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INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
AND
THE GENOCIDE IN RWANDA
A Bibliography
including English, French and Scandinavian references
“In Honour of Ralph Lemkin “
Drafted by
Lennart Aspegren, Judge, UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 1995-2000
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3
"Rwanda after 1994" Photo: Julia Crawford, Fondation Hirondelle
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Contents: 1 Books, Reports . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3
2 Articles, Interviews, Journals, Media, Websites; Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . page 25
3 Films, Stage Plays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 47
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Page 4 of 55
4
1 Books, Reports
A
Abdulai, Napoleon (ed.), Genocide in Rwanda, Africa Research & Information Centre, 1994.
Abtahi, Hirad, & Boas, Gideon (eds.), The Dynamics of International Criminal Justice - Essays in Honour of
Sir Richard May, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2005.
Ackerman, J. E., & O’Sullivan , E., Practice and procedure of the International Criminal Tribunal for the
Former Yugoslavia; with selected material from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Kluwer
International Law, The Hague, 2000.
Adamola, Abass, Complete International Law, Oxford University Press, 2012, 737 pp.
Adelman, Howard, & Suhrke, Astri (eds.), The path of a genocide: The Rwanda Crisis, from Uganda to Zaire
(including articles by Otunnu, Gachhuruzi, Kakwenzire & Kamukama, Chalk, Jones, Callamard,
Adelman, Livingston & Eachus, Laegreid, Suhkre, Castonguay, Prunier, Halvorsen, Gnamo ; and an
extensive bibliography), Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1999.
Aegis Review on Genocide, Genocide Prevention, vol. 1, no. 2, Retford, Notts (UK), 2003-2004
(including articles by Rosenblatt, Huttenbach, Heidenrich, Silverman, Bonwick, Cross, Smith, Stanton,
Roth, Maudsley & Colijn).
African Rights, Rwanda: Death, Despair and Defiance, London, 1995;
- -, Rwanda: Killing the evidence, murder, attacks and intimidation of survivors and witnesses, London, 1996.
Aksar, Y., Implementing humanitarian law: From the ad hoc tribunals to a permanent International Criminal
Court, Frank Cass Publishers, New York, 2004.
Albright, Madeleine, Madam Secretary: A memoir, Talk Miramax, New York, 2003.
Van Alebeek, Rosanne, The immunities of states and their officials in international criminal and international
human rights law, Oxford University Press, 2008: 496 pp.
Alston & Steiner (eds.), International human rights in context, Oxford University Press, 2000.
Alston, Philip, & Mégret, Frédéric (eds.), The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal,
Oxford University Press, 2010.
Altman, Andrew, & Wellman, Chistopher Heath, A liberal theory of international justice, Oxford
University Press, 2011.
Ambos, Kai, Der allgemeine Teil der Völkerstrafrechts: Ansätze einer Dogmatisierung, Berlin 2002;
- - , Treatise on International Criminal Law, vol. 1: Foundations and General Part, OUP, 2013.
Amnesty International, Rwanda: Crying our for justice, London, April 1995;
Page 5 of 55
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- -, Rwanda: Arming the perpetrators of the genocide, London, June 1995;
- -, Rwanda: Alarming resurgence of killings, London, August 1996;
- -, United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Trials and tribulations, AI Index IOR
40/03/98, London, 1998;
- - , Rwanda: The troubled course of justice, AI Index AFR 47/10/00, London, 2000.
Amnéus, Diana, Responsibility to protect by military means: Emerging norms on humanitarian
intervention?, academic dissertation, Stockholm University, 2008 (589 pp.);
- - , A right to humanitarian intervention? – Responsibility to protect and the prevention of genocide, The
Living History Forum, Stockholm, 2009 (44 pp.), available at www.levandehistoria.se ; Swedish
version: Ansvar att skydda: Förebyggande av folkmord – en rätt till humanitär intervention? (96 pp.), Forum
för levande historia, Stockholm, skriftserie # 7:2009.
Amnéus, Diana, & Svanberg-Torpman, Katinka, Peace and security: Current challenges in international
law, Studentlitteratur, Lund, 2004.
Andreassen, Bård-Anders, & Skaar, Elin (eds.), Forsoning eller rettferdighet? Om beskyttelse av
menneskerettighetene gjennom sannhetskommisjoner og rettstribunaler, Cappelen, Oslo, 1998 (including an
article by Anette Frøyland, Ann-Charlotte Nilsson & Astri Suhrke, headed ’Rwanda: Verken
rettferdighet eller fred’, pp. 274-313).
Anyidoho, Henry Kwami, Guns over Kigali, Woeli Publishing Services, Accra, 1997; Kampala, 1998..
Arendt , Hannah, Eichmann in Israel: A Report on the Banality of Evil, Penguin Modern Classics, 1994;
Swedish translation: Den banala ondskan: Eichman i Jerusalem, Daidalos, 1996..
Article XIX, Broadcasting genocide: Censorship, propaganda and state-sponsored violence in Rwanda 1990-
1994, London, 1996.
Ascencio, H., & Decaux, E, & Pellet, A., Droit international pénal, Éditions A. Pedone, Paris, 2000.
