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Page 1Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
ALFRED and ELFR Secondary System and
Plant Layout
Page 2Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
• Secondary system optimized for demonstrating that ALFRED reactor would be able to efficiently produce electric power
• Important considerations and constraints:– Lead temperature never drops to alarming values– ST 182 bar; 450ºC superheated steam– Pipes dimensioning: feed water, main steam and pipes through the
containment– Operational Modes:
• Normal Mode Efficient electric production• Partial load Mode Partial thermal load operation• By-pass Mode Direct heat transfer through the condenser• Auxiliary heating Mode Lead heating from the secondary system
1. Scope
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 3Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
• Secondary system main parameters:– Steam Generators:
• Outlet pressure: 182 bar (180 bar at inlet of the HP turbine valve)• Inlet pressure: 188 bar• Outlet temperature: 450ºC• Inlet temperature: 335ºC• Steam flow: 192.7 Kg/s. Thermal power 300 MWth
– Heat sink:• Mechanical draft cooling tower• Nominal: 18ºC; 60% relative humidity• Extreme summertime (EUR): 37ºC; 60% relative humidity• Extreme wintertime (EUR): -25ºC; 100% relative humidity
– Steam turbine group inlet control: throttle control valve– Steam turbine mechanical losses: 0.25%– Deaerator elevation: 22.86 m
2. Main input data
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 4Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
• Two turbines HP and LP with three extractions each• Heater fed with main steam (Feedwater Temp. Control Heater - FWTCH)• Three low pressure (LP) preheaters and three high pressure (HP) preheaters • Single train for the HP and LP preheaters • Moisture separator (MS) is included • HPT exhaust pressure of 12 bar
3. Secondary system options
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 5Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
Steam Cycle Efficiency: 44,68%
Net Cycle Efficiency: 41,50%
Generator Output: 133 MWe
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 6Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
4. Secondary system layout
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 7Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
4. Secondary system feasibility study: Normal Mode
• Turbine configuration:– HP Turbine and a LP Turbine, with no intermediate stage (typical nuclear
configuration)– HP Turbine: 180 bar to 12 bar range, with three extraction lines– Turbine power range for medium turbines (less than 200 MW)– Axial exhaust turbine is chosen for ALFRED
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 8Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
4. Secondary system feasibility study: Normal Mode STEAM MASTER 21.0
177 02-15-2012 12:38:14 C:\Documents and Settings\gpp\Mis documentos\GPP_C\LEADER\Informes\informe f inal 2012\CÁLCULOS\15_02_12\nominal y carga parcial\2REC_180_II_100%.stm
5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
ENTROPY kJ/kg-K
EN
THA
LPY
kJ/
kg
180 bar
138,7 bar
175,9 bar
94,3 bar
54,23 bar
28,69 bar
12,44 bar 4,913 bar
1,569 bar
0,374 bar 0,054 bar
Exhaust (LPT0)
0,95
0,9
0,85
0,8
200 C
300 C
400 C
8D188 p335 T
1541,1 h192,7 M
188,5 p299,2 T1330,7 h192,7 M
(0)182 p450 T3098 h20,17 M
139,5 p425,2 T3095 h20,17 M
13,33 M
300,7 T1342,8 h33,49 M
p [bar] T [C] h [kJ/kg] M [kg/s]
p [bar] T [C] M [kg/s] h [kJ/kg]
FWH type: Flash Back with Drain Cooler Total heat transfer = 40545 kWHeat transfer(s) in Condensing section = 31254 kW Drain cooler = 7178 kW Shell pressure = 139,5 bar Saturation temperature = 336,4 CNumber of passes = 2 Surface area = 1697,9 m^2Tubes: OD = 19,05 mm Length = 16,3 m Number = 1740FW vel. = 2,002 m/s DP = 0,539 bar
139,5 p336,4 T
HPT LPT1
M ois tureSeparator
RH1 RH2
0
12
34 5
67
8
p [bar] T [C] h [kJ/kg] M [kg/s]
182 p450 T
3098 h33,49 M
94,3 p353,4 T
2955,8 h16,68 M
54,23 p283,8 T
2851,8 h22,63 M
28,69 p231,4 T
2747,4 h9,482 M
12,44 p189,6 T
2627,7 h7,358 M
