibility.

Impediments to SOE Reform in Kiribati and TuvaluContextual ChallengesTh e structural and cultural characteristics of small Pacifi c island states such as Kiribati and Tuvalu can add particular challenges to SOE reform. Both countries are characterized by small domestic markets, remoteness, low incomes, high birth rates, a large subsistence sector and weak economic performance. With few natural resources other than fi sh, economic activity is dominated by the public sector and economic performance is driven by donor-funded projects, including capital expenditure on infrastructure, such as airports, ports, roads, and electricity. Given their small markets, there is often little room for having more than one enterprise operate the utilities or provide other essential social services. So in order to avoid the risks associated with private monopoly power, governments tend to own the utilities themselves and are reluctant to contract out enterprise management or service provisions.

Some development assistance directly or indirectly supports SOEs, since these are generally responsible for the provision and management of economic infrastructure. In some cases the provision of economic infrastructure has exceeded the government’s capacity to operate and maintain it at a satisfactory level. Requests from SOEs for grants, subsidies, and other fi nancial support put considerable pressure on government revenues.

Th e small, close-knit communities of small island countries can create specifi c challenges for SOE reform. Extended family ties imply that ministers and senior SOE staff are well known to one another and Board members are typically selected from among those who are well-known to the minister. Th is means that some Board members may be appointed although they lack the necessary skills and experience and once appointed, can be diffi cult to remove. Civil servants are frequently appointed as directors although they often have demanding jobs in the public service and have little time to devote to director duties which may have to be performed in their spare time. For some, confl icts of interest arise when they perform their duties as SOE directors and as policy advisers to ministers. Close relationships also makes it hard to discipline employees for poor performance. Non-attendance in the workplace is often tolerated, and making people they know redundant is practically impossible.

Public Sector ManagementLessons from State-Owned Enterprise Reforms in Kiribati and Tuvalu

Breaking Down the Barriers to BusinessMore Private Sector Reform Stories

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Pacifi c Studies Series

The State of Pacifi c Towns and CitiesURBANIZATION IN ADB’s PACIFIC DEVELOPING MEMBER COUNTRIES

UrbanTh e State of Pacifi c Towns and Cities www.adb.org/publications/state-pacific-towns-and-cities-urbanization-adbs-pacific-developing-member-countriesThis report investigates urbanization trends across the 14 Pacific DMCs of ADB. It examines the history of Pacific urbanization, current state of infrastructure and service provision within urban areas, and systems of urban governance.

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Previous Releases: Series

Capacity Development Serieswww.adb.org/publications/series/capacity-development-series

Published in 2009

A Tale of Two CDs: Capacity Development and Community Development in the Waste, Water, and Sanitation Sector in Kiribati

Bridging the State–Society Gap: Th e Community Justice Liaison Unit of Papua New Guinea

Building Capacity through Participation: Nauru National Sustainable Development Strategy

Making Th ings Simpler?—Harmonizing Aid Delivery in the Cook IslandsReconstructing a Fragile State: Institutional Strengthening of the Ministry of

Infrastructure Development in Solomon Islands Vanuatu Legal Sector Strengthening Program

Published in 2008

Learning from SuccessImproving GovernmentA New Vision for the Health Sector in TongaFishing for DevelopmentFrom Dependency to SustainabilityResponding to the Youth CrisisRevamping the Cook Islands Public SectorSupporting Community-Based Capacity DevelopmentTh e Provincial Performance Improvement InitiativeTh e Role of USPNet in Capacity Development in the South Pacifi c Region

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Dili Bulletinwww.adb.org/publications/series/dili-bulletin?ref=countries/timor-leste/newsletters

Published in 2011

Dili Bulletin: Public–Private Partnerships December 2011 Dili Bulletin: About ADB Country Partnership Strategies October 2011 Dili Bulletin: Timor-Leste 2011 Road Outlook August 2011 Dili Bulletin: About ADB May 2011 Dili Bulletin: ADB and Timor-Leste January 2011

Pacific Economic Monitorwww.adb.org/pacmonitor

Published in 2011

Pacifi c Economic Monitor (December 2011)Pacifi c Economic Monitor (July 2011)Pacifi c Economic Monitor (February 2011)