Askin, Kelly Dawn, War crimes against women: Prosecution in international war crimes tribunals, Martinus
Nijhoff, The Hague, 1997 (455 pp).
Assemblée nationale de France, Enquête sur la tragédie rwandaise (1990-1994), Paris, 1998.
Association internationale de droit pénal / International Association of Penal Law, International
criminal justice: Historic and contemporary perspectives, Toulouse, 1996;
-- , Recueil / Compendium), Nouvelles Études Pénales, Erès, 1999.
B Baines, Erin K., Body politics and the Rwandan crisis, 2003.
Ball, H., Prosecuting war crimes and genocide: The twentieth-century experience, University Press of
Page 6 of 55
6
Kansas, 1999.
Bantekas, I., & Nash, S., International Criminal Law, London, Cavendish Publishing Ltd.
Barnett, Michael N., Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda, Cornell University Press,
Ithaca, New York, 2002.
Bärfuss, Lukas, Hundert Tage, a novel on the Rwanda blood-bath, 2008 (Swedish translation: Hundra
dagar, Norstedts, Stockholm).
Bartleman, James (Canadian Prime Minister's diplomatic advisor 1994-1998), Rollercoaster,
McClelland & Stewart Ltd., The Canadian Publishers, 2007.
Bass, G. J., Stay the Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals, Princeton University Press,
2000.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, International criminal law, Vol. I: Crimes, Transnational Publishers, New York,
1985;
- - , International criminal law, Vol. II: Procedural and enforcement mechanisms, Transnational Publishers,
New York, 1999;
- - , International criminal law, Vol. III: Enforcement, Transnational Publishers, New York, 1999;
- - , Crimes against humanity in international criminal law, 2nd revised ed., Martinus Nijhoff, Kluwer,
1999;
- - , International criminal law, Ardsley, New York, 1999;
- - , International criminal law mechanisms, 2nd ed., Transnational, New York, 1999;
- - , Introduction to International Criminal Law, Martinus Nijhoff, 2003;
- - , Projet de code pénal international; le droit pénal international, son objet, son contenu, Erés (Criminologie
et sciences de l'homme).
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, & Wise, E. M, ‘Aut dedere, aut judicare’: The duty to extradite or prosecute in
international law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1995.
Bazelaire, J.-P., & Cretin, T., La justice pénale internationale: Son évolution, son avenir de Nuremberg à La
Haye, Criminalité internationale, Presses universitaires de France (PUF), 2000.
Behrens, Paul, & Henham, Ralph, The criminal law of genocide, Ashgate, 2007.
Ben-Naftali, Oma, International Human Rights and Inernational Humanitarian Law, Oxford University
Press, 2011.
Beigbeder, Yves, Judging war criminals: The politics of international justice, MacMillan Press, 2000 (230
pp.);
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- -, International justice against impunity, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2005 (254 pp.);
- - , Judging war crimes and torture: French justice and international criminal tribunals and commissions
(1940-2005), Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2007 (380 pp.).
Belgian Senate, Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry concerning Rwanda / Commission d’enquête
parlementaire concernant les événements du Rwanda, Report / Rapport, Brussels / Bruxelles, 6.12.1997.
Ben-Naftali, Orna, International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law, Oxford
University Press, 2011.
Bergsmo, Morten (ed.), Human Rights and Criminal Justice for the Downtrodden: Essays in Honour of
Asbjörn Eide, Martinus Nijhoff, 2003.
Berry, John A., & Berry, Carol Pott (eds.), Genocide in Rwanda, Howard University Press, Washington
DC, 1999.
Bertrand, J., Le Rwanda, le piège de l'histoire. L'échec de l'opposition démocratique, Karthala, Paris, 2000.
Biggar, Nigel, Burying the past: Making peace and doing justice after civil conflict, Georgetown University
Press, Washington DC, 2001.
Bloomfield, D., & Barnes, T., & al. (eds.), Reconciliation after violent conflict - a handbook, International
IDEA, Stockholm, 2003.
Bloxham. Donald, Genocide on trial: War crime trials and the formation of Holocaust history and memory,
Oxford University Press, 2001.
Boas, Gideon, & Schabas, William A. (eds.), International Criminal Law: Developments in the Case Law of
the ICTY, Martinus Nijhoff, International Humanitarian Law Series no. 6, 2003.
Böhm, Tomas, & Kaplan, Suzanne, Hämnd eller upprättelse: Hämndspiralens psykologi, 2009.
Booh Booh, Jacques-Roger, Le patron de Dallaire parle (in English: Dallaire’s boss speaks), 2005.
Bornkamm, Paul Christoph, Rwanda’s gacaca courts : Between retribution and reparation, Oxford
University Press, 2012.
Boucher-Saulnier, F., Dictionnaire pratique du droit humanitaire, Éditions La Découverte, 1998.
Boustany, K., & Daniel, D. (eds.), Génocide(s), Collection de droit international, Réseau Vitoria,
Bruylant, Bruxelles, 1999.
Bottigliero, Ilaria, Redress for victims of crimes under international law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2004.
Boister, Neil, & Cryer, Robert, The Tokyo International Military Tribunal: A reappraisal, Oxford
University Press, 2008, 376 pp.
