CCIEindex.fm Page 1242 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 9:49 AMtesting, 1025 traffic filtering over serial...

CCIEindex.fm Page 1242 Tuesday, March 18, 2003 9:49 AM

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E

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Symbols & Numerics

µ-law, 413

2-way neighbor state (OSPF), 74916-bit boot register, 26.

See also

CONFREG utilityaccessing, 34boot field, 30configuring

on Catalyst switches, 36–38on Cisco routers, 38–39

CONFREG utility, corresponding bit positions, 44–45

default settings, 27–30802.1q trunking protocol, 143802.3 subcommittee, 1181000Base-CX Gigabit Ethernet, 1271000Base-LX Gigabit Ethernet, 1271000Base-SX Gigabit Ethernet, 1261000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet, 127

A

A B C D signaling, 417Abort at message, break signal output, 42ABRs (area border routers), 754AbS (analysis by synthesis), 414absolute line number

clearing, 56listing, 54–55modifying, 56

access groups, 997access lists

access groups, 997applying

in bridged environments, 940to interfaces, 997to serial interfaces, 1025

configuration guidelines, 990displaying, 1004–1005dynamic, configuring, 1005–1009extended IP

configuring, 998–1004precedence values, 1001Protocol field values, 998–999

supported TCP port numbers, 999–1000supported UDP port numbers, 1000–1001syntax, 998

filtering MAC addresses, 939NetBIOS names addresses, 939SAPs, 937–938

logical AND, 993logical OR, 993named

configuring, 1009–1010example, 1024filtering even subnets, 1015

naming conventions, 1007operation of, 989–990standard, 994–995

applying to ports, 996implicit deny, 996

testing, 1025traffic filtering over serial links, configuring,

1021–1027wildcard masks, 991

access servers, 7, 10cabling options, 9Cisco 2511, 7configuring, 98–100reverse Telnet sessions, configuring, 53–55show line command output, 70–71testing configuration, 100–101

access-enable command, 1007accessing 16-bit boot register, 34ACKs (acknowledgments)

EIGRP, 679–680OSPF, 756

active mode (HSRP), 1076ACTIVE status (PVCs), 348, 358adapters, RJ-45-to-DB-25 pinouts, 9–10adaptive cut-through switching, 136adding modems to routers, 68–75address formats

DLSw+, 903SVC-based ATM, 569–570

address mappingsATM, 568–569Frame Relay

configuring, 349–350displaying, 361


1244

address pools, configuring, 1037address signaling, 395–396addressing schemas, defining on asynchronous

interfaces, 291–296adjacencies (OSPF), 748–751

criteria, 744adjusting RIP timers, 612administrative distance, 296, 603–604ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse code

modulation), 413–415advanced configuration, 919–924, 927–936advanced DDR with dialer profiles, 297advanced parameters, ISDN configuration, 469–524advertisements

LSAs, 742VTP, 141

A-law, 413alternate CHAP host names, DDR configuration,

477–480analog remote access, configuring, 68–74, 108–113analog telephony, 393

DSI, 416local loops, 397signal digitization, 411–412

compression, 414–415encoding, 413sampling, 413

signaling, 394–395telephone call components, 394trunks, 399

delay start signaling, 407DID, 400DOD, 400E&M signaling, 404–406ground start signaling, 402immediate start signaling, 408loop start signaling, 400supervory signaling, 406wink start signaling, 406

two-to-four wire conversion, 408voice switches

CO switches, 397intermediate switches, 399PBX switches, 399

analysis by synthesis (AbS), 414ANSI LMIs, 58, 344application layer, 1197

applyingaccess lists

guidelines, 990logical OR, 993to interfaces, 997to ports, 996to serial interfaces, 1025

commands, importance of technique, 311EIGRP redistribution, 690–697EIGRP route control, 698–699FRTS to serial interfaces, 388

area 0 (OSPF), 753areas (OSPF), 753–754

establishing, 760–761stub areas, configuring, 783

arguments, atm pvc command, 566–567ASBRs (autonomous system boundary routers), 754ASs (autonomous systems), 683assigning

bridge group number to STP, 851host names to routers, 287

async mode command, 280async mode dedicated command, 280async mode interactive command, 280async routing command, 281asynchronous breakout cable, 1225asynchronous interfaces

DDR configuration, 316–317PPP configuration

configuring addressing schemas, 291–296configuring DDR on interface, 297–302defining PPP on interface, 280–283,

286–291modem setup, 278–280

asynchronous serial ports, 1224–1226AT command set, 69ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

address mappings, 568–569cell header fields, 556Classical IP (RFC 2225), 574–575

PVC implementation, 575–577SVC implementation, 577–581

ILMI, 568lab exercises, required equipment, 557–561multiprotocol encapsulation (RFC 2684), 562


address pools, configuring


1245

PNNI, 556RFC 2225 configuration, lab exercises,

590–596RFC 2684 configuration, lab exercises,

582–589atm arp-server self command, 581atm ilmi-pvc-discovery subinterface command, 568atm pvc command, arguments, 566–567Attempt neighbor state (OSPF), 749AUI cable assembly, 1222–1223authentication

CHAP, 283configuring over synchronous links,

323–330DDR configuration, 473–480unidirectional authentication, 480

NTP configuration, 1101–1102OSPF, 797

Type 1, 797–800Type 2, 798–800

PAP, 288–289configuring over asynchronous

interface, 316DDR configuration, 470–473

password recoveryCatalyst switches, 89–90Cisco routers, 83–88

authentication phase (LCP), 275autocommand command, 1007autonegotiation, 128autonomous system external LSAs, 755autoselect command, 281autosummarization, EIGRP routes, 702–705auxiliary ports

modem configuration, 289pinouts, 1209–1210

B

B (bearer) channel (ISDN), 452backbone area, 753backbone routers, 754

configuring, 66–67Frame Relay, prestaging configuration,

1144–1146LANs, simulating, 11–13

backoff, 124back-to-back connections (V.35), configuring PPP

on serial interface, 276–277back-to-back routers, modeling WANs, 14–18backup

DLSw+ configuration, 920–923OSPF configuration, 800–801

backup interface command, 333backup interfaces, 510

DDR configuration, 509–515backup load command, 516–517backward compatibility

access-list commands, 1004RIP-2, 614

BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol), 306

bandwidthas metric, 603EIGRP metric, 671IGRP metric, 642Twinkie Theory, 117

Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP), 306

bandwidth command, 355, 649, 692Bat Phone configuration, 447–449Bc (committed burst), 345BDRs (backup designated routers)

OSPF, 745–746Be (excess burst), 345, 364bearer capability values, debug isdn command, 1193BECN (backward-explicit congestion

notification), 365Bellman-Ford algorithms, 604BID (Bridge ID), 129binary

comparison bits (access lists), 992logical OR operator, 993

B-ISDN (Broadband ISDN), 451bit settings (16-bit boot register)

boot field, 30break key, 32display factory diagnostics settings, 33fast boot/force boot bit, 31high-speed console, 31ignore NVRAM bit, 32netboot broadcast bit, 32netboot failure response settings, 33

bit settings (16-bit boot register)


1246

OEM bit, 32reserved bit, 32terminal baud rate settings, 33

Blocking state (STP), 131Blocking STP state, 133Boolean operators, 993boot field (16-bit boot register), 30boot process, 33–34boot register, 26.

See also

CONFREG utilityaccessing, 34configuring on Catalyst switches, 36–38configuring on Cisco routers, 38–39default settings, 27–30password recovery

for routers, 45–46for switches, 46–48

boot system flash command, 52border peers (DLSw+), configuring, 924, 927–928BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units), 129break key combinations, 40–41break segment (pulse signaling), 395BRI (Basic Rate Interface), 452

applying extended IP access lists, 1003bridge group 1 protocol ieee command, 853bridge group lists (DLSw+), configuring, 929–932bridge group number, assigning to STP, 851bridged protocols, 845bridging

access listsapplying in bridged environments, 940filtering MAC addresses, 939filtering SAPs, 937–938

IRB, 858–859configuring, 859–866

path costs, 130SRB, 867–868

configuring, 872example configuration, 881–889largest frame size, setting, 891multiport, configuring, 873–876operational status, displaying, 880–881remote, configuring, 877–880RIF field, 867–871static RIF configuration, 891–894STP explorer configuration, 891

transparent, 846configuring, 850–852enabling, 853–855MAX Age timer, 847STP, 849–850verifying, 858

TrBRF, 204–206broadcast client mode, NTP configuration,

1094–1095broadcast domains, 136–138broadcast keyword (frame-relay map

command), 350broadcast networks, OSPF, 745broadcast updates, 605Broken STP state, 131building framework for internetwork modeling, 25

16-bit boot register, 26–48bundling, 305–306

C

cabling, octal cable, 7calculating CM, 672–674call screening, ISDN configuration, 482callback, ISDN configuration, 482–487callback servers, 311–312called routers, 458calling routers, 458CAN (community-area network), 117canceling echo, 409–411canonical address format, 203capabilities exchange, 899

DLSw+, 899, 902“care bit”, 991carrier sense, 124CAS (Channel Associated Signaling), 417Catalyst 3920Catalyst switches

boot register, configuring, 36, 38break key combinations, 41password recovery, 89–90password recovery process, 46–48switched Ethernet, configuring, 148–199Token Ring switching, configuring, 208–220

cause code fields (ISDN debug command), 1182

bit settings (16-bit boot register)


1247

cause value field descriptions, debug isdn command, 1184–1193

CCIE certificationone-day exam, 1126preparing for, 1126–1127

recommended resources, 1127–1133timed portion, 1138–1142

CCITT (International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee), 451

