1. Introduction
1.1 General introduction to database systems
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/dbsl/intro.html
http://web.njit.edu/~gehani/lectures.pdf
http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dbbook/openAccess/firstEdition/slides/pdfslides/mod1l1.pdf
http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~nza/G51DBS09/dbs1-slides.pdf
1.2 Approaches to building a database http://www.databaseanswers.org/approach2db_design.htm 1.3 Data models, Database management system http://unixspace.com/context/databases.html
http://home.iitj.ac.in/~ramana/ch2-database-architectures.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/devgocool/dbms-models
1.4 Three - schema architecture of a database http://jcsites.juniata.edu/faculty/rhodes/dbms/dbarch.htm
http://cir.dcs.uni-pannon.hu/cikkek/Database_Environment.pdf
http://notesbonanza.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/l02.pdf
http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/three-schema-architecture
http://webpages.cs.luc.edu/~chandra/DBPA/slides/chap2.pdf
1.5 Various components of a DBMS http://computer-dbms.blogspot.in/2011/09/components-of-dbms.html
http://tarinibohra.blogspot.in/2010/09/various-components-of-dbms.html
http://www.kbs.twi.tudelft.nl/mmdb/terBekke/sheet/Sheet-01.pdf
http://www.sptmcollege.org/admin/web/study/ca/intro%20dbms2.pdf 2. E/R Model 2.1 Conceptual data modeling – motivation
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http://www.ariscommunity.com/users/eva-klein/2012-12-28-conceptual-data-modeling-aris-using-er-
models-motivation
http://www.learndatamodeling.com/data_modeling_tutorial.php
http://www.1keydata.com/datawarehousing/data-modeling-levels.html
http://blog.infoadvisors.com/index.php/articles/what-are-conceptual-logical-and-physical-data-
models/
http://www.cs.montana.edu/defrance/courses/Spring01/cs435/lectures/data_schemas.html
2.2 Entities, Entity types http://docs.oracle.com/html/E24270_01/Content/Data%20model/Define_an_entity.htm
http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/initiate/v9r7/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.inspuser.doc%2Ftopics%
2Fc_inspuser_recordtypes_records_entities_entitytypes.html
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~sas/courses/cse305/lectures/ch4.pdf
http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~green/courses/ecs165a-w11/2-er.pdf
http://people.cs.pitt.edu/~chang/156/03ERmodel.html
http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/course/cse670/cse670Ch2.xht
https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~tozsu/courses/CS338/lectures/10%20ER%20Model.pdf
http://bccampus.pressbooks.com/dbdesign/chapter/chapter-8-entity-relationship-model/
http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/db-book/db4/slide-dir/ch2-2.pdf
2.3 Various types of attributes http://www.umsl.edu/~bcjtz4/umsl/er_diagrams.html
http://wofford-ecs.org/dataandvisualization/ermodel/material.htm
http://jcsites.juniata.edu/faculty/rhodes/dbms/ermodel.htm
http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/understanding-attributes-in-er-diagrams-14287
http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~ptw/teaching/DBM/er.pdf
2.4 Relationships, Relationship types http://www.databasedesign.co.uk/bookdatabasesafirstcourse/chap3/chap3.htm
http://db.grussell.org/section005.html
http://jcsites.juniata.edu/faculty/rhodes/dbms/ermodel.htm
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2.5 E/R diagram notation http://www.smartdraw.com/resources/tutorials/cardinality-notations/
http://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/erd-symbols-and-meanings
http://www.jkinfoline.com/er-diagram-symbols.html
http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~bernatja/crowsfoot.html
http://holowczak.com/drawing-e-r-diagrams-with-crows-foot-notation-using-microsoft-visio-tutorial/
http://www.comp.dit.ie/cliu/courses/ft2282id/coursenotes/crowsfeetnotation.pdf
http://home.iitj.ac.in/~ramana/ch3-ER-diagrams.pdf
2.6 Examples http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~nza/G51DBS/dbs4.pdf
http://creately.com/diagram-community/popular/t/erd