Bornkamm, Paul Christoph, Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts: Between Retribution and Reparation, Oxford
Page 8 of 55
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University Press, 2012.
Braeckman, Colette, Rwanda: Histoire d'un génocide, Fayard, Paris, 1994.
- - , Terreur africaine. Burundi, Rwanda, Zaïre: Les racines de la violence, Fayard, Paris, 1996.
Bring, Ove, FN-stadgans folkrätt, Stockholm, 1992;
- - , FN-stadgan och världspolitiken, Norstedts juridik, Stockholm, 2002;
- - , International criminal law in historical perspective: Comments and materials, Stockholm University,
Faculty of Law, ’Skriftserien’ no. 66, Stockholm, 2nd ed. , 2002 (157 pages, including a bibliography);
- - , De mänskliga rättigheternas väg – genom historien och litteraturen, Atlantis, Stockholm, 2011; 720 pp.
Bring, Ove, Mahmoudi, Saïd, & Wrange, Pål, Sverige och folkrätten, 4 uppl., Norstedts juridik,
Stockholm, 2011 (333 s.).
Broomhall, Bruce, International Justice and the International Criminal Court: Between Sovereignty and the
Rule of Law, Oxford University Press, 2003, 226 pp.
Brounéus, Karen, Rethinking Reconciliation: Concepts, Methods, and an Empirical Study of Truth Telling and
Psychological Health in Rwanda, Dissertation/Report no. 18, Uppsala University, Department of Peace
and Conflict Research, Uppsala, 2008.
Browning, Christopher, The path to genocide: Essays on launching the final solution, Cambridge University
Press, 2002.
Brownlie, Ian, The rule of law in international affairs: International law at the fiftieth anniversary of the
United Nations, Martinus Nijhoff, 1998;
- -, Principles of public international law, 7th ed., 780 pp., Oxford University Press, 2008;
- - , Basic documents in international law, 6th ed., 440 pp., Oxford University Press, 2008.
Burgorgue-Larsen, Laurence (ed.), La répression internationale du génocide rwandais, Universités de
Paris-Sud et Rouen, Collection du CREDHO, Bruylant, Bruxelles, 2003.
C
Calvo-Goller, Karin N., The Trial Proceedings of the International Criminal Court; ICTY and ICTR
Precedents, Martin Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2005, 564 pp.
Cameron, Iain, National Security and International Law, 1991;
- - , The Protective Principle of International Criminal Jurisdiction, 1994.
Caplan, Gerald, see below: Organization of African States (OAU), Rwanda - The preventable genocide,
Report of IPEP.
Page 9 of 55
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Carey, John, & Dunlap, William V., & Pritchard, R. John (eds.), International Humanitarian Law: Origins,
Challenges and Prospects, Martinus Nijhoff, 2003.
Carlson, Scott, & Gisvold, Gregory, Practical Guide to the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, Martinus Nijhoff, 2003.
Carlsson Report 1999: see 'United Nations' below.
Cassese, Antonio, Violence and law in the modern age, Princeton University Press, 1988;
- - , International law in a divided world, Oxford University Press, 1989;
- - , International Law, Oxford University Press, 2001;
- - (ed.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, Oxford University Press,
2002; 2,255 pp.;
- - (with Paola Gaeta), International Criminal Law, Oxford University Press, third ed. (paperback),
2013, including select bibliographies and a table of cases; also cf. this book's companion website:
www.oup.com/uk/best.textbooks/law/cassese_internationalcriminallaw ;
- -, The Human Dimension of International Law: Selected Papers, Oxford University Press, 2008, 622 pp.;
- - (ed.-in-chief), The Oxford Companion to International Criminal Justice, Oxford University Press, 2009;
1,100 pp.
Cassese, Antonio, & Delmas Marty, M. (eds.), Crimes internationaux et jurisdictions internationales, PUF,
Paris, 2002.
Cassese, Antonio, & Gaeta, Paola, & Jones, J. (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,
Clarendon Press, 2000.
Cassese, Antonio, & Acquaviva, Guido, & Fan, Mary, & Whiting, Alex, International Criminal Law:
Cases and Commentary, Oxford University Press, 648 pp., 2011.
Castonguay, Jacques, Les Casques Bleus au Rwanda, L’Harmattan, Paris, 1998.
Cesarani, David, Eichmann: His life and crimes.
Charney, Israel W. (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Genocide, vol. I & II, ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, Denver &
Oxford, 1999.
Chrétien, Jean-Pierre, Le Défi de l’ethnisme: Rwanda et Burundi, 1990 - 1996, Karthala, Paris, 1997;
- - , The Great Lakes of Africa: Two thousand years of history, Zone Books, 2003; 503 pages.
Cayton, Richard, & Tomlinson, Hugh, The Law of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, second
edition, 2008.
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Cohen, Hermann J., Intervening in Africa: Superpower peacemaking in a troubled continent, Macmillan,
2000.
Colvin, Madeleine, & Cooper, Jonathan, Human Rights in the investigation and prosecution of crime,
Oxford University Press, 700 pp., 2009.
Coquio, Catherine, Rwanda: Le réel et les récits, 2004, Amazon.fr.