Published in 2010

Pacifi c Economic Monitor (December 2010)Pacifi c Economic Monitor (July 2010)Pacifi c Economic Monitor (February 2010)

Published in 2009

Pacifi c Economic Monitor (November 2009)Pacifi c Economic Monitor (August 2009)Pacifi c Economic Monitor (May 2009)

Pacific PSD Quarterly issuePacifi c PSD Quarterly Issue No. 1Published in 2010www.adb.org/publications/pacific-psd-quarterly-november-2010

Pacifi c PSD Quarterly Issue No. 2Published in 2012www.adb.org/publications/pacific-psd-quarterly-march-2011

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Pacifi c PSD Quarterly Issue No. 3Published in 2012www.adb.org/publications/pacific-psd-quarterly-june-2011

Pacifi c PSD Quarterly Issue No. 4Published in 2012www.adb.org/publications/pacific-psd-quarterly-november-2011

Pacific Private Sector Policy BriefsAccess to Finance Published in 2008www.adb.org/publications/access-finance

Th e Legal Business Environment Published in 2008www.adb.org/publications/legal-business-environment

Public-Private Partnerships Published in 2008www.adb.org/publications/public-private-partnerships

State-owned Enterprise Reform Published in 2008www.adb.org/publications/state-owned-enterprise-reform

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Previous Releases: Titles

Climate Change and EnvironmentCommunity-Based Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning Published in 2012www.adb.org/publications/community-based-climate-vulnerability-assessment-and-adaptation-planning-cook-islands

Coral Triangle Initiative Information Update No. 1Published in 2012www.adb.org/publications/strengthening-coastal-and-marine-resources-management-coral-triangle-pacific-phase-ii

Food Security and Climate Change in the Pacifi c: Rethinking the OptionsPublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/food-security-and-climate-change-pacific-rethinking-options

Pacifi c Climate Change Program Information Update No. 3Published in 2012www.adb.org/publications/climate-resilience-and-sustainable-urban-development-pacific-dmc

Pacifi c Climate Change Program Information Update No. 4Published in 2012www.adb.org/publications/economics-climate-proofing-project-level-two-pacific-case-studies

Climate Change in the Pacifi c: Stepping Up Responses in the Face of Rising Impacts

Published in 2010www.adb.org/documents/reports/climate-change-pac/default.asp

Responding to Climate Change in the Pacifi c: Moving From Strategy to ActionPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/responding-climate-change-pacific-moving-strategy-action

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Mainstreaming Climate Change in ADB Operations: Climate Change Implementation Plan for the Pacifi c (2009–2015)

Published in 2009www.adb.org/publications/mainstreaming-climate-change-adb-operations-climate-change-implementation-plan-pacific-

Climate Proofi ng: A Risk-based Approach to AdaptationPublished in 2005www.adb.org/publications/climate-proofing-risk-based-approach-adaptation

Pacifi c Region Environmental Strategy 2005–2009 www.adb.org/publications/pacific-region-environmental-strategy-2005-2009

Development EffectivenessMarshall Islands: Together, Forging a Better FuturePublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/marshall-islands-together-forging-better-future

Tonga: Sustaining a Strong Culture While Building the FuturePublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/tonga-sustaining-strong-culture-while-building-future

Impact Stories from Fiji: Structures for DevelopmentPublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/impact-stories-fiji-structures-development

Samoa: Building a More Resilient EconomyPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/samoa-building-more-resilient-economy

Handle With Care: Impact Stories from Fragile SituationsPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/handle-care-impact-stories-fragile-situations

Papua New Guinea: Building Solid Physical and Social InfrastructurePublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/papua-new-guinea-building-solid-physical-and-social-infrastructure

Profi les of Progress: Papua New GuineaPublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/profiles-progress-papua-new-guinea

Pacifi c Impact StoriesPublished in 2008www.adb.org/publications/impact-stories-pacific

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Economy and TradePolicy-Based Programs for the Pacifi c IslandsPublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/policy-based-programs-pacific-islands

Taking the Helm: A Policy Brief on a Response to the Global Economic CrisisPublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/taking-helm-policy-brief-response-global-economic-crisis

What Works?—Better Policies and Practices for a Better Pacifi cPublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/what-works-better-policies-and-practices-better-pacific