CCS (Common Channel Signaling), 417CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol), 294cells (ATM), header fields, 556CELP, 415certification, CCIE one-day exam, 1126

preparing for, 1126–1127recommended resources, 1127–1133timed portion preparation, 1138–1142

changing NAT translation, 1048channel signaling

CAS, 417CCS, 417

channels, ISDN, 452CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication

Protocol), 275characteristics

of distance vector routing protocols, 605of HDLC, 254

chat scripts, configuring modem initialization settings, 72–75

CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing), 1031CIR (committed information rate), 345, 364circuit establishment, DLSw+, 899Cisco1750 routers, 419Cisco 2511 access servers, 7Cisco 2600 routers, 419Cisco 3600 routers, 419Cisco 7200 routers, 421Cisco 7xxx routers, PVC configuration (RFC 2684),

582–589Cisco IOS planner, 49Cisco IOS Software

absolute line numberlisting, 54–55modifying, 56

commmands, comparing old and new, 50downloading, 49images, copying from TFTP server, 49–50

lab requirements, 23PPP multilink support, 306ROM monitor mode, entering, 40–41upgrading, 48–53, 91–96

verifying available memory, 51Cisco LMIs, 58, 344Cisco MC3810 routers, 420Cisco routers

boot register, configuring, 38–39CONFREG utility, verifying support for, 43–44Voice Network Modules, 418

cited documentation, 1231–1240class command, 574classful routing, RIP, 612–613s, 654Classical IP

configuring, lab exercises, 590–596RFC 2225 configuration, 574–575


classless routing, RIP, 614, 670clear counters command, 260clear frame-relay-inarp command, 363clear ip ospf process command, 782clear line command, 56clearing

NAT translations, 1048VLANs from trunks, 174–175

client mode (VTP), 142clients (NTP), configuring, 1110–1111clock (NTP), timezone configuration, 1102–1103clock rate, configuring on interfaces, 15clock rate command, 257, 1013clock summertime command, 1103clock timezone command, 1103clockrate command, 1053CLP (Cell Loss Priority) field, ATM cell header, 556CM (composite metric), 672CO (central office) switches, 397–398

ISDN U interface, 454two-to-four wire conversion, 408

codecs, 411collision domains, 136collisions, 124commands, 648, 1017

access-enable, 1007applying, importance of technique, 311

commands


1248

async mode, 280async routing, 281atm arp-server self, 581atm ilmi-pvc-discovery, 568atm pvc, arguments, 566–567autocommand, 1007autoselect, 281backup interface, 333backup load, 516–517bandwidth, 355, 649, 692boot system flash, 52bridge group 1 protocol ieee, 853class, 574clear counters, 260clear frame-relay inarp, 363clear ip ospf process, 782clear line, 56clock rate, 257, 1013clock summertime, 1103clock timezone, 1103clockrate, 1053comparing old and new, 50compress, 303compression stac, 256debug, ISDN cause code fields, 1182debug dialer, 308, 338, 531–532debug dlsw core, 919debug dlsw reachability, 918–919debug eigrp packets, 689debug frame-relay lmi, 62, 361–362debug ip igrp, 646–647debug ip igrp transactions, 667debug ip nat, 1034, 1047debug ip ospf adj, 750–751, 781debug ip ospf events, 781debug ip rip, 613, 619, 623debug isdn

bearer capability values, 1193cause value field description, 1184–1193progress description field values, 1194

debug isdn events, 531debug isdn q.921, 530debug ntp events, 1107debug ntp select, 1107debug ppp authentication, 308, 533debug ppp negotiation, 308, 311debug serial interface, 254–255, 260–261debug standby, 1077default-metric, 620, 648

delay, 648, 692dialer enable-timeout, 485dialer fast-idle, 299dialer idle-timeout, 457dialer load-threshold, 300, 306dialer string, 299dialer watch, 295dialer-group, 460dialer-in-band, 292distance, 636distance adjacent_neighbors_ip_address

wildcard_mask, 620distribute-list, 620, 648, 690, 784–785eigrp log-neighbor changes, 690eigrp no auto-summary, 995encapsulation aal5mux voice, 444encapsulation hdlc, 257encapsulation ppp, 276, 281frame-relay interface dlci, 354frame-relay lmi-type ansi, 353frame-relay map, 350frame-relay priority-dlci-group, 363frame-relay route, 59frame-relay voice bandwidth, 428icanreach, 934, 936inarp, 568interface async, 280interface dialer, 466ip classless, 1053ip domain-lookup, 327ip name-server, 327ip nat inside source, 1054ip nat translation dns-timeout, 1048ip nat translation finrst-timeout, 1048ip nat translation icmp-timeout, 1048ip nat translation port-timeout, 1048ip nat translation syn-timeout, 1048ip nat translation tcp-timeout, 1048ip nat translation timeout, 1048ip ospf dead-interval, 783ip ospf hello-interval, 783ip subnet zero, 1050log adjacency-changes, 782logging buffered, 1047logging synchronous, 464map-class frame-relay vofr command, 428metric weights 0, 648modem-cap edit, 73multilink, 455

commands


1249

neighbor, 619, 647no auto-summary, 617no frame-relay inverse-arp, 363no keepalive, 11ntp authentication, 1101ntp clock-period, 1103ntp master, 1098offset-list, 619, 647, 692overload, 1043passive-interface, 493, 619–621, 632, 647, 692physical-layer async, 9ppp authentication, 281ppp reliable-link, 307priority, 1074redistribute, 620, 648, 691redistribution, 621ROM monitor mode, 42–43router rip, 615router-id, 748set enablepass, 90set spantree portvlancost, 184set spantree portvlanpri, 184set spantree priority, 184set spantree root, 184show access-list, 1004, 1056show bridge, 856show clock, 1105show controller, 17show controllers, 259show dialer, 529show dlsw capabilities, 916–917show dlsw circuits, 915show dlsw peer, 914show dlsw peers, 917–918show dlsw reachability, 24, 914–915show eigrp neighbors, 337, 685–686show flash, 48show frame-relay lmi, 61, 359–360show frame-relay map, 361show frame-relay pvc, 61, 357–359show frame-relay route, 62show interface, 20, 61–62, 258–262, 308show interface bri 0, 527–528show interface serial, 258show ip access-list, 1004show ip eigrp, 686–688show ip nat statistics, 1046show ip nat translations, 1034, 1045–1046

show ip ospf, 780–781show ip ospf database, 777–779show ip ospf interface, 779show ip ospf neighbor, 749show ip ospf neighbors, 776–777show ip protocols, 618, 645, 688show ip route, 308, 618, 645–646, 688, 752,

780, 1016–1017show isdn active, 529show isdn status, 525–527show line, 54–55, 99, 308, 997

performing on access servers, 70–71show log, 782, 1004show npt associations, 1105show ntp associations, 1099, 1106, 1119show ntp status, 1099, 1105show ospf neighbor, 748show processes, 304show session, 56show sntp, 1105–1106show spanning-tree, 856–857show standby, 1076show standby ethernet, 1085show standby interface, 1086show version, 26, 51sntp broadcast client, 1105timers basic, 619, 640, 647trace, 1011, 1016transport input all, 281variance, 649, 714vbr-rt, parameters, 444

comparingCisco voice-capable routers, 421link-state and distance vector routing protocols,

606–608old and new Cisco IOS commands, 50port speed and modem transmission rate, 71SVC and PVC-based ATM, 570

comparison bitsaccess list operation, 992logical OR operator, 993

compatibility between HDLC versions, 254compatibility switch (RIP-2), 614components of ISDN, 453compress command, 303compression, 414–415

CSAs (compression service adapters), 304Lempel-Ziv, 256MPPC, enabling, 320

compression


1250

payload compression, 303PPP, configuring, 303–304STAC, 256TCP header compression, 303

compression stac command, 256conditional default routes, 817configuration BPDUs, 129configuring

access listsguidelines, 990traffic filtering over serial links,

1021–1027access servers, 98–100

reverse Telnet sessions, 53–55analog remote access, 68–74AUX ports for modem hookup, 289backbone routers, 66–67Catalyst switches

boot register, 36–38Ethernet, 148–199

CHAP over synchronous links, 323–330Cisco routers, boot register, 38–39clock rate on serial interfaces, 15DDR

backup interfaces, 509–515call screening, 482callback, 482–487CHAP, 473–480dialer watch, 505–509floating static routes, 494–498LQM, 481–482OSPF demand circuits, 498–505PAP, 470–473PPP Multilink, 487–492snapshot routing, 517–524

dialer interfaces, IP addressing, 291DLSw+, 903–906

advanced options, 919–936lab exercises, 959–985

dynamic access lists, 1005–1009EIGRP, 683–684

lab exercises, 718–737stub routing, 710–712unequal-cost load balancing, 713–714

extended IP access lists, 998–1004precedence values, 1001

floating static routes, 296

Frame Relay, 57–61, 102–106, 349address mapping, 349–350backbone routers, 1144–1146commands, 61–64DLSw, 389–390dynamic address mapping, 354hybrid networks, 352multipoint networks, 370–380point-to-point networks, 370–380route summarization, 633–635routing protocols, 351–352static mapping, 353–354switches, 383–384, 1143–1144

FRTS, 363–365, 382–383queuing mechanisms, 366

HDLC, 256–257DCE-DTE connections, 267–271

HSRP, 1070–1074, 1078–1088authentication, 1075

IGRP, 643–644default routing, 656, 663–664distribute lists, 665redistribution, 654–655unequal-cost load balancing,

649–653, 664IRB, 859–866ISDN, 455

DDR, 457–524hints, 534

modem support. debug commands, 75–78multiport SRB, 873–876named access lists, 1009–1010

filtering even subnets, 1015NAT, 1036

DLSw, 1064–1066dynamic translation, 1037–1040Easy IP, 1041–1044inside networks, 1054Internet access, 1051NAT pools, 1055outside networks, 1054route maps, 1054static mapping, 1060–1066static translation, 1040–1041