http://www.careerbless.com/db/rdbms/c1/er2.php
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~valeriab/1022-spring08/Chapter6.pdf
http://people.cs.pitt.edu/~chang/156/03ERmodel.html
http://www.studytonight.com/dbms/er-diagram.php
http://www.computing.dcu.ie/~mcrane/CA218/Ch4.pdf
3. Relational Data Model 3.1 Concept of relations http://www.cs.nthu.edu.tw/~yishin/Courses/CS4710/Handout/Session3%20-
%20Relational%20Model%20Handout.pdf
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/focs/ch08.pdf
http://infolab.usc.edu/csci585/Spring2010/Docs/Session3-b.pdf
http://home.iitj.ac.in/~ramana/ch5-relational-data-model.pdf
3.2 Schema-instance distinction http://csit.udc.edu/~byu/UDC3530507/RelationalData.pdf
http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~chomicki/562/handout-reldb.pdf
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http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~green/courses/ecs165a-w11/3-ra.pdf
http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/class/fa07/cs411/lectures/cs411-f07-rel.pdf
3.3 Keys, referential integrity and foreign keys http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.sqlt.doc/sqltmst159.
htm
http://bccampus.pressbooks.com/dbdesign/chapter/chapter-9-integrity-rules-and-constraints/
http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dbbook/openAccess/firstEdition/slides/pdfslides/mod1l2.pdf
Relational algebra operators 3.4 Selection, Projection, Cross product, various types of joins, Division http://www.cbcb.umd.edu/confcour/CMSC424/Relational_algebra.pdf
http://www.databasteknik.se/webbkursen/relalg-lecture/
http://db.inf.uni-tuebingen.de/files/teaching/ss09/db1/db1-03.pdf
http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~nelson/courses/csc_173/relations/algebra.html
http://db.grussell.org/section010.html
http://home.agh.edu.pl/~wojnicki/phd/node19.html
3.5 Example queries http://db.grussell.org/section011.html
http://classweb.gmu.edu/brodsky/infs614/lecture5.pdf
http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~pmundur/courses/CMSC661-02/rel-alg.pdf
http://web.njit.edu/~ad338/dbslides/043-631-RelAlgebraExamples.pdf
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~kifer/Courses/cse532/slides/ch5.pdf
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/laine/tkpv/algebra/buildingqueries.html
http://www.inf.unibz.it/~nutt/IDBs0910/IDBExercises/4-sol-relAlg.pdf
https://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/bertino/348Spring2012/relational_algebra_and_calculus.pdf
3.5 Tuple relation calculus http://people.cs.pitt.edu/~chang/156/10calculus.html
http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs186/fa05/lecs/10CalcSQLI-6up.pdf
http://arwan.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2013/10/4.-relationalcalculus.pdf
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http://www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/354/zaiane/material/notes/Chapter3/node11.html
http://sauron.wlu.ca/physcomp/ikotsireas/TupleCalculus.pdf
https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall08/cos597A/Notes/relational_5_calc_topost.pdf
http://discovery.csc.ncsu.edu/Courses/csc742-S02/T08_RelationalCalculus_6.pdf
https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~tozsu/courses/CS348/notes/4b-calculus-handout-notes.pdf
3.6 Domain relational calculus http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~dbbook/openAccess/thirdEdition/slides/slides3ed-
english/Ch4_Domain_Calculus.pdf
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/354/zaiane/material/notes/Chapter3/node16.html
http://compgen.unc.edu/Courses/images/0/0c/Lecture521-05.pdf
https://www.classle.net/book/domain-relational-calculus#
3.7 Converting the database specification in E/R notation to the relational schema. http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/dscb/ch2.pdf
http://www.nyu.edu/classes/jcf/CSCI-GA.2433-
001/slides/session4/PracticalRelationalDatabaseDesign.pdf
http://www-db.in.tum.de/~grust/teaching/ss06/DBfA/db1-04.pdf
http://db.grussell.org/section004.html
http://labe.felk.cvut.cz/~stepan/AE3B33OSD/Lesson08-IntroDatabases.pdf
4.SQL