4,913 p252,4 T
2966,4 h6,151 M
1,569 p137,8 T
2747,6 h5,784 M
0,374 p74,28 T
2525,2 h4,012 M
Total exhaust0,054 p34,39 T
2304,8 h77,87 M89,31 %
180 p448,3 T3095 h159,2 M
175,
9 p
12,44 p189,6 T
2627,7 h101,4 M
11,96 p357,4 T3170 h93,82 M
FWH4 (DA) shell189,1 T803,8 h8,034 M
12,32 p189,1 T2784,7 h93,33 M
(2)51,83 p280,7 T10,57 M
FWH6 shell266,2 T10,57 M
12,14 p268 T2975,6 h93,33 M
(0)180,1 p449 T
13,33 M
FWH8 shell357,1 T13,33 M
11,96 p357,6 T3170 h93,33 M
Expansion powerMechanical lossGenerator lossGenerator power
136203340,61839,6134023
kWkWkWkW
STEAM MASTER 21.0 Empresarios Agrupados, A.I.E.177 02-15-2012 12:38:14 C:\Documents and Settings\gpp\Mis documentos\GPP_C\LEADER\Informes\informe final 2012\CÁLCULOS\15_02_12\nominal y carga parcial\2REC_180_II_100%.stm
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 9Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
4. Secondary system feasibility study: Partial Load Mode
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
100% 75% 50% 25%
%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
MWe
Cycle Efficiency (%) Generator output (MWe)
• Throttle control valve System is able to lower the load without lowering too much the pressure of the temperature
• Performance decreases as the load decreases• FWTC Heater Valve maintain the feed water temperature (335ºC)
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 10Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
• Only liquid water is not feasible• System with only steam is proposed:
– Lead temperature: 380ºC – 400ºC– Steam temperature: 400ºC – 450ºC– Optimum SG inlet pressure? 30 bar
4. Secondary system feasibility study: Auxiliary Heating Mode
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95
SG inlet pressure (bar)
kW
405
410
415
420
425
430
435
440
445ºC
Circulating power Auxiliar heater intlet temperature
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95
SG inlet pressure (bar)
Ste
am
sid
e m
ass
flo
w (
kg/s
)0
5
10
15
20
25
Le
ad
sid
e m
ass
flo
w (
kg/s
)
Steam side mass flow Lead side mass flow
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 11Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
• Deaerator (operating at atmospheric pressure) fed with main steam• FWTC Heater maintains 335ºC• High FWTC Heater DDA attemperation with condensate water
4. Secondary system feasibility study: By-Pass Mode
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 12Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
4. Secondary system feasibility study: Heat Sink Analysis
20,91 T4046 M
p [bar] T [C] h [kJ/kg] M [kg/s]
0,054 p34,39 T2303,1 h78,08 M89,24 %
STexh 78 MMisc. 0,088 M
0,353 p
15,96 p34,6 T
78,08 M
20,92 T4046 M
30,9 T
18 T60% RH4982 M13,43 T w et bulb
24,1 T w et bulb100% RH5038 M
Condenser heat rejectionCondensate pump powerCW circulation pump powerCooling tower fanCW blowdownCW makeup
168592187,81190,11193,113,9569,73
kJ/skWkWkWkg/skg/s
STEAM MASTER 21.0 Empresarios Agrupados, A.I.E.177 02-15-2012 12:38:14 C:\Documents and Settings\gpp\Mis documentos\GPP_C\LEADER\Informes\informe final 2012\CÁLCULOS\15_02_12\nominal y carga parcial\2REC_180_II_100%.stm
32,47 T4046 M
p [bar] T [C] h [kJ/kg] M [kg/s]
0,101 p45,98 T2389 h79,68 M91,84 %
STexh 79,59 MMisc. 0,088 M
0,4 p
15,98 p46,19 T79,68 M
32,49 T4046 M
42,85 T
37 T60% RH4712 M29,91 T w et bulb
36,33 T w et bulb100% RH4783 M
Condenser heat rejectionCondensate pump powerCW circulation pump powerCooling tower fanCW blowdownCW makeup
175010188,31187,61141,117,7788,85
kJ/skWkWkWkg/skg/s
STEAM MASTER 21.0 Empresarios Agrupados, A.I.E.177 02-15-2012 12:40:42 C:\Documents and Settings\gpp\Mis documentos\GPP_C\LEADER\Informes\informe final 2012\CÁLCULOS\15_02_12\nominal y carga parcial\2REC_180_II_100%.stm
Environmental conditions Nominal Extreme summer Extreme winter
Steam Cycle Efficiency (%)
44.68 42.57 > 44.68
Transferred Heat (MW) 168 175 < 168
Condenser Pressure (bar) 0.054 0.101 < 0.054
Nominal
Extreme summer
Extreme winter
- Mechanical draft cooling tower- Nominal: 18ºC; 60% relative humidity- Extreme summertime (EUR): 37ºC; 60% relative humidity- Extreme wintertime (EUR): -25ºC; 100% relative humidity