NTP, 1093authentication, 1101–1102broadcast client mode, 1094–1095

compression


1251

clients, 1110–1111daylight savings time, 1112IP addresses, 1117–1118master router, 1111–1112peer associations, 1099, 1116, 1119static client mode, 1095–1099time zones, 1102–1103, 1112

OSPF, 759areas, 760–761backup, 800–801default routing, 804–818, 820demand circuits, 800–801multiple area routing, 804–840neighbors, 761–762optional parameters, 763over Frame Relay, 385–387path manipulation, 804–820redistribution, 821–841special area types, 762stub areas, 783summarization, 821–841

PLAR, 447–449PPP

analog backup for synchronous links, 331–341

callback, 311–312compression, 303–304multilink, 305–306on asynchronous interfaces, 278–302on serial interfaces, 276–277over asynchronous dialup, 314–322PAP authentication, 288–289

remote access, 108–113remote SRB, 877–880reverse Telnet sessions, connecting to all

routers in model, 57RFC 2225, 574–575


RFC 2684, 562lab exercises, 582–589PVC implementation, 562–569SVC implementation, 569–574

RIPdefault routing, 625multipoint subinterfaces, 630–631

RIP-1, 615RIP-2, 615–617

route generators, 66–67, 1013SNTP, 1104–1105SRB, 872

example, 881–889static RIF, 891–894

standard IP access lists, 994–998stub routers, 1024Token Ring switching on Catalyst 3920,

208–220transparent bridging, 850–852VoATM, 440–447VoFR

dial peers, 427–428fragmentation, 429map class definition, 428POTS peers, 426voice port verification, 423–426voice ports, 429–432weighted fair queuing, 429

VoIP, 433–440Windows 95/98, NetBEUI, 81–82

CONFREG utilitycorresponding bit positions (16-bit boot

register), 44–45executing, 41–42verifying router support, 43–44

connectivityHDLC DCE-to-DTE, configuring, 267–271ISDN, 455NAT, testing, 1056NTP, testing, 1117

connectors, Voice Network Modules, 419consistent metrics (IGRP), enforcing, 662console port, pinouts, 1209–1210controlling

OSPF route filtering/redistribution, 784–785OSPF routing updates, 785–786

convergencehold-down timer, 612IGRP, 639

convertinganalog signals to digital, 412digital signals to analog, 412

encoding, 413quantization, 413sampling, 413voice-compression, 414–415

converting


1252

copyingIOS images from TFTP server, 49–50startup-config to running-config, 45

cost as metric, 603, 752count to infinity, 605coup message (HSRP), 1071CPE (customer premises equipment), 453creating FRTS map classes, 365, 367CRTP (compressed RTP), 437CS-ACELP (Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code

Excited Linear Predictive), 414CSAs (compression service adapters), 304CSMA/CD, 124CSU/DSUs, loopback plugs

pinouts, 20WAN simulation, 18–20

cut-through switching, 136

D

D (data) channel, ISDN, 452D4 framing format, 417Darth Reid practice lab, 1143–1147

timed portion, 1147–1151data link layer, 1197

sublayers, 273–274data rate metrics, 345daylight savings time, NTP configuration, 1112DCE devices, 58DDR (Dial-on-Demand Routing)

advanced DDR with dialer profiles, 297advanced parameters, configuring, 469–524backup interfaces, configuring, 509–515called routers, 458calling routers, 458CHAP

configuring, 473–480unidirectional authentication, 480

configuring, 457–459on asynchronous interface, 297–302

dialer information, 461–469dialer profiles, 458dialer watch, 505–509floating static routes, 494–498interesting traffic, 460ISDN call screening, configuring, 482

ISDN callback, configuring, 482–487ISDN switch type, configuring, 459–460legacy DDR, 297, 458LQM, configuring, 481–482OSFP demand circuits, configuring, 498–505PAP, configuring, 470–473PPP Multilink, configuring, 487–492snapshot routing, 517–524

DE (discard eligible) bit, 345debug commands

HSRP, 1076ISDN cause code fields, 1182

debug dialer command, 308, 338, 531–532debug dlsw core command, 919debug dlsw reachability command, 918–919debug eigrp packets command, 689debug frame-relay command, evaluating output,

65–66debug frame-relay lmi command, 62, 361–362debug ip igrp transactions command, 646–647, 667debug ip nat command, 1034, 1047debug ip ospf adj command, 750–751, 781debug ip ospf events command, 781debug ip rip command, 613, 619, 623debug isdn command, 1194

cause value field descriptions, 1184–1193debug isdn commands, bearer capability

values, 1193debug isdn events command, 531debug isdn q.921 command, 530debug ntp events command, 1107debug ntp select command, 1107debug ppp authentication command, 308, 533debug ppp negotiation command, 308, 311debug serial interface command, 254–255, 260–261debug standby command, 1077default gateway, HSRP configuration, 1073–1088default metric (IGRP), setting, 648default routing

EIGRP, 708–709IGRP, 656, 663–664OSPF, 794–796

lab exercises, 804–820RIP, 625

default settings, 16-bit boot register, 27–30default-metric command, 620, 648

copying


1253

defininginteresting traffic, 298passive interfaces, 493

delayas metric, 603EIGRP metric, 671, 675–676IGRP metric, 642

delay command, 648, 692delay start signaling, 407DELETED status (PVCs), 348, 358demand circuits, 294

OSPF, configuring, 800–801demand peers (DLSw+), configuring, 924–928deploying PPP, 276design considerations, OSPF, 759–760development

of ISDN, 451of Ethernet, 118

devicesaccess servers, 7, 10

cabling options, 9Cisco 2511 access servers, 7configuring, 53–55, 98–100testing configuration, 100–101

asynchronous, cabling options, 10backbone routers, configuring, 66–67bridges, 846callback servers, 311codecs, 411DCE, 58gaining privileged access, 26modems

analog remote access configuration, 68–74AT command set, 69troubleshooting, 75–78

route generators, 11configuring, 66–67, 1013pinging, 1014–1015tracing, 1014–1015

routersassigning host names, 287boot process, 33–34Cisco 1750, 419Cisco 2600, 419Cisco 3600, 419Cisco 7200, 421Cisco MC3810, 420

modem support, configuring, 68–69nonstub, 606password recovery, 83–88third-party, 266

switchesFrame Relay, configuring, 383–384password recovery, 89–90

dial peersconfiguring, 437VoFR, 427–428

dialer enable-timeout command, 485dialer fast-idle command, 299dialer idle-timeout command, 457dialer in-band command, 292dialer information (DDR), configuring

with dialer maps, 464, 466with dialer strings, 461–463with logical dialer interfaces, 466–469

dialer interface, IP addressing configuration, 291dialer load-threshold command, 300, 306dialer profiles, 458dialer string command, 299dialer watch command, 295dialer watch, DDR configuration, 505–509dialer-group command, 460dialup connections, asynchronous PPP

configuration, 278–302, 314–322DID (direct inward dial) trunks, 400digital signaling, analog conversion process, 411–412

compression, 414–415encoding, 413quantization, 413sampling, 413

Dijkstra algorithm, 742direct encapsulation (SRB), configuring, 879disabled state (STP), 131, 849disabling

CDP on interfaces, 294split horizon, 351, 641

DISL (Dynamic ISL), 145–146display factory diagnostics setting (16-bit boot

register), 33displaying

access lists, 1004–1005Frame Relay address mappings, 361Frame Relay LMI statistics, 359–360Frame Relay PVC statistics, 357–359

displaying


1254

IGRP routing table, 645–646IGRP routing update information, 646–647LMI exchanges, 361–362OSPF adjacency status, 749SNTP status, 1104SRB operational status, 880–881startup configuration, 45transparent bridging operational status, 856

distance, 648distance adjacent_neighbors_ip_address

wildcard_mask command, 620distance command, 636, 648distance vector routing protocols, 604

. See also

hybrid protocols

characteristics, 605IGRP, 639

configuring, 643–644default routing, 656, 663–664distribute list configuration, 665metrics, 642–643redistribution, 654–655route types, 641routing table, displaying, 645–646technical overview, 640–641timers, 640unequal-cost load balancing, 649–653updates, verifying, 667

operation, 604RIP

classful routing, 612–613classless routing (RIP-2), 614configuring, 615–617debug ip rip commands, 619default routing, 625hop count, 612initialization, 611messages, 612routing updates, 612show commands, 617–619summarization, 623

routing loops, preventing, 623versus link-state, 606–608

distribute lists, 647IGRP, configuring, 665

distribute-list command, 620, 648, 690, 784–785DLCIs (data-link connection identifiers), 58, 343

DLSw+ (Data Link Switching Plus), 894address format, 903advanced configuration, 919–924, 927–936configuring, 903–906example configuration, 906–913features, 895lab exercises, 959–985NAT translation, configuring, 1064–1066over Frame Relay, configuring, 389–390technical overview, 896– 902