Courtemanche, Gil, Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali, Boréal, Montréal, 2000 (English translation: A
Sunday at the pool in Kigali, Knopf Canada, 2003); cf. the film by R. Favreau below.
Criminal Law Forum, A critical study of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia,
(including articles by Cotic, Tomuschat, Deschênes, Bassiouni, Burns, Kolodkin, Forsythe, Schutte,
Dolenc, Cleiren & Tijssen, Nsereko), Gallant, vol. 5, nos. 2 & 3 , Rutgers University School of Law,
Camden NJ, 1995 (826 pp.).
Cruvellier, Thierry, Le tribunal des vaincus: Un Nuremberg pour le Rwanda ?, Calmann- Lévy, Paris,
2006.
Cryer, Robert, & Friman, Håkan, & Robinson, Darryl, & Wilmshurst, Elizabeth, An Introduction to
International Criminal Law and Procedure, Cambridge University Press, 2007; 477 pp.
D
Dahlbäck, Vincent, Känslor gräver inga gravar (reports from four tragedies: Rwanda, Aceh, Uganda,
Sudan), Carlsson, Stockholm, 2010.
Dallaire, Roméo (with Brent Beardley), Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda,
Random House Canada, Toronto, & Arrow Books, London, 2003 (562 pp.); cf. below the French
version of this book; in addition: the films by P. Raymont and by R. Spottiswoodes;
- -, J'ai serré la main du diable: La faillite de l'humanité au Rwanda, Outremont (Québec, Canada), Libre
expression, 2004.
Dallaire, Roméo, They Fight Like Soldiers, They Die Like Children (on child soldiers of Rwanda), Random
House Canada, Toronto, 2010.
Danelius, Hans, Mänskliga rättigheter, Norstedts juridik, Stockholm, 1993;
-- , Mänskliga rättigheter i europeisk praxis, Norstedts juridik, Stockholm, 2002.
Darcy, Shane, & Powderly, Joseph, Judicial Creativity at the International Criminal Tribunals,
“Comprehensive overview of the ways in which the judges of the Rwanda and Yugoslav Tribunals
have contributed to the development of international criminal law”, Oxford University Press, 432 pp.,
2010.
Decaux, Emmanuel, & Dieng, Adama, & Sow, El Hadji Malick (eds.), From Human Rights to
International Criminal Law: Studies in Honour of an African Jurist, the Late Judge Laïty Kama / Des droits de
l'homme au droit international pénal: Études en l'honneur d'un juriste africain, feu le juge Laïty Kama,
(including an article by Lennart Aspegren & Jamie A. Williamson, headed ’The Rwanda Tribunal and
Page 11 of 55
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Genocide’), Martinus Nijhoff, Brill, Leiden, 2007; 774 pp.
Deigh, John, & Dolinko, David (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Criminal Law, Oxford
University Press, 2011.
Des Forges, Alison,”Leave none to tell the story”: Genocide in Rwanda / ”Aucun témoin ne doit survivre”:
Le génocide au Rwanda, Human Rights Watch & Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de
l’homme, New York / Karthala, Paris, 1999 (789/931 pp.).
Destexhe, Alain, Rwanda: Essai sur le génocide, Éditions Complexe, 1994;
- - , Rwanda and genocide in the twentieth century, New York University Press, New York, 1995;
- - , Qui a tué nos paras ?, Éditions Luc Piré, Bruxelles, 1996.
Destexhe & Foret, De Nuremberg à La Haye et Arusha, Actes du Sénat no. 144, Bruxelles, 1997.
Dinstein, Yoram, & Tabory, Mala, War crimes in international law, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague 1996.
Dinstein, Yoram, The Defence of ‘Obedience to Superior Orders’ in International Law, OUP, 2012.
Dixon, M., Textbook on International Law, 4th ed., Blackstone, 2000.
Dixon, R., & Khan, K., International criminal courts: Practice, procedure and evidence, Sweet & Maxwell,
London, 2003.
Dugard, J., & van den Wyangaert , C. (eds.), International Criminal Law and Procedure, Dartmouth,
Aldershot, 1996.
Dupaquier, Jean-François, & Zurhoff, Efraim, La justice internationale face au drame rwandais, Karthala,
Paris 1996.
E
Eltringham, Nigel P., Accounting for horror: Post-genocide debates in Rwanda, Pluto Press, London, 2004.
Espelund. Görrel, & Karlsson, Andreas, Till mänsklighetens försvar: Iakttagelser av krigsbrott, tribunaler
och försoning (including an Introduction by Lennart Aspegren), Juridisk reportagebyrå, eddy.se ab,
Visby (Sweden), 2006, <www.tillmansklighetensforsvar.se>.
European Law Students' Association (ELSA), Handbook on the InternationalCriminal Court, Brussels,
1997.
F
Falcón y Tella, María José, & Falcón y Tella, Fernando, Punishment and Culture: A Right to
Punish?, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2006; 268 pp.
Familles des paras, Rwanda: Lettre ouverte aux parlementaires, Rapport du Groupe ”Rwanda” du Sénat,
Éditions Luc Pire, Bruxelles, 1997.