Living with High PricesPublished in 2008www.adb.org/publications/living-high-prices-policy-brief

Navigating the Global StormPublished in 2008www.adb.org/publications/navigating-global-storm-policy-brief-global-financial-crisis

Pacifi c Trade Issues Published in 2008www.adb.org/publications/pacific-studies-series-pacific-trade-issues

Trust Funds in the Pacifi c Published in 2005www.adb.org/publications/trust-funds-pacific-their-role-and-future

Remittances in the Pacifi c: An OverviewPublished in 2005www.adb.org/publications/remittances-pacific-overview

Pursuing Economic Reform in the Pacifi c Published in 1999www.adb.org/publications/pursuing-economic-reform-pacific

Reforms in the Pacifi c: An Assessment of the Asian Development Bank’s Assistance for Reform Programs in the Pacifi c

Published in 1999www.adb.org/publications/reforms-pacific-assessment-asian-development-banks-assistance-reform-programs-pacific

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Improving Growth Prospects in the Pacifi c Published in 1998www.adb.org/publications/improving-growth-prospects-pacific

FisheriesLearning from Fisheries Centers in the Pacifi cPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/learning-fisheries-centers-pacific-islands

Fisheries and Climate ChangePublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/fisheries-and-climate-change

Fisheries and Fuel PricesPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/fisheries-and-fuel-prices

Increasing Returns from Fisheries: Do’s and Don’ts for Policy MakersPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/increasing-returns-fisheries-dos-and-donts-policy-makers

Fisheries in the Economies of the Pacifi c Island Countries and TerritoriesPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/fisheries-economies-pacific-island-countries-and-territories

Tuna for Tomorrow?Published in 2008available only in hard copy

While Stocks Last: Th e Live Reef Food Fish TradePublished in 2003www.adb.org/publications/while-stocks-last-live-reef-food-fish-trade

Th e Contribution of Fisheries to the Economies of Pacifi c Island Countries Published in 2002www.adb.org/publications/contribution-fisheries-economies-pacific-island-countries

Vanuatu: Policy Issues in the Fisheries and Forestry SectorsPublished in 2002available only in hard copy

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Tuna: A Key Economic Resource in the Pacifi cPublished in 2001www.adb.org/publications/tuna-key-economic-resource-pacific

Vanuatu: Agriculture and Fisheries Sector Review 2000Published in 2001www.adb.org/publications/vanuatu-agriculture-and-fisheries-sector-review-2000

Th e Pacifi c’s Tuna: Th e Challenge of Investing in Growth Published in 1997www.adb.org/publications/pacifics-tuna-challenge-investing-growth

GovernanceStrengthening Pacifi c Fragile States: Th e Marshall Islands ExamplePublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/strengthening-pacific-fragile-states-marshall-islands-example

Governance in the Pacifi c: Focus for Action 2005–2009 Published in 2004www.adb.org/publications/governance-pacific-focus-action-2005-2009

Financial Management and Governance Issues in Papua New GuineaPublished in 2000www.adb.org/publications/financial-management-and-governance-issues-papua-new-guinea

Diagnostic Study of Accounting and Auditing Practices in the Marshall IslandsPublished in 2002www.adb.org/publications/diagnostic-study-accounting-and-auditing-practices-marshall-islands

Diagnostic Study of Accounting and Auditing Practices in the Republic of the Fiji Islands

Published in 2002www.adb.org/publications/diagnostic-study-accounting-and-auditing-practices-republic-fiji-islands

Transparency to the People: Using Stakeholder Participation in the Public Sector Reform of Nauru and the Marshall Islands

Published in 2010www.adb.org/publications/transparency-people-using-stakeholder-participation-support-public-sector-reform-nauru-

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Information and Communication TechnologyInformation and Communication Technology for Development in the Pacifi c Published in 2003www.adb.org/publications/information-and-communication-technology-development-pacific

Pacific Islands Economic ReportsCook Islands 2008 Social and Economic Report: Equity in DevelopmentPublished in 2008www.adb.org/publications/cook-islands-2008-social-and-economic-report-equity-development

Cook Islands 2001 Economic Report: Policies for ProgressPublished in 2002www.adb.org/publications/cook-islands-2001-economic-report-policies-progress