4.1 Introduction
http://www.w3schools.com/sql/ http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-quick-guide.htm
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-useful-functions.htm
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-useful-resources.htm
4.2 Data definition in SQL http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~nza/G51DBS/dbs5.pdf
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http://www.orafaq.com/faq/what_are_the_difference_between_ddl_dml_and_dcl_commands
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff848799.aspx
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/sql-syntax-data-definition.html
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B12037_01/server.101/b10759/statements_1001.htm
http://www.tomjewett.com/dbdesign/dbdesign.php?page=ddldml.php
http://tunweb.teradata.ws/tunstudent/TeradataUserManuals/SQL_Reference_--
_Data_Definition_Syntax_Example.pdf
4.3 Table, key and foreign key definitions http://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/create-table-foreign-keys.html
http://www.sitepoint.com/mysql-foreign-keys-quicker-database-development/
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/wsadhelp/v5r1m2/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.etools.rsc.d
oc%2Ftopics%2Ftdefining_foreign_keys.html
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms179610.aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175464(v=sql.105).aspx
http://www.teach-
ict.com/as_a2_ict_new/ocr/AS_G061/315_database_concepts/terminology/miniweb/pg13.htm
https://www.cccure.org/Documents/HISM/065-067.html
4.4 Update behaviors http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_update.asp
http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/update.php
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-update-query.htm
http://beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-update-statement.htm
http://www.sqlcourse.com/update.html
4.5 Querying in SQL http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb264565(v=sql.90).aspx
http://www.tizag.com/sqlTutorial/sqlqueries.php
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http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-sub-queries.htm
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-select-database.htm
4.6 Basic select- from- where block and its semantics http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_where.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_in.asp
http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_select.asp
http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/in.php
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10652168/select-from-where-in-compared-to-select-from-on-
multiple-tables
http://www.firstsql.com/tutor2.htm
http://beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-select-statement.htm
4.7 Nested queries - correlated and uncorrelated http://www.oninit.com/manual/informix/english/docs/dbdk/is40/sqlt/054.html
http://www.quora.com/SQL/What-is-the-difference-between-a-correlated-and-an-uncorrelated-
subquery
http://www.programmerinterview.com/index.php/database-sql/correlated-vs-uncorrelated-subquery/
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/correlated-subqueries.html
http://chandanprogramming.blogspot.in/2013/05/sql-server-correlated-and-uncorrelated.html
4.8 Notion of aggregation 4.9Aggregation functions group by and having clauses http://www.thunderstone.com/site/texisman/summarizing_values.html
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e26088/functions003.htm#SQLRF20035
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/group-by-functions.html
http://www.firebirdsql.org/manual/nullguide-aggrfunc.html
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql_certificate/using_the_group_functions.htm
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8hhs5f4e(v=vs.80).aspx
http://www.udel.edu/evelyn/SQL-Class3/SQL3_AggrEx.html
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5. Dependencies and Normal forms 5.1 Importance of a good schema design http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/177388/Best-Practices-for-Database-Schema-Design