DOD (direct outward dial) trunks, 400"don’t care bit", 991Down neighbor state (OSPF), 749down state (HSRP), 1069downloading Cisco IOS Software, 49DRAM (dynamic RAM), lab requirements, 23DRs (designated routers), OSPF, 745DS0 (digital signal level 0) channels, 411, 416DS1, 416DSI (digital speech interpolation), 416DTMF signaling, 396DTP (Dynamic Trunking Protocol), 145–147DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm), 680–681duplex Ethernet mode, 128during-login argument (autoselect command), 281dynamic access lists

configuring, 1005–1009testing configuration, 1008timers, configuring, 1007traffic filtering over serial links, 1021–1027

dynamic address mapping, Frame Relay configuration, 354

dynamic peers (DLSw+), configuring, 932dynamic PVCs, RFC 2468 implementation,

568–569dynamic translation (NAT), 1034–1035

configuring, 1037–1040

E

E&M signaling, 404–406Voice Network Module, 419

E1, 417

displaying


1255

Easy IPconfiguring, 1041–1042, 1044dialer configuration, 1044

echo, 409echo cancellation, 409–411echo suppression, 409–411EIA/TIA-232 serial cable pinouts, 1212–1214EIA/TIA-449 serial cable pinouts, 1215–1217EIA-530 serial cable pinouts, 1211–1212EIGRP (Enhanced IGRP), 671–672

ASs, 683bandwidth metric, 671CM (composite metric), 672–674configuring, 683–684default routing, 708–709delay metric, 671, 675–676DUAL, 680–681equal-cost load balancing, 675feasible distance, 671feasible successors, 680INIT bit, 677lab exercises, 718–737metrics, 671–672neighbor establishment, 677–679neighbor table, 680neighbors, 677packet types, 679–680protocol-dependent modules, 681redistributing into RIP, 631–633redistribution, 691–697reliability metric, 671route control, applying, 698–699route table, 680RTP, 679–680split horizon, 681stub routing, 710–712summarization

autosummarization, 702–705manual summarization, 705–707SIA routes, 700

technical overview, 670topology table, 680unequal-cost load balancing, configuring,

713–714updates, tuning, 690

eigrp log-neighbor changes command, 690eigrp no auto-summary command, 995

election processOSPF DRs/BDRs, 746root bridges, 131, 849

Enable mode, entering, 45enabling

break key, 32ILMI connectivity, 443LQM on interfaces, 307, 325transparent bridging, 853, 855VoFR fragmentation, 429

encapsulation.

See also

multiprotocol encapsulationFrame Relay interfaces, configuring, 349HDLC, 256–257IEEE 802.1q, 143ISDN, 455ISL, 143SRB, 878

encapsulation aal5mux voice command, 444encapsulation hdlc command, 257encapsulation ppp command, 276, 281The Enchilada practice lab, 1161

prestaging, 1161–1162timed portion, 1164, 1166–1168

encoding, 413enforcing IGRP metric consistency, 662entering Enable mode, 45equal-cost load balancing, 675equipment, lab requirements, 22–23error correction, overengineered protocols, 346ESF (Extended Superframe Format), 417ESI (end station identifier), 570establishing

EIGRP neighbors, 677–679neighbors (OSPF), 761–762OSPF areas, 760–762OSPF route table, 743

Ethernetautonegotiation, 128bandwidth, Twinkie theory, 117cable assembly, 1222–1223canonical address format, 203crossover cable, modeling LANs, 13CSMA/CD, 124Fast Ethernet, 125full-duplex, 124

Ethernet


1256

Gigabit Ethernet, 1251000Base-CX, 1271000Base-LX, 1271000Base-SX, 1261000Base-T, 127

half-duplex, 124history of, 118IEEE 802.3, specifications, 118–122LLC (Logical Link Control) layer, 123MAC layer, 123operation, 123specifications, 123STP, 128

Blocking state, 133Disabled state, 131Forwarding state, 133Learning state, 133Listening state, 131operation, 129–130path costs, 130PVST, 135timers, 134

switchedbroadcast domains, 136collision domains, 136configuring Catalyst switches, 148–199trunking protocols, 140–147VLANs, 138VTP, 140–143

switching, 135–136transparent bridging, 846

MAX Age timer, 847STP, 849–850

evaluatingdebug frame-relay command output, 65–66show frame-relay command output, 63–64

evolution of Ethernet, 118example configuration

DLSw+, 906–913SRB, 881–889

Exchange neighbor state (OSPF), 749executing CONFREG utility, 41–42expiration timer, RIP, 612explicit acknowledgments, 756ExStart neighbor state (OSPF), 749

extended IP access listsconfiguring, 998–1004precedence values, setting, 1001Protocol field values, 998–999supported TCP port numbers, 999–1000supported UDP port numbers, 1000–1001syntax, 998

exterior routes (IGRP), 641external Type 1 paths (OSPF), 758external Type 2 paths (OSPF), 758

F

fast boot/force boot setting (16-bit boot register), 31Fast Ethernet, 125feasible distance, 671feasible successors, EIGRP, 680FECN (forward explicit congestion

notification), 365fields, HDLC frames, 254filtering traffic

access listsapplying to interfaces, 997extended IP, 998–1004operation of, 989–990standard, 994–995

IGRP routing updates, 647logical AND, 993logical OR, 993over serial links, 1021–1027routing protocols, 1025

Flash memoryavailable memory, displaying, 47lab requirements, 23

Flash updates, IGRP, 639–640floating static routes, 295–296, 493

DDR configuration, 494–498flow control, DLSw+, 902FLP (Fast Link Pulse), 128flush timer

IGRP, 640RIP, 612

forcing interfaces into standby mode, 333RIDs, 748

Ethernet


1257

foreign exchange trunks, 399forward delay timer (STP), 134forwarding routable protocols, 601–602Forwarding state (STP), 131–133, 850forwarding table, EIGRP, 680fragmentation (VoFR), enabling, 429Frame Relay.

See also

VoFRaddress mappings

configuring, 349–350displaying, 361

configuring, 349data rate metrics, 345DLCIs, 343DLSw, configuring, 389–390dynamic address mapping configuration, 354encapsulation type, configuring, 349hybrid networks, configuring, 352IP RTP priority, 437LMI, 344–348

statistics, displaying, 359–360local access rate, 344map classes, creating, 365–367multipoint networks, configuring, 370–380NNI, 344OSPF

configuring, 385–387multiple area types, configuring, 763–775

point-to-point networks, configuring, 370–380PVCs, 343

modes, 348statistics, displaying, 357–359

routing protocol configuration, 351–352serial interface configuration, 354SRB encapsulation, 879static mapping configuration, 353–354summarization, configuring, 633–635switch configuration, 383–384switching, 57– 61

commands, 61–64configuring, 102–106testing configuration, 105–106

verifying operation, 357frame-relay interface-dlci command, 354frame-relay lmi-type ansi command, 353frame-relay map command, 350

frame-relay priority-dlci-group command, 363frame-relay route command, 59frame-relay voice bandwidth command, 428frames

collisions, 124HDLC fields, 254

framework of internetwork modeling, building, 2516-bit boot register, 26–48

framing formats, T1, 417FRF (Frame Relay Forum) web site, 346FRTS (Frame Relay Traffic Shaping)

applying to serial interfaces, 388configuring, 363–365, 382–383queuing mechanisms, configuring, 366tokens, 365verifying configuration, 368–369

FST encapsulation (SRB), configuring, 879FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

NAT translation, troubleshooting, 1057–1059nonstandard port numbers, 1050

Full neighbor state (OSPF), 749full-duplex Token Ring, 204FXO (foreign exchange office), 399

Voice Network Module, 419FXS (foreign exchange station), 399

Voice Network Module, 419

G

GBICs, 126Gigastack GBIC, 128

GFC (Generic Flow Control) field, ATM cell header, 556

Gigabit Ethernet, 1251000Base-CX, 1271000Base-LX, 1271000Base-SX, 1261000Base-T, 127

Gigastack GBIC, 128glare, 402ground start signaling, 402guidelines for access list configuration, 990

guidelines for access list configuration


1258

H

H channel (ISDN), 452half-duplex Ethernet, 124half-duplex Token Ring, 204handset, 394

off-hook signaling, 395hardware, lab requirements, 22–23hash, 282HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control), 254, 273

compatibility between versions, 254configuring, 256–257DCE-DTE connections, configuring, 267–271interfaces, show interface command operational

status output, 258keepalives, 254–255links

debug output (operational state), 255troubleshooting, 261, 263, 265

serial controllers, retrieving physical layer status, 259

header compression, IP RTP, 437header fields, ATM cells, 556HEC (Header Error Check) field, ATM cell

header, 556hello message (HSRP), 1071hello packets, EIGRP, 677–680hello protocol (OSPF), 743–744hello timer (STP), 134high-speed console bit setting

(16-bit boot register), 31hints for ISDN configuration, 534history of Ethernet, 118hold-down timer

IGRP, 640RIP, 612

hop count, 603, 612host names, assigning to routers, 287hot standby address, 1069

HSRP (Hot Standby Routing Protocol), 1069authentication, configuring, 1075configuring, 1070–1088debug commands, 1076down state, 1069hot standby address, 1069messages, 1071show commands, 1076testing configuration, 1086tracking on serial interfaces, 1073verifying operation of, 1074virtual address, 1069

hubs, LAN modeling, 11hybrid coders, 413hybrid Frame Relay networks, configuring, 352

hybrid protocols, EIGRPautosummarization, 702–705bandwidth metric, 671CM, calculating, 672–674configuring, 683–684default routing, 708–709delay metric, 671, 675–676DUAL, 680–681equal-cost load balancing, 675INIT bit, 677lab exercises, 718–737manual summarization, 705–707metrics, 671–672neighbor establishment, 677–679protocol-dependent modules, 681redistribution, 691–697reliability metric, 671route control, 698–699RTP, 679–680split horizon, 681stub routing, 710, 712summarization, 700technical overview, 670unequal-cost load balancing, 713–714

H channel (ISDN)


1259

I

icanreach command, 934, 936IEEE 802.1d (Spanning Tree Protocol), 128

Blocking state, 133Disabled state, 131Forwarding state, 133Learning state, 133Listening state, 131operation, 129–130timers, 134

IEEE 802.10 trunking encapsulation, 145IEEE 802.3

CSMA/CD, 124Ethernet switching, 135–136specifications, 118–123switched Ethernet, broadcast domains, 136