Republic of the Fiji Islands 1999 Economic ReportPublished in 2000www.adb.org/publications/republic-fiji-islands-1999-economic-report

Juumemmej: Republic of the Marshall Islands Social and Economic Report 2005 Published in 2006www.adb.org/publications/juumemmej-republic-marshall-islands-social-and-economic-report-2005

Republic of Marshall Islands: METO 2000 Economic Report and Statement of Development Strategies

Published in 2001www.adb.org/publications/republic-marshall-islands-meto-2000-economic-report-and-statement-development-strategie

Marshall Islands: 1996 Economic ReportPublished in 1997www.adb.org/publications/marshall-islands-1996-economic-report

Federated States of Micronesia: 2005 Economic Report Published in 2005www.adb.org/publications/federated-states-micronesia-2005-economic-report-toward-self-sustainable-economy

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Federated States of Micronesia: 1996 Economic ReportPublished in 1997www.adb.org/publications/federated-states-micronesia-1996-economic-report

Kiribati Social and Economic Report 2008: Managing Development RiskPublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/kiribati-social-and-economic-report-2008-managing-development-risk

Monetization in an Atoll Society: Managing Economic and Social Change in Kiribati

Published in 2002www.adb.org/publications/monetization-atoll-society-managing-economic-and-social-change-kiribati

Kiribati: 1997 Economic ReportPublished in 1998www.adb.org/publications/kiribati-1997-economic-report

Samoa 2000: Building on Recent ReformsPublished in 2000www.adb.org/publications/samoa-2000

Solomon Islands: 1997 Economic ReportPublished in 1998www.adb.org/publications/solomon-islands-1997-economic-report

Solomon Islands: 2010 Economic ReportPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/solomon-islands-2010-economic-report

Tonga: Economic Performance and Selected Development IssuesPublished in 1997www.adb.org/publications/tonga-economic-performance-and-selected-development-issues

Tuvalu 2006 Economic Report: From Plan to ActionPublished in 2007www.adb.org/publications/tuvalu-economic-report-2006-plan-action

Tuvalu 2002 Economic and Public Sector ReviewPublished in 2003www.adb.org/publications/tuvalu-2002-economic-and-public-sector-review

Tuvalu: 1997 Economic ReportPublished in 1998www.adb.org/publications/tuvalu-1997-economic-report

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Vanuatu Economic Report 2009: Accelerating ReformPublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/vanuatu-economic-report-2009-accelerating-reform

Vanuatu Economic Report 2009: Accelerating Reform (Executive Summary) French VersionPublished in 2009www.adb.org/sites/default/files/van-economic-report-2009-summary-fr.pdf

Vanuatu Economic Report 2001: Economic Performance and Challenges Ahead Published in 2001www.adb.org/publications/vanuatu-economic-performance-and-challenges-ahead-0

Vanuatu: Economic Performance, Policy and Reform IssuesPublished in 1997available only in hard copy

Political EconomyTh e Political Economy of Economic Reform in the Pacifi cPublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/political-economy-economic-reform-pacific

State Performance and Capacity in the Pacifi cPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/state-performance-and-capacity-pacific

Kiribati’s Political Economy and Capacity DevelopmentPublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/kiribatis-political-economy-and-capacity-development

Sociocultural Issues and Economic Development in the Pacifi c IslandsPublished in 2006available only in hard copy

A Diff erent Kind of Voyage: Development and Dependence in the Pacifi c IslandsPublished in 1998www.adb.org/publications/different-kind-voyage-development-and-dependence-pacific-islands

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PovertyPriorities of the People: Hardship in KiribatiPublished in 2007www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-kiribati

Priorities of the People: Hardship in the Federated States of Micronesia Published in 2004www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-federated-states-micronesia

Hardship and Poverty in the Pacifi c Published in 2004www.adb.org/publications/hardship-and-poverty-pacific

Priorities of the People: Hardship in Tonga Published in 2004www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-tonga

Priorities of the People: Hardship in the Fiji IslandsPublished in 2003www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-fiji-islands

Priorities of the People: Hardship in the Marshall Islands Published in 2003www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-marshall-islands