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 13Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
5. Main steam and feed water pipes dimensioning
• High temperature material: SA-335 Gr91• Design temperature: 450ºC• Design pressure: 20 MPa
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 14Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
• Good performance of the proposed secondary system is demonstrated
• Requirements are complied:– High steam cycle efficiency: 44.68% reactor economic viability– Good behavior at partial loads– Minimum FW temperature at SG inlet is well controlled (335ºC)– By-pass operation mode is feasible– Auxiliary heating system is proposed: heating lead from secondary system– Performance at extreme summer and wintertime
• SG operational parameters are defined• Pipes dimensioning (SA-335 Gr91) and preliminary track through the
containment is proposed
6. Conclusions
ALFRED Secondary System
Page 15Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
Plant surface: 276x270 m2
ALFRED Plant Layout
Page 16Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
ALFRED Reactor Building
Supported over seismic isolators
Page 17Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
ELSY PLANT AREA TENTATIVE PARAMETERS
Power About 600 MWe
Thermal efficiency About 40 %
Primary coolant Pure lead
Primary system Pool type, compact
Primary coolant circulation (at power) Forced
Primary coolant circulation for DHR Natural circulation + Pony motors
Core inlet temperature ~ 400°C
Core outlet temperature ~ 480°C
Fuel MOX with assessment also of behaviour of nitrides and dispersed minor actinides
Fuel handling Search for innovative solutions
Main vessel Austenitic ss, hanging, short-height
Safety Vessel Anchored to the reactor pit
Steam Generators Integrated in the main vessel
Secondary cycle Water-supercritical steam
Primary Pumps Mechanical, in the hot collector
Internals As much as possible removable, (objective: all removable)
Hot collector Small-volume above the core
Cold collector Annular, outside the core, free level higher than free level of hot collector
DHR coolers Immersed in the cold collector
Seismic design 2D isolators supporting the main vessel
ELFR Secondary System
Page 18Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
The data for the supercritical cycle were:• Steam generator inlet temperature: 335ºC• Steam generator outlet temperature: 450ºC• Steam generator outlet pressure: 24,3 Mpa• Steam Generator pressure for supercritical cycle: 26 MPa
EfficiencySteam Generator Inlet
TemperatureMass Flow
Superheater Steam Cycle 36,25% 260 ºC 1009 kg/s
Supercritical Steam Cycle 43,24% 335 ºC 961,3 kg/s
He-Brayton Cycle 30,67% 308,6 ºC 2665 kg/s
CO2 Supercritical Cycle 41,69% 259,8 ºC 6022 kg/s
ELFR Secondary System
Page 19Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
Access Control
Visitor Building
Administration Building
Cooling Towers
Pump House
Water Storage Tanks
Service Water Building & Water TreatmentEffluent Collection Pond
Make-Up Pumps House
Dematerialized Tank
N2 Plant & Warehouse
Diesel Tank
Warehouse
Switch Yard
Cold Machine Shop
Turbine Building
Auxiliary Boiler Reactor Building
Condensate Storage Tanks
Diesel Generators
Transformers
Service Building & Operation Support Center
Fire Brigade & Fire Water Storage Tank
Independent Spent Fuel Storage
Fuel Building
Plant surface: 360 x 450 m²
ELFR Plant Layout. Option 1
Page 20Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
Cooling Tower
Pump House
Service Water Building & Water Treatment
Effluent Collection Pond
Make-Up Pumps House
Dematerialized Tank
Condensate Storage Tanks
N2 Plant & Warehouse
Transformers
Diesel Tank
Warehouse
Diesel Generators
Switch Yard
Cold Machine Shop
Turbine Building
Service Building & Operation Support Center
Fire Brigade & Fire Water Storage Tank
Reactor Building
Independent Spent Fuel Storage
Fuel Building
Administration Building
Visitor Building
Access Control
ELFR Plant Layout. Option 2
Page 21Petten 27 – Feb. - 2013
3
1-2
3
ELFR Reactor Building