Catalyst switch configuration, 148–199collision domains, 136trunking protocols, 140–147VLANs, 138VTP, 140–143

IEEE 802.3 subcommittee, 118IEEE 802.3µ (Fast Ethernet), 125

FLP (Fast Link Pulse), 128IEEE 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet), 125

1000Base-CX, 1271000Base-LX, 1271000Base-SX, 1261000Base-T, 127

IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring)operation, 200–202switching, 203technical overview, 200TrBRF, 204–206TrCRF, 204–206

IFG (interframe gap), 124ignore NVRAM bit setting (16-bit boot register), 32IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), 639

broadcasts, limiting on Ethernet segments,665–667

configuring, 643–644default routing, 656

configuring, 663–664distribute lists, configuring, 665flash updates, 639metrics, 642–643

default setting, 648forcing consistency, 662

redistribution, 654–655route types, 641router connectivity, verifying, 662routing table, displaying, 645–646routing updates, filtering, 647split horizon, 640technical overview, 640–641timers, 640

tuning, 647unequal-cost load balancing, 649–653

configuring, 664update timer, 640updates, verifying, 667

ILMI (Integrated Local Management Interface), 568VoATM connectivity, 443–444

images, copying from TFTP server, 49–50immediate start signaling, 408implicit acknowledgments, 756implicit deny, 990INACTIVE status (PVCs), 348, 358inarp command, 568InATMARP, 575INIT bit, 677Init neighbor state (OSPF), 749initialization, RIP, 611inside global addresses, 1032

NAT translation, 1034inside local addresses, 1032integrating IGRP and EIGRP, 654–655interarea paths (OSPF), 758interesting traffic, 457

defining, 298specifying, 460

interface async command, 280interface dialer command, 466interfaces

applying access lists, 997asynchronous, DDR configuration, 316–317backup, 510BRI, applying extended IP access lists, 1003CDP, disabling, 294clock rate, configuring, 15forcing into standby mode, 333Frame Relay, configuring encapsulation

type, 349GBICs, 126HDLC, operational status output, 258IGRP, disabling split horizon, 641

interfaces


1260

ISDN, 452–453backup mode, 516–517NT-1, 454S/T, 453

passive, ISDN configuration, 493snapshot routing, 294split horizon, 351, 640Token Ring pinout, 1223

interior routes (IGRP), 641intermediate switches, 399internal routers, 754Internet WAN connections, simulating, 14internetworks

LANs, modeling, 10–13modeling

building framework, 25–48test procedures, 24–25

WANsmodeling, 14–18modeling with switch-configured routers,

21–22simulating with loopback plugs on CSU/

DSUs, 18–20interrupting switch/router operations

Abort at message, 42break key combinations, 40–41

intra-area paths (OSPF), 757invalid timer

RIP, 612IGRP, 640

Inverse ARP, Frame Relay address mappings, 350IP access groups, 997ip classless command, 1053ip domain-lookup command, 327ip name-server command, 327ip nat inside source command, 1054ip nat translation dns-timeout command, 1048ip nat translation finrst-timeout command, 1048ip nat translation icmp-timeout command, 1048ip nat translation port-timeout command, 1048ip nat translation syn-timeout command, 1048ip nat translation tcp-timeout command, 1048ip nat translation timeout command, 1048ip ospf dead-interval command, 783ip ospf hell-interval command, 783IP precedence, 437

IP RTP header compression, 437ip subnet zero command, 1050IRB (integrated routing and bridging), 858–859

configuring, 859–866ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 451

B (bearer) channel, 452BRI, 452

applying extended IP access lists, 1003categories of, 452configuring, 455

hints, 534connectivity, 455CPE, 453DDR

backup interfaces, 509–512, 514–515call screening, 482callback, 482–487CHAP configuration, 473, 475–480configuring, 457–524dialer profiles, 458dialer watch, 505–509floating static routes, 494–498LQM configuration, 481–482OSPF demand circuits, 498–505PAP configuration, 470–473PPP Multilink, 487–492snapshot routing, 517–524

debug command cause code fields, 1182development, 451encapsulation, 455interesting traffic, 457interfaces, 452–453

backup mode, 516–517lab exercises, 536–553NT-1 interface, 454PRI, 453reference points, 453S/T interface, 453SPID values, 456–457switch types, 456, 1181–1182

ISL (Inter-Switch Link), 143ITU (International Telecommunications Union), 451

CELP standards, 415ISDN protocol categories, 452

ITU-T, 1181

interfaces


1261

K

keepalivesHDLC, 254–255LMI, 347

key combinations, interrupting switch/router operations, 40–41

keywords, broadcast (frame-relay map command), 350

L

lab exercisesATM, required equipment, 557–561Classical IP configuration, SVC

implementation, 590–596DLSw+, 959–985EIGRP, configuring, 718–737hardware/software requirements, 22–23ISDN, 536–553LSAP filtering, 941–958RFC 2684 configuration, 582–589RSRB, 941–958solutions to, web site, 1134STP root placement, 222–238switched Ethernet, 222–238Token Ring switching, 240–249transparent bridging, 941–958VLAN trunking, 222–238

LANsEthernet

autonegotiation, 128CSMA/CD, 124full-duplex, 124half-duplex, 124history of, 118operation, 123specifications, 123STP, 128–130switching, 135–136

modeling, 10with Ethernet crossover cable, 13with hubs and MAUs, 11with switches, 11

simulatingwith backbone routers, 11, 13with route generators, 11, 13

Token Ringoperation, 200, 202technical overview, 200

last mile, 397layers of OSI reference model, 1197LCP (Link Control Protocol), 273–274

phases of operation, 275LD-CELP (Low Delay Code Excited Linear

Predictive), 414LDN (local directory number), 460Learning state (STP), 131–133, 850Learning STP state, 133legacy DDR (dial-on-demand routing), 297, 458Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm, 256, 303limitations of NAT, Subnet 0 rule, 1050limiting IGRP broadcasts on Ethernet segments,

665–667line numbers, reverse Telnet configuration, 56link establishment phase (LCP), 275link failures, STP, 135link termination phase (LCP), 275link-quality determination phase (LCP), 275links

bundling, 305–306HDLC

debug output (operational state), 255physical layer, troubleshooting, 259–260troubleshooting, 261–265

synchronousCHAP, configuring, 323–330configuring PPP analog backup, 331–341

link-state databases, 606, 742link-state protocols, 606

operation, 606OSPF, 741

acknowledgments, 756adjacencies, 748–751adjacencies, criteria, 744areas, 753–754

link-state protocols


1262

areas, establishing, 760–761authentication, 797–800backup configuration, 800–801BDRs, 745–746broadcast networks, 745configuring, 759configuring over Frame Relay, 385, 387cost metric, 752default routing, 794–796default routing, lab exercises, 804–820demand circuits, 294, 800–801DRs, 745flooding reduction, 783hello protocol, 743–744link-state database, 742LSAs, 742, 755multiple area routing, lab exercises,

804–840multiple areas, configuring over Frame

Relay, 763–775NBMA networks, 745neighbors, configuring, 761–762opaque LSAs, 756optional parameters, configuring, 763path manipulation, lab exercises, 804–820path types, 757–759point-to-multipoint networks, 745point-to-point networks, 744redistribution, example, 786–789redistribution, lab exercises, 821–841RIDs, 747route filtering, controlling, 784–785route filtering, example, 786–789route table establishment, 743router types, 754RouterDeadInterval, 744routing updates, controlling, 785–786special area types, configuring, 762SPF tree, 752stub areas, configuring, 783summarization, 790–794summarization, lab exercises, 821–841technical overview, 742tuning, 783versus distance vector protocols, 606–608,

741–742virtual links, 745, 801–802

listener echo, 409Listening state (STP), 131, 849LLC (Logical Link Control) layer, 123LLC2 capture entity, 904LMIs (Local Management Interfaces), 58, 344–348

ANSI, 344autosense, 347Cisco, 344keepalives, 347Q933a, 344statistics, displaying, 359–360

load metric, 603EIGRP, 671IGRP, 643

load balancing.

See

unequal-cost load balancingLoading neighbor state (OSPF), 749load-sharing groups, 649local access rate, 344local acknowledgment, TCP LLC2, 890local loops, 397

two-to-four wire conversion, 408lock-and-key security, 1005log adjacency-changes command, 782logging buffered command, 1047logging synchronous command, 464logical AND, 993logical dialer information, dialer information

configuration, 466–469logical OR, 993longest match lookup, 602loop prevention, STP, 129–130

Blocking state, 133Disabled state, 131Forwarding state, 133Learning state, 133Listening state, 131timers, 134

loop start signaling, 400loopback addresses, 509

reverse Telnet sessions, configuring, 55loopback interfaces, configuring route generators, 66loopback plugs

pinouts, 20WAN simulation, 18–20

lossless compression algorithms, 303

link-state protocols


1263

LQM (Link Quality Monitoring), 307configuring, 481–482enabling, 307enabling on interface, 325

LQRs (Link Quality Reports), 307, 481–482LSAP filtering, lab exercises, 941–958LSAs (link-state advertisements), 606, 742, 755

opaque, 756

M

MAC layer, 123maintaining reachablity during redistribution, 624make segment (pulse signaling), 395manipulating Flash devices, 48manual summarization, EIGRP routes, 705–707map class configuration mode, FRTS

configuration, 366map classes (FRTS), creating, 365, 367map-class frame-relay vofr command, 428map-groups, 565map-lists, 565master router, NTP configuration, 1111–1112MAUs, LAN modeling, 11max age timer (STP), 134, 847MaxR (maximum data rate), 345MD5 (Message Digest 5) hash generator, 282measuring voice quality, MOS, 416memory

Flash, displaying available memory, 47lab requirements, 24

messagesHSRP, 1070–1071RIP, 612–614VTP, 140–141

metric weights 0 command, 648metrics, 602–603, 671–672

data rate, 345EIGRP

bandwidth, 671CM, 672delay, 671, 675–676feasible distance, 671reliability, 671

hop count (RIP), 612

IGRP, 639, 642–643enforcing consistency, 662unequal-cost load balancing, configuring,

649–653OSPF, cost, 752unequal-cost load balancing, configuring, 664

Microsoft Windows.