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Faust, Jordan J., Bassiouni, M. Cherif, & Scharf, Michael P., International criminal law: Cases and
materials, Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2000.
Feil, Scott, Preventing genocide: How the early use of force might have succeeded in Rwanda, Carnegie
Commission, New York, 1998.
Fernandez-Sánchez, Pablo Antonio (ed.), The New Challenges of Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts -
In Honour of Professor Juan Antonio Carrillo-Salcedo, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2005.
Fischer, H. et al. (eds.), International & national prosecutions of crimes under international law: Current
developments, Berlin Verlag, 2001.
Fisk, Robert, The great war for civilisation, Fourth Estate, GB, 2005; Swedish translation: Det stora kriget
för mänskligheten: Kampen om Mellanöstern, Norstedts, Stockholm, 2007 (1176 pp.).
Fleck, Dieter (ed.), The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law, Oxford University Press, 3rd ed.,
2013.
Foakes, Joanne, The Position of Heads of State and Senior Officials in International Law, Oxford
International Law Library, 2012 (414 pp.).
Fonden för mänskliga rättigheter, Rättssamhällets betydelse för fred och säkerhet: En tematisk skrift om
tillgång till rättvisa, fred och säkerhet samt internationell straffrätt, Stockholm, 2007;
www.humanrights.se
Franche, Dominique, Généalogie du génocide rwandais, 2004.
Franck, Hans Göran (revised, completed & edited by Willian A. Schabas; including contributions by
Lennart Aspegren), The Barbaric Penalty: Abolishing the Death Penalty, The Raoul Wallenberg Institute
Human Rights Library, vol. no. 12, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 2003 (original Swedish
version: Det barbariska straffet, Brottsförebyggande rådet, BRÅ no. 3, Stockholm, 1997).
French, Howard W., A continent for the taking: The tragedy and hope of Africa, Knopf, New York, 2004,
280 pp.
Fujii, Lee Ann, Killing neighbours: Webs of violence in Rwanda, 2009.
G
Gaeta, Paola, The UN Genocide Convention: A commentary, Oxford University Press, 616 pp., 2009.
Garzon, Baltasar, Auto de procesamento a militares argentinos, Madrid, 2.11.1999; <www.derechos.org>
Gasser, H.-P., International humanitarian law: An introduction, 92 pp. (separate print from H. Haug,
’Humanity for all’), International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Haupt, 1993.
, The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crisis (1900-1994), PhD Thesis, University of
Edinburgh, 1998.
Page 13 of 55
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Gatwa, T. , - - -
Genser, Jared, & Cotler, Irwin, The responsibility to protect: The promise of stopping mass atrocities in our
time (preface by Desmond Tutu & Vaclav Havel), Oxford University Press, 2011.
Gerner, Kristian, & Karlsson, Klas-Göran, Folkmordens historia: Perspektiv på det moderna samhällets
skuggsida, Atlantis, Stockholm, 2005, 446 pp. (including references to genocide literature).
Ginbar, Yuval, Why not torture terrorists? – Moral, practical and legal aspects of the ‘ticking bomb’
justification for torture, Oxford Monographs in International Law, OUP, 2009.
Ginburgs, G., & Kudriavtsev, V. N., The Nuremberg Trial and international law, Martinus Nijhoff, 1990.
Glaser, S., Introduction à l'étude du droit international pénal, Sirey, 1954.
Goldhagen, Daniel J., Worse than war: Genocide, eliminationism and the ongoing assault on humanity,
Public Affairs, 658 pp., 2009.
Gourevitch, Philip, ’We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families’ - Stories from
Rwanda, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, New York, 1998; paperback: Picador, London, 2000; French
translation: Nous avons le plaisir de vous informer que, demain, nous serons tués avec nos familles, 2002,
<amazon.fr> ; Swedish translation: Vi vill upplysa er om att vi kommer att dödas i morgon tillsammans med
våra familjer, Atlas, Stockholm, 2009.
Gouteux, Jean-Paul, Un génocide secret d’État: La France et le Rwanda 1990-1997, Éditions sociales, Paris,
1998.
Grimheden, Jonas, & Ring, Rolf (eds.), Human Rights Law: From Dissemination to Application - Essays in
Honour of Göran Melander, (including an article by L. Aspegren, entitled ’Never Again? Rwanda and
the World’), The Raoul Wallenberg Institute Human Rights Library no. 26; Brill, Martinus Nijhoff ,
Leiden; 2006, 382 pp..
Grünfeld, Fred, & Huijboom, Anke, The Failure to Prevent Genocide in Rwanda: The Role of Bystanders,
Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2007; 250 pp.
Guichaoua, André (éd.), Les crises politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda (1993-1994): Analyses, faits et
documents, Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, Karthala, Paris, 1995.
Guichaoua, André, & Ruzibiza, Abdul Joshua, Rwanda: L'histoire secrète, <amazon.fr>, 2005.
H
Hartley, Aidan, The Zanzibar Chest: A memoir of love and war, Harper-Collins, London, 2003, & Harper
Perennial, London, 2004 (on Rwanda, see ’Lazarus’, pp.351-412).