Priorities of the People: Hardship in Tuvalu Published in 2003www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-tuvalu

Priorities of the People: Hardship in VanuatuPublished in 2003www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-vanuatu

Millennium Development Goals in the Pacifi c: Relevance and Progress Published in 2003www.adb.org/publications/millennium-development-goals-pacific-relevance-and-progress

Priorities of the Poor in Papua New Guinea Published in 2002www.adb.org/publications/priorities-poor-papua-new-guinea

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Priorities of the People: Hardship in Samoa Published in 2002www.adb.org/publications/priorities-people-hardship-samoa

Poverty: Is It An Issue in the Pacifi c? Published in 2001www.adb.org/publications/poverty-it-issue-pacific

Private SectorFinding Balance 2011: Benchmarking the Performance of State-Owned

Enterprises in Fiji, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and TongaPublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/finding-balance-2011-benchmarking-performance-state-owned-enterprises-fiji-marshall-isl

Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative: Annual Progress Report 2010Published in 2011www.adb.org/documents/pacific-private-sector-development-initiative-annual-progress-report-2010

Breaking Down the Barriers to Business in the Pacifi c:Private Sector Reform Stories

Published in 2010www.adb.org/publications/breaking-down-barriers-business-pacific-private-sector-reform-stories

Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative: Annual Progress Report 2009Published in 2010www.adb.org/documents/pacific-private-sector-development-initiative-annual-progress-report-2009

Finding Balance: Making State-Owned Enterprises Work in Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga

Published in 2009www.adb.org/publications/finding-balance-making-state-owned-enterprises-work-fiji-samoa-and-tonga

Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative: Annual Progress Report 2008Published in 2009www.adb.org/documents/pacific-private-sector-development-initiative-annual-progress-report-2008

Reforming Pacifi c Contract LawPublished in 2009www.adb.org/publications/reforming-pacific-contract-law

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Sustaining Growth: A Private Sector Assessment for VanuatuPublished in 2009www.adb.org/documents/sustaining-growth-private-sector-assessment-vanuatu

Foundation for the Future: A Private Sector Assessment for Papua New GuineaPublished in 2008www.adb.org/documents/foundation-future-private-sector-assessment-papua-new-guinea

Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative: Annual Progress Report 2007Published in 2008www.adb.org/documents/pacific-private-sector-development-initiative-annual-progress-report-2007

Th e Challenges of Doing Business in Papua New GuineaPublished in 2008www.adb.org/publications/challenges-doing-business-papua-new-guinea

Transforming Tonga: A Private Sector AssessmentPublished in 2008www.adb.org/documents/transforming-tonga-private-sector-assessment

Swimming Against the Tide? An Assessment of the Private Sector in the Pacifi c Published in 2004www.adb.org/publications/swimming-against-tide-assessment-private-sector-pacific

Business Development Services in the Pacifi cPublished 2005available only in hard copy

Financial Sector Development in the Pacifi c DMCs – Volume 1: Regional Report Published in 2001www.adb.org/publications/financial-sector-development-pacific-dmcs-volume-1-regional-report

Financial Sector Development in the Pacifi c DMCs – Volume 2: Country Report Published in 2001www.adb.org/publications/financial-sector-development-pacific-dmcs-volume-2-country-report

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Progress Reports on Timor-Leste Ninth Progress Report Published in 2005www.adb.org/documents/timor-leste-ninth-progress-report

Eighth Progress ReportPublished in 2004www.adb.org/documents/timor-leste-eighth-progress-report

Seventh Progress ReportPublished in 2004www.adb.org/documents/timor-leste-seventh-progress-report

Sixth Progress ReportPublished in 2003www.adb.org/documents/timor-leste-sixth-progress-report

Fifth Progress ReportPublished in 2002www.adb.org/documents/timor-leste-fifth-progress-report

Fourth Progress Report on East TimorPublished in 2002www.adb.org/documents/timor-leste-fourth-progress-report

Transport Sector Master Plan for East Timor Published in 2002www.adb.org/publications/transport-sector-master-plan-east-timor

Mid-Term Progress ReportPublished in 2001www.adb.org/Documents/Conference/EastTimor/Midterm_Progress_Report/MT-East-Timor.pdf