See

Windows 95/98migration strategies, IGRP to EIGRP, 654–655MinCIR (minimum committed information

rate), 365mismatched LMIs, displaying, 361–362mnemonics, memorization techniques, 22modeling

internetworks, test procedures, 24–25LANs, 10

with Ethernet crossover cable, 13with hubs and MAUs, 11with switches, 11

versus simulating, 11WANs, 14

with back-to-back routers, 15–18with switch-configured routers, 21–22

modem-cap edit command, 73modems

analog remote access configuration, 68–74, 108–113

AT command set, 69debug commands, 75–78initialization settings, configuring with chat

scripts, 72–75transmission rate, comparing to port speed, 71

modes of asynchronous operation, 280modifying absolute line number, 56monitoring PPP link quality, 307MOS (mean opinion score), 416MPPC (Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression), 303

enabling, 320MST (Mono Spanning Tree), 143MTU (maximum transmission unit), 643

EIGRP metric, 671multilink command, 455multiple area routing (OSPF), lab exercises,

804–840multipoint networks, Frame Relay configuration,

370–380multipoint subinterfaces, configuring, 630–631

multipoint subinterfaces, configuring


1264

multiport SRB, configuring, 873–876multiprotocol encapsulation, RFC 2684

configuration, 562PVC implementation, 562–565, 567–569SVC implementation, 569–574

mutual redistribution, 621

N

named access listsallowing odd subnets, 1015configuring, 1009–1010example, 1024

naming conventionaccess lists, 1007IEEE 802.3, 118

NAT (Network Address Translation)address pools, configuring, 1037, 1055changing translations, 1048clearing translations, 1048configuring, 1036debug commands, 1047DLSw translation, configuring, 1064–1066dynamic translation, 1034–1035

configuring, 1037–1040Easy IP, configuring, 1041–1044FTP, debugging improper translation,

1057–1059inside global addresses, 1032–1034inside local addresses, 1032inside networks, configuring, 1054Internet access, configuring, 1051NAT pools, configuring, 1055nonstandard FTP port numbers, 1050outside global addresses, 1032outside local addresses, 1032outside networks, configuring, 1054private IP addresses, 1035–1036processing

packets from inside network, 1032packets from outside network, 1033

route maps, configuring, 1054show commands, 1045–1046static translation, configuring, 1040–1041,

1060–1066

Subnet 0 rule, 1050supported traffic types, 1048–1049testing configuration, 1046, 1056

NBMA networks, OSPF, 745NCP (Network Control Protocol), 273–274neighbor command, 619, 647neighbor table, EIGRP, 680neighbors, 605–606

EIGRP, 677–679OSPF, establishing, 761–762

NetBEUI, 81, 845Windows 95/98 configuration, 81–82

netboot broadcast bit setting (16-bit boot register), 32

netboot failure response setting (16-bit boot register), 33

network layer, 1197network layer protocol phase (LCP), 275Network LSAs, 755network routes (IGRP), 641N-ISDN (Narrowband ISDN), 451NNI (Network-to-Network Interface), 58, 344no auto-summary command, 617no frame-relay inverse-arp command, 363no keepalive command, 11nonbackbone, nonstub areas, 753noncanonical address format, 203nonroutable protocols, transporting

applying access lists in bridged environments, 940

DLSw+, 894address format, 903advanced configuration, 919– 936capabilities exchange, 899, 902circuit establishment, 899configuring, 903–906example configuration, 906–913features, 895flow control, 902lab exercises, 959–985technical overview, 896–98

filtering MAC addresses, 939NetBIOS names addresses, 939SAPs, 937–938

IRB, 858–859configuring, 859–866

multiport SRB, configuring


1265

SNA, 845SRB, 867–868

configuring, 872example configuration, 881–889multiport, configuring, 873–876operational status, displaying, 880–881remote, configuring, 877–880RIF field, 868–871RSRB TCP LLC2 local-ack, 890setting largest frame size, 891static RIF configuration, 891–894STP explorer configuration, 891

transparent bridging, 846configuring, 850–852enabling, 853–855MAX Age timer, 847STP, 849–850verifying operation, 858

nonstandard FTP port numbers, 1050nonstub routers, 606NSSA external LSA, 755NSSA Type 1 paths (OSPF), 758NSSA type 2 paths (OSPF), 758NSSAs (not-so-stubby areas), 754NT1 (Network Termination 1), 453–454NT2 (Network Termination 2), 453NTP (Network Time Protocol)

authentication, configuring, 1101–1102broadcast client mode, configuring, 1094–1095clients, configuring, 1110–1111configuring, 1093connectivity, testing, 1117daylight savings time, configuring, 1112debug commands, 1107–1108IP addresses, configuring, 1117–1118master router, configuring, 1111–1112peer associations, configuring, 1099, 1116,

1119show commands, 1105–1106static client mode, configuring, 1095–1099time zones, configuring, 1102–1103, 1112version 3, 1093

ntp authentication command, 1101ntp clock-period command, 1103ntp master command, 1098Nyquist's Theorem, 412

O

octal cable, 7odd subnets, filtering with named access lists, 1015OEM bit setting (16-bit boot register), 32off-hook signaling, 395offset-list command, 619, 647, 692one-day CCIE exam, 1126

preparing for, 1126–1127recommended resources, 1127–1133timed portion, 1138–1142

on-hook signaling, 394opaque link states, 756open routing protocols, 741opening reverse Telnet sessions, 111operation

of distance vector routing protocols, 604of LCP, 275of link-state routing protocols, 606of PPP, 282

OSI reference modeldata link layer

sublayers, 273–274layers, 1197physical layer, retrieving status from serial

controllers, 259OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

acknowledgments, 756adjacencies, 748–751

criteria, 744areas, 753–754

configuring, 760–761authentication, 797

Type 1, 797–800Type 2, 798–800

backup, configuring, 800–801BDRs (backup designated routers), 745–746broadcast networks, 745configuring, 759cost metric, 752default routing, 794–796

lab exercises, 804–820demand circuits, 294, 498–501, 503–505

configuring, 800–801design considerations, 759–760DRs (designated routers), 745flooding reduction, 783

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)


1266

hello protocol, 743–744link-state database, 742LSAs, 742, 755

opaque, 756multiple area routing, lab exercises, 804–840NBMA networks, 745neighbors, configuring, 761–762optional parameters, configuring, 763over Frame Relay

configuring, 385–387configuring multiple area types, 763–775

path manipulation, lab exercises, 804–820path types, 757–759point-to-multipoint networks, 745point-to-point networks, 744redistribution

example, 786–789into RIP, 624lab exercises, 821–841

RIDs (router IDs), 747route filtering

controlling, 784–785example, 786–789

route table, building, 743router types, 754RouterDeadInterval, 744routing updates, controlling, 785–786special area types, configuring, 762SPF tree, 752stub areas, configuring, 783stub routers, configuring, 1024summarization, 790–791, 794

lab exercises, 821–841technical overview, 742tuning, 783versus distance vector protocols, 741–742virtual links, 745, 801–802

out-of-band management, access servers, 7output, evalulating

debug frame-relay command, 65–66show frame-relay command, 63–64

outside global addresses, 1032outside local addresses, 1032overengineered protocols, 346overload command, 1043

P

packet filteringaccess lists, 989–990

applying to interfaces, 997logical AND, 993logical OR, 993standard access lists, 994–995

packetsEIGRP, 679–680path determination, 601–602

PAM (pulse amplitude modulation), 412PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), 275

configuring over asynchronous interface, 316parameters

atm pvc command, 566–567vbr-rt command, 444

PARC (Palo Alto Research Center)development of Ethernet, 118

passive interfaces, defining, 493passive-interface command, 493, 619–621, 632,

647, 692passwords

authenticationPPP CHAP, 283PPP PAP, 288–289

recoveringon Catalyst switches, 46–48, 89–90on routers, 45–46, 83–88

PAT (Port Address Translation), configuring, 1041–1042, 1044

patch panels (V.35), 19path costs, 130path determination, 601–602

administrative distance, 296, 603–604longest match lookup, 602metrics, 602–603

path manipulation (OSPF), lab exercises, 804–820path types, OSPF, 757–759payload compression, 256, 303PBX switches, 399

E&M signaling, 403–404PCM (pulse code modulation), 413–415peer associations, NTP configuration, 1099,

1116, 1119peer groups (DLSw+), configuring, 924, 927–928performance tuning, OSPFs, 783

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)


1267

Perlman, Radia, 128phone handset, 394physical layer, 1197

PPP session functionality, testing, 317physical-layer async command, 9pinouts

AUI cables, 1222–1223auxiliary port, 1209–1210console port, 1209–1210EIA-232 serial cable, 1212–1214EIA-449 serial cable, 1215–1217EIA-530, 1211–1212RJ-45 adapters, 1227RJ-45 breakout cable, 1224–1226RJ-45 T1 loopback plugs, 20RJ-45-to-DB-25 adapters, 9–10Token Ring interface port, 1223V.35 serial cable, 1218–1220X.21 serial cable, 1221–1222

planning Cisco IOS Software upgrade, 48, 50–51, 53PLAR (private line automatic ring down), 447–449PNNI (Private Network-to-Network Interface), 556point-to-multipoint networks, OSPF, 745point-to-point networks