Hartmann, Florence, Paix et châtiment: Les guerres secrètes de la politique et de la justice internationale,
Flammarion, 2007.
Hatzfeld, Jean, Une saison de machettes: Récits, Collection ”Fiction & Cie”, Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 2003,
312 pages;
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- -, Dans le nu de la vie: Récits des marais rwandais, Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 2005;
- - , La stratégie des antilopes, Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 2008; Swedish translation: Antilopernas list,
Weyler förlag, Stockholm, 2009.
Haveman, R. & Kavran, O., & Nicholls, J. (eds.), Supranational criminal law: A system ‘sui generis’,
Intersentia, Antwerp, 2003.
Hayner, Priscilla, Unspeakable truths, Rotledge, 2002.
Heller, Kevin Jon, The Nuremberg military tribunals and the originals of international criminal law, Oxford
University Press, 2012.
Helmick, R.G., & Petersen, R.L., Forgiveness and reconciliation: Religion, public policy and conflict
transformation, Templeton Foundation Press, Philadelphia, 2001.
Henckaerts, Jean Marie, & Doswald-Beck, Louise, Customary International Hamanitarian Law, vol. I :
Rules (621 pages), vol. II: Practice, part 1 (1,982 pages), vol. III : Practice, part 2 (4,411 pages), ICRC,
Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Hennebel, Ludovic, & Hochmann, Thomas (eds.), Genocide denials and the law, Oxford University Press,
2011.
Henzelin, M., & Roth, R. (eds.), Le droit pénal à l'épreuve de l'internationalisation, LGDJ, Paris, 2002.
van den Herik, Larissa J., The Contribution of the Rwanda Tribunal to the Development of International
Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, 2005, 324 pp.
Hersh, Seymour M., Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib, Harper Collins Publishers,
USA, 2004 (Swedish translation: På given order: Vägen från 11 september till Abu Ghraib, Ordfront, 2005).
Hinton, Alexander Laban (ed.), Genocide: An Anthropological Reader, including Leo Kuper,
'Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century', p. 56; Malden, Blackwell, 2002.
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________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Articles, Interviews, Journals, Media, Websites, Acts
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Aceves, W., ’Affirming the Law of Nations in U.S. Courts: The Karadzic litigation and the Yugoslav
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Page 30 of 55
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2001, p.22;
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Croix Rouge, no. 828, ICRC, Geneva 1997;
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- -, ’The Rwanda and Yugoslav Tribunals: Revolutionizing the prosecution of war crime against
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Aspegren, Lennart, 'Rwanda', Sommar i P1, Swedish Broadcasting Corporation (SR), broadcast on 30.7.1999
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Sveriges domareförbund, Stockholm, no. 2/2001, pp. 13-19;
- -, ’Befälsansvar: Några anteckningar om command responsibility enligt internationell straffrätt’ ('Some
notes on command responsibility under international criminal law'), Juridisk tidskrift, Stockholm
University, Faculty of Law, 2001-2002, pp. 456-465 & 694;
- -, ’Rwanda: The 1994 Genocide and the UN Tribunal’, in Stockholm International Forum: Truth, Justice
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- -, ’Folkmord värre än brott mot mänskligheten’, Svenska Dagbladet, Brännpunkt, Stockholm,
24.11.2003, p. 5;
- -, 'Introduction' to G. Espelund & A. Karlsson, Till mänsklighetens försvar: Iakttagelser av krigsbrott,
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Page 32 of 55
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- -,’Never Again? - Rwanda and the World’, in J. Grimheden & R. Ring (eds.), Human Rights Law:
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Aspegren, Lennart, & Williamson, Jamie A., 'The Rwanda Tribunal and Genocide', in E. Decaux &
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Associated Press (AP), ’Laïty Kama: Judge headed tribunal on Rwandan genocide’, The Globe and
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Avocats sans frontières-France (ASF-F), ’Justice pour tous au Rwanda’, Revue Le Barreau de France,
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Axboe Nielsen, Christian, ‘Surmounting the myopic focus on genocide: The case of the war in
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Ayad, Christophe, ’Rwanda: un procès décisif pour le tribunal’ (on the Bagosora trial), daily
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Ayad, Christophe, & Riché, Pascal, ’Génocide au Rwanda: Washington savait’, Libération, Paris,
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Badinter, Robert, ’Tribunal international: l’heure de vérité’, Le Nouvel Observateur, Paris, no. 1753,
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Baines, Erin K., ’Body politics and the Rwandan crisis’, Third World Quarterly, 2003, 24:3, pp. 479-
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Beresford, Stuart, 'Unshackling the paper tiger: The sentencing practices of the ad hoc Tribunals
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Beresford, Stuart, & Lahiouel, Hafida, ’The Right to be Defended in Person or through Legal
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Berg, Lasse, ’Rwanda i stort rättsexperiment’, Dagens Nyheter, Stockholm, 7.12.2001, p. B1;
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- - , ’Rwanda kan inte glömma’, Dagens Nyheter, Stockholm, 8.12.2001, p. B1;
- - , ’Bidrag till mord’, Dagens Nyheter, Stockholm, 22.10.2002, p. B 5;
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Nyheter, Stockholm, 25.1.2004, p. 12.