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~bknauff/dwebd/2004-02/DB-intro.pdf
https://apps.bsu.edu/AdminConsole/Documentation/SQL/Design/Database.aspx
http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?DatabaseBestPractices
5.2 Problems encountered with bad schema designs https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/database-administration/ten-common-database-design-mistakes/
http://coronet.iicm.tugraz.at/Dbase1/scripts/rdbh04.htm
5.3 Motivation for normal forms, dependency theory - functional dependencies http://bccampus.pressbooks.com/dbdesign/chapter/chapter-11-functional-dependencies/
http://csc.lsu.edu/~jianhua/fd_slide_09.pdf
http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~khailany/files/Normalization.htm
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Functional_dependencies
http://jcsites.juniata.edu/faculty/rhodes/dbms/funcdep.htm
http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~nza/G51DBS/dbs11-12-6.pdf
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~ryanjohn/teaching/cscc43-s11/c43-fd-v03.pdf
5.4 Armstrong's axioms for FD's http://cis.csuohio.edu/~matos/notes/cis-611/ClassNotes/17-FuncDepend.html
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~christos/courses/dbms.S12/slides/17NormI.pdf
http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~leijiang/ta/343/08f/t8.fd.pdf
http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~jessica/cs450_f11/cs450_Normalization1.pdf
http://data-e-education.com/E120_FD_MVD_Axioms_Rules.html
5.5 Closure of a set of FD's http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/fcdb/spr99/lec5.pdf
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http://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs186/fa06/lecs/15Norm1.pdf
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/354/zaiane/material/notes/Chap5/node13.html
http://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~taoyf/course/bmeg3120/notes/fd2.pdf
http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse344/12wi/sections/section6.txt
http://www.cs.ucy.ac.cy/~epl242/lectures/Normalization_Theory_2.pdf
http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/course/cse670/html/cse670Ch10.html
5.6 Minimal covers http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~cheung/Courses/377/Syllabus/9-NormalForms/FD-equi.html
http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~pmundur/courses/CMSC661-05/Minimal-cover-example.pdf
http://www.cas.mcmaster.ca/~fchiang/courses/db3/asgs/asg3/FDDublin.pdf
http://www.cs.bu.edu/faculty/gkollios/db11/Slides/lect9.pdf
http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs304/2009W2/tutorials/MinimalWorksheetSolution.pdf
http://csc.lsu.edu/~jianhua/notes.pdf
5.7 Definitions of 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF http://www.studytonight.com/dbms/database-normalization.php
http://www2.yk.psu.edu/~lxn/IST_210/normal_form_definitions.html
http://prac.im.pwr.wroc.pl/~polowcz/Databases/data/Lecture5.pdf
http://enggedu.com/tamilnadu/university_questions/question_answer/be_mj_2007/5th_sem/cse/CS1
301/part_b/13_b_1.html
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~cannata/dbms/Class%20Notes/06%20Normalization.pdf
http://psoug.org/reference/normalization.html
5.8 Decompositions and desirable properties of them http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~wmb/CS319/pdf/decomp.pdf
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/354/zaiane/material/notes/Chapter7/node6.html
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01556353#page-1
https://www.classle.net/book/properties-decomposition#
5.9 Algorithms for 3NF and BCNF normalization
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http://undergraduate.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2232/lectures/db-norm3.pdf
http://www.studyyaar.com/index.php/module-video/123-normalization-3nf-bcnf-multivalued-
dependency-4nf-and-5nf
http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/fcdb/spr99/lec14.pdf
http://academic.udayton.edu/SaverioPerugini/courses/cps430/lecture_notes/relational/normalization.