Frame Relay configuration, 370–380OSPF, 744

poison reverse, 605port lists (DLSw+), configuring, 929–932port speed, comparing to modem transmission

rate, 71PortFast state (STP), 131ports, applying access lists, 996POTS peers, VoFR configuration, 426PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 455

analog backup for synchronous links, configuring, 331–341

asynchronous interface configurationconfiguring addressing schemas, 291–296configuring DDR on interface, 297–302defining PPP on interface, 280–283,

286–91modem setup, 278–280

callback, configuring, 311–312CHAP, configuring over synchronous links,

323–330compression, configuring, 303–304configuring over asynchronous dialup, 314–322debug commands, 308–311

LCP (Link Control Protocol), 274phases of operation, 275

links, monitoring, 307multilink

configuring, 305–306ISDN configuration, 487–492verifying functionality of, 306

NCP (Network Control Protocol), 274operation, 282PAP authentication, configuring, 288–289physical layer, testing, 317RFCs, 274serial interface configuration, 276–277show commands, 308–311sublayers, 274troubleshooting, debug commands,

317–322ppp authentication command, 281ppp reliable-link command, 307practice labs

Darth Reid, 1143–1147timed portion, 1147–1151

Skynet, 1135prestaging, 1135, 1137

The Enchilada, 1161prestaging, 1161–1162timed portion, 1164–1168

The Lab, The Bad, The Uglyprestaging, 1153–1154timed portion, 1156–1160

The Unnamed Lab, 1169prestaging, 1169–1172timed portion, 1173–1177

precedence values, configuring on extended IP access lists, 1001

predictor compression, 303preparing for CCIE one-day exam, 1126–1127


presentation layer, 1197prestaging

Frame Relay backbone router configuration, 1144–1146

Frame Relay switch configuration, 1143–1144Skynet practice lab, 1135–1137The Enchilada practice lab, 1161–1162

prestaging


1268

The Lab, The Bad, The Ugly practice lab, 1153–1154

The Unnamed Lab practice lab, 1169–1172preventing routing loops, 623PRI (Primary Rate Interface), 453primary interfaces (HSRP), configuring, 1073–1076priority command, 1074private IP addresses, 1035–1036private-line trunks, 399privileged access, gaining to devices, 26progress description field values (debug isdn

command), 1194promiscuous peers, DLSw+ configuration, 919–920protocol-dependent modules, 681PT (Payload Type) field, ATM cell headers, 556pulse address signaling, 395PVCs (permanent virtual circuits), 58, 343

ATM networks, implementing, 562dynamic PVCs, 568–569static PVCs, 563–567

Classical IP implementation, 575–577modes, 348RFC 2684, configuring on Cisco 7xxx routers,

582–589statistics, displaying, 357–359

PVST (Per VLAN Spanning Tree), 135

Q

Q933a LMIs, 58, 344quality of PPP links, monitoring, 307quantization, 413queries (EIGRP), 679–680queuing mechanisms, FRTS configuration, 366

R

R reference point, 453receive control switch (RIP-2), 614receive messages (RIP), 612recovering passwords

on Catalyst switches, 46–48, 89–90on routers, 45–46, 83–88

redistribute command, 620, 648, 691

redistributionIGRP, 654–655OSPF

controlling, 784–785example, 786–789lab exercises, 821–841

redistribution command, 621reducing OSPF floods, 783redundancy, DLSw+ backup configuration,

920–923re-establishing Telnet connections, 56reference points, 453relative line numbers, 56reliability

as metric, 603EIGRP metric, 671IGRP metric, 642

remote accessanalog, configuring, 68–74configuring, 108, 110–113DDR

advanced DDR with dialer profiles, 297configuring on asynchronous interface,

297–302legacy DDR, 297

remote SRBconfiguring, 877–880encapsulation types, 878

replies, EIGRP, 679–680requirements

available memory, verifying, 51for ATM lab exercises, 557–558, 560–561labs, 22–23

reserved bit setting (16-bit boot register), 32resign message (HSRP), 1071resolving EIGRP SIA routes, 700response messages (RIP), 612restoring configuration from TFTP, 91–96reverse Telnet sessions, 7, 54

absolute line number, clearing, 56configuring, 53–55connecting to all routers in model, 57opening, 111suspending, 56

RFC 1661, 273RFC 1918,1035–1036

prestaging


1269

RFC 2225configuring, 574–575PVC implementation, 575–577SVC implementation, 577–581

lab exercises, 590–596RFC 2684

configuring, 562lab exercises, 582–589


RFCs (Requests for Comments), 1199–1206RIDs (router IDs), 747RIF (routing informtion field), 867–871

static configuration, 891–894ring lists (DLSw+), configuring, 929–930, 932ringer, 394ringing, 395RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

classful routing, 612–613configuring, 615–617debug ip rip command, 619default routing, 625hop count, 612initialization, 611multipoint subinterfaces, configuring, 630–631receive messages, 612response messages, 612routing updates, 612show commands, 617–619summarization, 623timers, 612

RIP-2backward compatibility with RIP-1, 614classless routing, 614

RJ-45 adapter pinout, 1227RJ-45 breakout cable pinout, 1224–1226RJ-45 ports (Cisco 2511 access server), 7RJ-45-to-DB-25 adapter pinouts, 9–10robbed-bit signaling, 417ROM monitor mode

commands, 42–43CONFREG utility, executing, 41–42entering, 40–41indicators, 42

root bridges, 129election process, 131, 849

routable protocols, forwarding, 601–602route control, EIGRP, 698–699

route filteringextended IP access lists, configuring, 998–1004OSPF

controlling, 784–785example, 786–789

route generatorsconfiguring, 66–67, 1013LANs, simulating, 11–13pinging, 1014–1015tracing, 1014–1015

route invalidation timers, 605route maps, configuring for NAT translation, 1054route tables, 600–601

EIGRP, 680longest match lookup, 602OSPF, establishing, 743

Router LSAs, 755router on a stick, 138router rip command, 615RouterDeadInterval (OSPF), 744router-id command, 748routers

AUX port, modem configuration, 289back-to-back WANs, modeling, 14–18BDRs, 745–746boot process, 33–34boot register, configuring, 38–39Cisco 1750, 419Cisco 2600, 419Cisco 3600, 419Cisco 7200, 421Cisco MC3810, 420Cisco voice-capable, comparing, 421configuring

as Frame Relay switch, 57–59, 61with access servers, 7, 10

CONFREG utility, verifying support for, 43–44DDR, 297DRs, 745host names, assigning, 287modems

configuration, 68–69, 108–113debug commands, 75–78

nonstub, 606password recovery, 45–46, 83–88switch-configured, WAN modeling, 21–22third-party, 266

routing loops, preventing, 623

routing loops, preventing


1270

routing protocols, 599administrative distance, 296, 603–604classful, 654classless, 670configuring over Frame Relay, 351–352distance vector, 604

characteristics, 605operation, 604RIP, 611–612

EIGRPautosummarization, 702–705CM, calculating, 672–674configuring, 683–684default routing, 708–709delay metric, 675–676DUAL, 680–681equal-cost load balancing, 675INIT bit, 677manual summarization, 705–707neighbor establishment, 677–679neighbors, 677protocol-dependent modules, 681redistribution, 691–697route control, 698–699RTP, 679–680split horizon, 681stub routing, 710, 712summarization, 700unequal-cost load balancing, 713–714

filtering, 1025IGRP, 639

configuring, 643–644default routing, 656, 663–664distribute list configuration, 665limiting broadcasts on Ethernet segments,

665–667metrics, 642–643redistribution, 654–655route types, 641routing table, displaying, 645–646technical overview, 640–641timers, 640unequal-cost load balancing, 649–653

link state, 606comparing to distance vector, 606–608operation, 606

metrics, 602–603

OSPF, 741acknowledgments, 756adjacencies, 748–751adjacencies, criteria, 744areas, 753–754areas, establishing, 760–761authentication, 797–800backup configuration, 800–801BDRs, 745–746broadcast networks, 745configuring, 759configuring over Frame Relay, 385–387cost metric, 752default routing, 794–796default routing, lab exercises, 804–820demand circuit configuration, 800–801DRs, 745flooding reduction, 783hello protocol, 743–744link-state database, 742LSAs, 742, 755multiple area routing, lab exercises,

804–840multiple areas, configuring over Frame

Relay, 763–775NBMA networks, 745neighbors, configuring, 761–762opaque LSAs, 756optional parameters, configuring, 763path manipulation, lab exercises,

804–805, 808–820path types, 757–759point-to-multipoint networks, 745point-to-point networks, 744redistribution, example, 786–789redistribution, lab exercises, 821–822,

825–841RIDs, 747route filtering, controlling, 784–785route filtering, example, 786–789route table establishment, 743router types, 754RouterDeadInterval, 744routing updates, controlling, 785–786special area types, configuring, 762SPF tree, 752stub areas, configuring, 783

routing protocols


1271

summarization, 790–794summarization, lab exercises, 821–841tuning, 783versus distance vector protocols, 741–742virtual links, 745, 801–802

path determination, 601–602RIP

classful routing, 612–613classless routing (RIP-2), 614configuring, 615–617debug ip rip command, 619default routing, 625initialization, 611messages, 612routing updates, 612show commands, 617–619summarization, 623

routing algorithm, 601routing updates, 605

IGRP, 640displaying information, 646–647filtering, 647

OSPF, controlling, 785–786RIP, 612

RS-232 cables, access server cabling options, 9RSRB (Remote Source Route Bridging)

lab exercises, 941–958TCP LLC2 local ack, 890

RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol), 679–680

S

S reference point, 453S/T interface (ISDN), 453sampling, 413scalability, IGRP, 639secondary interfaces (HSRP), configuring,