Bjuremalm, Helena, ’Rättvisa kan skipas i Rwanda: Folkmordet 1994 går att förklara och analysera
på samma sätt som förintelsen av judarna’, Dagens Nyheter, Stockholm, 6.2.1997, p. B3.
Bjørn Hansen, Anders, ’Folkemordsforskningen gennem 50 år - en definitorisk tilgang’, Den jyske
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Boed, R., ’Individual criminal responsibility for violations of Article 3, common to the Geneva
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Reform of Criminal Law, 2002, vol. 13, issue 3.
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and perspectives’, in International law: Theory and practice. - Essays in honour of Eric Suy, 1998, pp.
581-595.
Boije af Gennäs, Louise, ’Vi får inte rangordna folkmord’, Aftonbladet, Söndag, Stockholm,
15.8.1999 (including a review of a radio programme by Lennart Aspegren, broadcast on 30.7.1999
in SR 1, cf. supra).
Boltanski, Christophe, & Naudet, Jean-Baptiste, ‘La veuve et ses ombres´ (un article sur la
situation actuelle de Madame Agathe Habyarimana), Le Nouvel Observateur, no. 2367, 18-24.3.2010,
pp. 34-37.
Braid, Mary, ’Rwanda’s dead arise to shame the world’, The Independent, 24.5.1997, p. 21;
- - , ’Silent scream of Rwanda's youth’, The Independent, 23.5.1998, p. 17.
Brauman, R., & Smith, S. & Vidal, C., 'Rwanda: Politique de terreur, privilège d'impunité', La
Revue Esprit, France, 2000.
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Judging war criminals: The politics of international justice; cf.supra), Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm,
Under strecket, 29.6.2000;
- -, 'Hugo Grotius and the Roots of Human Rights Law', in J. Grimheden & R. Ring, Rolf (eds.),
Human Rights Law: From Dissemination to Application - Essays in Honour of Göran Melander, The Raoul
Wallenberg Institute Human Rights Library no. 26; Brill, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden; 2006,
382 pp. (cf. supra);
- -, ‘The Genocide Convention 60 years: a historical introduction’, in Diana Amnéus, A right to
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in Diana Amnéus, Ansvar att skydda: Förebyggande av folkmord – en rätt till humanitär intervention?); see
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Brown, Bertram S., ’Primacy or complementarity: Reconciling the jurisdiction of national courts
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Cameron, Iain, 'Swedish International Criminal Law Rules and "Gross Human Rights Offences" ',
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Canada: Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act, Ottawa, Canada; the Munyaneza case,
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Chrétien, Jean-Pierre, ’Au Rwanda, ”la France” n’est pas coupable’, Le Monde, 14.3.1998, p. 17.
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- - , ’Hutuer och tutsier - ett och samma folk’, Samhällsmagasinet Epok, 1998, no. 2, pp. 10-13.
Cissé, Catherine, ’The international tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda: Some
elements of comparison’, Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, 7, 1997, pp. 103-118;
- -, ’The end of a culture of impunity in Rwanda ? Prosecution of genocide and war crimes before
Rwandan courts and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’, Yearbook of International
Humanitarian Law, vol. 1, 1998, pp. 161-188.
Cox International Law Center, Grotian Moment: The Saddam Hussein Trial Blog,
<www.law.case.edu/saddamtrial/>
Criminal Law Forum, various articles.
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30.10.1996;
- -, ’On Eve of U.N. Rwanda Trials, Reports of Misconduct’, The New York Times, 9.1.1997.
D
Daniel, Jean, ’Après Papon, le Rwanda ?’, Le Nouvel Observateur, 9-15.4.1998, p. 21.
Del Ponte, Carla, 'Investigation and Prosecution of Large-scale Crimes at the International Level:
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Des Forges, Alison, & Longman, Timothy, ‘Legal responses to the genocide in Rwanda’, in Stover
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Zacklin, Ralph, 'The failings of ad hoc international tribunals', Journal of International Criminal Justice,
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______________________________________________________________________
3 Films, Stage Plays
A Acquaro, Kimberlee, & Sherman, Stacy, God sleeps in Rwanda, a short documentary, Oscar nominee
2006.
Assur, Jens, Den sista hunden i Rwanda, a 30 minutes TV film, with Jonas Karlsson & Reine Brynolfsson,
firstly broadcast by Swedish Television (SVT 2 ) on 31.5.2006.
Axén, Patrick, Världens händelser: “Folkmordet i Rwanda”, a Swedish 30 minutes documentary on the
Rwanda genocide, broadcast by Swedish Television (SVT 2) on 16.11.2011.
B
Baker, Greg, Ghosts of Rwanda, a 154 minutes documentary, produced by PBS Frontline, 2004, reporting
on the role of UN, USA & ICRC during the 1994 genocide; interviews with UN Secretary General Kofi
Annan, former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, former UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali,
Canadian General Romeo Dallaire, former National Security Advisor Anthony Lake, et al. Broadcast in 2004 on
PBS, Canada; available on DVD, and on www.pbs.org , video clip on www.tinyurl.com/2c43fy .
Barna, Laszlo (producer), Shake Hands with the Devil; see R. Spottiswoode below.