html
http://www.classes.cs.uchicago.edu/archive/2007/spring/23500-1/slides/06_06Apr07.pdf
http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~lingtw/rm.pdf
5.10 Multi-valued dependencies and 4NF http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs4604/Fall08/lectures/lecture16.pdf
http://cs.oberlin.edu/~jdonalds/311/lecture08.html
5.11 Join dependencies and definition of 5NF http://www.data-e-education.com/E129_Fifth_Normal_Form_5NF.html
http://www.slideshare.net/AnjuRenjith/normalisation-slides-1-nf-to-5nf
http://ecomputernotes.com/database-system/rdbms/fifth-normal-form
6. Data Storage and Indexes 6.1 File organizations, Primary Secondary index structures http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~green/courses/ecs165a-w11/7-indexes.pdf
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/futrelle/teaching/csu430f2007/exams/D-
6217_StorageIndexing_10272006.pdf
http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/benchikhm/IS335/Chap2-FileOrg-Indexes.pdf
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-index-types.html
http://www.csd.uoc.gr/~hy460/2012_2013fall/lectures/CS460AccessMethods12.pdf
http://www.inf.unibz.it/~artale/DB2/handout2.pdf
6.2 Dynamic hashing techniques http://euler.vcsu.edu:7000/11719/
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http://blog.aggregateknowledge.com/tag/dynamic-hashing/
http://enggedu.com/tamilnadu/university_questions/question_answer/be_mj_2007/5th_sem/cse/CS1
301/part_b/14_b_2.html
http://www.csd.uoc.gr/~hy460/pdf/Dynamic%20Hash%20Tables.pdf
http://www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/354/zaiane/material/notes/Chapter11/node20.html
6.3 Multi-level indexes http://db.ucsd.edu/cse232w99/indexing/sld005.htm
http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~nat/Courses/DFS-Course/DFS-Lecture-10/tsld011.htm
http://people.cs.clemson.edu/~juan/CPSC862/Concept-31/index.html
http://home.iitj.ac.in/~ramana/ch10-storage-2.pdf
https://www.cs.tcd.ie/Owen.Conlan/4d2/4D2-9&10_Multi-Level_Indexes_v1.02.pdf
6.4 B+ trees http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~kamil/teaching/su02/080802.pdf
http://www.mec.ac.in/resources/notes/notes/ds/bplus.htm
http://www.seanster.com/BplusTree/BplusTree.html
http://ozark.hendrix.edu/~burch/cs/340/reading/btree/index.html
7. Transaction processing and Error recovery 7.1 Concepts of transaction processing
http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~green/courses/ecs165a-w11/9-transactions.pdf
http://pravss.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/4/4/10440152/unit-iv-dbms.pdf
http://home.iitj.ac.in/~ramana/ch11-transaction-processing.pdf
http://www.seas.gwu.edu/~bhagiweb/cs2441/lectures/transactions.pdf
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gray/wics_99_TP/
7.2 ACID properties
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa480356.aspx
http://www.lightwolftech.com/index.php?page=backgrounders
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http://www.faircom.com/ace/ace_tranacid_t.php
http://community.versant.com/documentation/reference/db4o-8.0/java/reference/Content/basics/acid_and_transactions.htm
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc%2Fconcepts%2Facid.html
7.3 Concurrency control
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189132(v=sql.105).aspx
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/soliddb/v6r3/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.swg.im.soliddb.sql.doc/doc/the.purpose.of.concurrency.control.html
http://www.agiledata.org/essays/concurrencyControl.html
http://jackrabbit.apache.org/concurrency-control.html
7.4 Locking based protocols for CC
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~valeriab/1022-spring08/Chapter16.pdf
http://www.ece.uprm.edu/~ahchinaei/courses/2010sep/icom5016/17ICOM5016Concurrency.pdf
http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/databases/9788131727188/distributed-concurrency-control/ch08lev1sec5
http://www.slideshare.net/koolkampus/ch16
http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/db-book/db4/slide-dir/ch16-2.pdf
7.5 Error recovery and logging
http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/db-book/db6/slide-dir/PDF-dir/ch15.pdf
http://vldb.org/pvldb/vol5/p1781_tomastalius_vldb2012.pdf
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dzichelp/v2r2/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.ims13.doc.oag%2Fims_log_recovery.htm
http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/soft1/manual/jp1en/d3S8270e/DMUB0143.HTM#ID00753
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14191/rcmtroub.htm
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7.6 Undo, Redo, Undo-redo logging and recovery methods
http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse444/10au/lectures/lecture11-12-handouts.pdf
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dzichelp/v2r2/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.db2z10.doc.ad
min%2Fsrc%2Ftpc%2Fdb2z_logundoredo.htm
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