Second Progress Report on East TimorPublished in 2001www.adb.org/documents/conference/easttimor/Second_Progress_Report/spret.pdf

Trust Fund for East Timor: East Timor Rehabilitation and Development Published in 2000www.adb.org/documents/trust-fund-east-timor-tfet-east-timor-rehabilitation-and-development

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Social DevelopmentSustainable Health Care Financing in the Republic of PalauPublished in 2012www.adb.org/publications/sustainable-health-care-financing-republic-palau

Weaving Social Safety NetsPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/weaving-social-safety-nets

Skilling the Pacifi c Published in 2008www.adb.org/publications/skilling-pacific-technical-and-vocational-education-and-training-pacific

Cultures and Contexts Matter: Understanding and Preventing HIV in the Pacifi c Published in 2007www.adb.org/publications/cultures-and-contexts-matter-understanding-and-preventing-hiv-pacific

Economic and Social Development BriefPublished in 2007www.adb.org/publications/economic-and-social-development-brief

Socially Inclusive and Gender-Responsive Transport Projects: A Case Study of the Timor-Leste Road Sector Improvement Project

Published in 2007www.adb.org/publications/socially-inclusive-and-gender-responsive-transport-projects-timor-leste-road-improvement-project

Better Learning, Better Future: Education and Training Sector Strategy for the Pacifi c

Published in 2005www.adb.org/publications/better-learning-better-future-education-and-training-strategy-pacific

Moving Toward a Sector-Wide Approach: Papua New Guinea—Th e Health Sector Development Program Experience

Published in 2003www.adb.org/publications/moving-toward-sector-wide-approach-health-sector-development-program-png

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Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction in Pacifi c RegionPublished in 2002www.adb.org/publications/indigenous-peoples-ethnic-minorities-and-poverty-reduction-pacific-region

Regional StrategyADB’s Pacifi c Approach 2010–2014Published in 2009www.adb.org/publications/adbs-pacific-approach-2010-2014

Working in Fragile Environments: A Midterm Review of the Pacifi c Strategy (2005–2009)

Published in 2008www.adb.org/documents/working-fragile-environments-midterm-review-pacific-strategy-2005-2009

Toward a New Pacifi c Regionalism Published in 2005www.adb.org/publications/toward-new-pacific-regionalism

Responding to the Priorities of the Poor: A Pacifi c Strategy for the Asian Development Bank 2005–2009

Published 2004www.adb.org/documents/responding-priorities-poor-pacific-strategy-asian-development-bank-2005-2009

A Pacifi c Strategy for the New MillenniumPublished 2000www.adb.org/publications/pacific-strategy-new-millennium

Transport and EnergyPacifi c Energy Update 2011Published in 2012www.adb.org/documents/pacific-energy-update-2011

Taking Control of Oil: Managing Dependence on Petroleum Fuels in the Pacifi cPublished in 2010www.adb.org/publications/taking-control-oil-managing-dependence-petroleum-fuels-pacific

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Oceanic Voyages: Aviation and Shipping in the Pacifi c Region (Executive Summary)

Published in 2007www.adb.org/publications/oceanic-voyages-aviation-and-shipping-pacific-region

Oceanic Voyages: Aviation in the Pacifi c Published in 2007www.adb.org/publications/oceanic-voyages-aviation-and-shipping-pacific-region

Oceanic Voyages: Shipping in the Pacifi c Published in 2007www.adb.org/publications/oceanic-voyages-shipping-pacific

Timor-Leste: Road Sector Investment Planning in the Pacifi c— An Example of Good Practice

Published in 2007www.adb.org/publications/road-sector-investment-planning-pacific-example-good-practice-timor-leste

Power Sector Development Plan for Timor-LestePublished in 2004www.adb.org/publications/power-sector-development-plan-timor-leste

Printed in the Philippines

Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, Philippineswww.adb.org

Pacific Department 2012 Compendium of Knowledge Products

This compilation reflects all the publications of the Pacific Department ofthe Asian Development Bank in 2012 and some major publications done in earlier years.

About the Asian Development Bank

ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improvethe quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.7 billion people wholive on less than $2 a day, with 828 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration.

Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countriesare policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance.

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2012

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Compendium

of Knowledge

Products