C
Caton-Jones, Michael, Shooting Dogs, a 115 mins. film with John Hurt & Hugh Daucy, premiere in
Kigali, Rwanda, 2006 [about an ethically torn Catholic priest caught in the middle of the 1994
genocide].
Christoffersen, Michael, Genocide: The Judgement (English version, BBC), Domare i folkmord
(Swedish version, SVT 1 & SVT 2), Dommer i folkemord (Danish version, DR); a 45 mins.
documentary on Lennart Aspegren's work as an ICTR Judge at the 1998 Akayesu trial in Arusha;
Team Productions Aps, Copenhagen, first televised in 1998; available on VHS and DVD.
Christoffersen, Michael, & Heide, Mette, Milosevic on Trial, a documentary on the ICTY trial in
The Hague, Team Productions Aps, Copenhagen, 2007.
F
Favreau, Robert, Un dimanche à Kigali / A Sunday in Kigali, un film avec Luc Picard et Fatou
N'Diaye, basé sur le roman Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali par Gil Courtemanche (cf. supra),
produit au Rwanda par Equinoxe Productions (Danielle Champoux), Montréal, Canada, 2005.
G
Gargot, Cristophe, D’Arusha à Arusha, un documentaire sur le Tribunal Pénal International pour le
Rwanda (TPIR) [a French documentary on the ICTR], 2009.
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George, Terry, Hotel Rwanda, a fictionalised 122 mins. movie with Don Cheadle, Sophie Okonedo
and Nick Nolte (playing the rôle of a UN general, loosely based on Roméo Dallaire), produced by
LGF & United Artists, Oscar-nominated 2004.
Glucksmann, Raphaël, Tuez-les tous ! - Rwanda: l'histoire d'un génocide, a 100 mins. French
documentary film (five acts: Les causes du génocide, La bascule, L'extermination, Une histoire
franaise, Après). Including live pictures from the 1994 mass killings and statements by Rwandan
survivors and perpetrators. By (in the order they appear): Jean-Pierre Chrétien, Jean Hatzfeld,
Alison Des Forges, Roméo Dallaire, Luc Marchal, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Paul Kagamé, Patrick de
Saint-Exupéry, Gérard Prunier, Franois Léotard, Bernard Kouchner, Franois Mitterand, Hubert
Védrine, Christian Quesnot, Bernard Debré, Jean Hervé Bradol, Bill Clinton, & Alain Juppé.
Produced by Télé Images, Dam Dam Films, France, 2004.
H
Hughes, Nick, Iseta: Behind the roadblock, a documentary video from the 1994 Rwanda genocide,
available at www.thestar.com
K
Klotz, Jean-Christophe, Kigali: des images contre un massacre, 2006.
N
N.N., Le jour où Dieu est parti en voyage (SVT version : Dagen då Gud gav sig av - Från idyll till
folkmord; Rwanda 1994), French-Belgian drama, with Ruth Nirere and Laëtitia Reva, 2009.
P
Peck, Raoul, Sometimes in April, a drama with Debra Winger, partly filmed in Rwanda, 140 mins.,
HBO Television, 2006.
R
Raymont, Peter, Shake Hands with the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire, a 90 minutes
documentary, produced by White Pine Pictures & the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation,
Toronto, Canada, 2004; available on DVD (cf. Dallaire’s book supra).
Rinaldo, Maria, Mothers of war, a documentary from the Documentary Group, broadcast on
Swedish Television SVT, 30.8.2009.
Rogers, J.T., The Overwhelming, a play examining the mounting tensions in 1994 Rwanda,
produced by Studio 180 Theatre in association with the Canadian Stage Company, director Joel
Greenberg, starring David Storch, Nigel Shawn Williams, 2007, Toronto 2010.
S
Spottiswoode, Roger, Shake Hands with the Devil, a 111 minutes feature film drama, written by
Roméo Dallaire & Michael Donovan, based on Dallaire’s book ’Shake Hands with the Devil’ (cf.
supra), produced by Laszlo Barna, Toronto, Canada, 2007, with Roy Dupuis; premiere on
9.9.2009 at the Toronto International Film Festival; comments 10.8.2007 on <thestar.com>,
probably available on DVD.
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Y
YouTube, 'Ghosts of Rwanda', web site including documentary films:
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqX1ta8hdqQ&feature=related> or <www.tinyurl.com/2c43fy> "Ghosts of Rwanda”; transcript and further information at Ghosts of Rwanda
Other films: A killer’s homecoming (2004, 50 mins.);
Chronicle of a genocide foretold (3 parts, 1996, 141 mins.);
Frontline: Ghosts of Rwanda, documentary (2004, 120 mins.);
Hand of God, Hand of the Devil (1996, 50 mins.);
Hiding from death, documentary (2006, 13 mins.);
In Rwanda we say... The family that does ...nor speak (2004, 54 mins.);
Keepers of memory (2004, 50 mins.);
Kisangani diary (1999, 50 mins.);
Rwanda: In search for hope (1999, 53 mins.);
The last just man (2001, 50 mins.);
100 days (2001, 96 mins.).
* * * * * *
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At the ICTR,
Arusha, Tanzania
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