1073–1076security

authenticationHSRP, configuring, 1075NTP configuration, 1101–1102OSPF, 797–800

lock-and-key, 1005selecting Cisco IOS Software, 48sending break signal to router/switch, 40–41

Abort at message, 42serial controllers (HDLC), retrieving physical layer

status, 259serial interfaces

access lists, applying, 1025clock rate, configuring, 15Frame Relay configuration, 354FRTS, applying, 388PPP configuration, 276–277tracking, 1073

serial portsaccess server configuration, 7asynchronous, 1224–1226

server mode (VTP), 142servers, callback, 311–312session layer, 1197set enablepass command, 90set spantree portvlancost command, 184set spantree portvlanpri command, 184set spantree priority command, 184set spantree root command, 184setting IGRP default metric, 648settings for 16-bit boot register

boot field, 30break key, 32display factory diagnostics, 33fast boot/force boot, 31high-speed console, 31ignore NVRAM bit, 32netboot broadcast bit, 32netboot failure response, 33OEM bit, 32reserved bit, 32terminal baud rate, 33

show access-list command, 1004, 1056show bridge command, 856show clock command, 1105show commands, HSRP, 1076show controller command, 17show controllers command, 259show dialer command, 529show dlsw capabilities command, 916–917show dlsw circuits command, 915show dlsw peer command, 914show dlsw peers command, 917–918show dlsw reachability command, 24, 914–915show eigrp neighbors command, 337, 685–686

show eigrp neighbors command


1272

show flash command, 48show frame-relay command

evaluating output, 63–64show frame-relay lmi command, 61, 359–360show frame-relay map command, 361show frame-relay pvc command, 61, 357–359show frame-relay route command, 62show interface bri 0 command, 527–528show interface command, 20, 61–62, 258–262, 308show interface serial command, 258show ip access-list command, 1004show ip eigrp topology command, 686–688show ip nat statistics command, 1046show ip nat translations command, 1034, 1045show ip nat translations verbose command, 1046show ip ospf command, 780–781show ip ospf database command, 777, 779show ip ospf interface command, 779show ip ospf neighbor command, 749show ip ospf neighbors command, 776–777show ip protocols command, 618, 645, 688show ip route command, 308, 618, 645–646, 688,

752, 780, 1016–1017show isdn active command, 529show isdn status command, 525–527show line command, 54–55, 99, 308, 997

performing on access servers, 70–71show log command, 782, 1004show ntp associations command, 1099, 1105–1106,

1119show ntp status command, 1099, 1105show ospf neighbor command, 748show processes command, 304show session command, 56show sntp command, 1105–1106show spanning-tree command, 856–857show standby command, 1076show standby ethernet command, 1085show standby interface command, 1086show version command, 26, 51SIA routes, resolving, 700sidetone, 394

signaling, 394address signaling, 395–396digital, 411

analog conversion process, 411–415ISDN protocols, 452off-hook, 395trunk/line seizure

E&M, 404, 406ground start, 402loop start, 400

SIMMs, viewing available Flash space, 47simulating

LANswith backbone routers, 11, 13with route generators, 11, 13

versus modeling, 11WANs

connections, 14with loopback plugs on CSU/DSUs,

18–20Skynet practice lab, 1135

prestaging, 1135–1137SLARP (Serial Line ARP), 256SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol), 273SNA (Systems Network Architecture), 845snapshot quiet time, 294snapshot routing, 294, 517–524SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol), 1093

configuring, 1104–1105debug commands, 1107–1108show command, 1105–1106

sntp broadcast client command, 1105software

Cisco IOS Software, downloading, 49lab requirements, 22–23

Software Center, selecting Cisco IOS Software, 48solutions to lab exercises, Web site, 1134source algorithms, 414specifications for Ethernet, 123specifying interesting traffic, 460SPF (Shortest Path First) tree, 742, 752SPIDs (service profile identifiers), 456–457split horizon, 351, 605

EIGRP, 681IGRP, 640

spoofing snapshot routing, 294

show flash command


1273

SRB (source-route bridging), 867–868configuring, 872example configuration, 881–889largest frame size, setting, 891multiport, configuring, 873–876operational status, displaying, 880–881remote

configuring, 877–880encapsulation types, 878

RIF, 867–871RSRB, TCP LLC2 local-ack, 890static RIF, configuring, 891–894STP, explorer configuration, 891

STAC compression algorithm, 256Stacker compression, 303standard access lists, 994–995

access groups, 997applying to ports, 996implicit deny, 996logical AND, 993logical OR, 993operation of, 989–990wildcard masks, 991

standby mode, forcing, 333standby priority, 1069startup configuration, viewing, 45static client mode, NTP configuration, 1095–1099static mapping, Frame Relay configuration, 353–354static NAT translation, configuring, 1060–1066static PVCs, RFC 2468 implementation, 563–567static RIF, SRB configuration, 891–894static routes, floating static routes, 295–296, 494static translation (NAT), configuring, 1040–1041store-and-forward switching, 136STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), 128

assigning bridge group number, 851Blocking state, 133Disabled state, 131, 849Forwarding state, 133, 850Learning state, 133, 850link failures, 135Listening state, 131, 849operation, 129–130path costs, 130PVST, 135

root bridges, 129election process, 131, 849

root placementlab exercises, 222–238

timers, 134, 850stub areas, configuring, 754, 783stub routers, configuring, 1024stub routing (EIGRP), 710, 712study preparation, CCIE one-day exam, 1126–1127


subinterfacesFrame Relay encapsulation type,

configuring, 349split horizon, 351

subjective voice quality measurement, MOS (mean opinion score), 416

sublayers of data link layer, 273–274Subnet 0 rule, 1050subnet routes (IGRP), 641subnets, Internet access configuration, 1051summarization

configuring on Frame Relay links, 633–635EIGRP

autosummarization, 702–705manual summarization, 705–707SIA routes, 700

OSPF, 790–791, 794lab exercises, 821–841

RIP, 623Summary LSAs, 755supervisory signaling, 406

delay start, 407immediate start, 408off-hook, 394–395ringing, 395wink start, 406

supported traffic types, NAT, 1048–1049suppressing echo, 409, 411suspending a session, 56SVCs

ATM networks, implementing, 569–574Classical IP implementation, 577–581RFC 2225 implementation, lab exercises,

590–596switch hook, 394

switch hook


1274

switched Ethernet, 135–136broadcast domains, 136Catalyst switches, configuring, 148– 199collision domains, 136ISL, 143lab exercises, 222–238STP, 128

operation, 129–130trunking protocols, 140–143

DISL, 145–146DTP, 145, 147

VLANs, 138VTP, 140–143

advertisements, 141modes of operation, 141

switchesCatalyst

boot register, configuring, 36–38break key combination, 41password recovery, 46–48

COISDN U interface, 454two-to-four wire conversion, 408

Frame Relayconfiguring, 383–384prestaging configuration, 1143–1144

ISDN, 456, 1181–1182modeling LANs, 11password recovery, 89–90PBXs, E&M signaling, 403–404trunks, 143, 399

switchingFrame Relay, 57–61

commands, 61–64configuring, 102–106

ISDN protocols, 452Token Ring, 203

Catalyst 3920 configuration, 208–220lab exercises, 240–249

syntax, extended IP access lists, 998system routes (IGRP), 641

T

T reference point, 453T1 framing formats, 417TA (Terminal Adapter), 453

talker echo, 409TCN (Topology Change Notification) BPDUs, 129TCP encapsulation (SRB), configuring, 879TCP header compression, 303TCP LLC2 local ack (RSRB), 890TCP overload, configuring, 1041–1042, 1044TE1 (Terminal Equipment Type 1), 453TE2 (Terminal Equipment Type 2), 453technical overview

DLSw+, 896, 898EIGRP, 670OSFP, 742Token Ring, 200

technique, importance in applying configuration commands, 311

telephone signaling, 394Telnet sessions, suspending, 56terminal baud rate bit setting (16-bit boot

register), 33terminal server cables, access server cabling

options, 9testing

access lists, 1025access server configuration, 100–101dynamic access list configuring, 1008Frame Relay switch configuration, 105–106HSRP configuration, 1086NAT configurations, 1046, 1056network models, 24–25NTP connectivity, 1117PPP physical layer functionality, 317

TFTP servers, restoring router configuration, 91–96third-party routers, 266tie trunks, supervisory signaling, 406

delay start, 407immediate start, 408wink start, 406

time zones, NTP configuration, 1102–1103, 1112timed portion

CCIE certification, 1138–1142Darth Reid practice lab, 1147–1151The Enchilada practice lab, 1164–1168The Lab, The Bad, The Ugly practice lab,

1156–1160The Unnamed Lab practice lab, 1173–1177

switched Ethernet


1275

timersadjusting, 612for dynamic access lists, configuring, 1007IGRP, 640

tuning, 647OSPF, tuning, 783RIP, 612route invalidation timers, 605STP, 134, 850

timers basic command, 619, 640, 647tip and ring, 397Token Ring

interface port pinout, 1223noncanonical address format, 203operation, 200, 202switching, 203

Catalyst 3920 configuration, 208–220lab exercises, 240–249

technical overview, 200tokens, 365topology, IGRP convergence, 639topology table (EIGRP), 680TOS (type-of-service) values, extended IP access

lists, 1001totally stubby areas, 754trace command, 1011, 1016–1017tracking on serial interfaces, 1073traffic

access listsapplying in bridged environments, 940filtering MAC addresses, 939filtering NetBIOS names addresses, 939filtering SAPs, 937–938

collisions, 124DLSw+, flow control, 902EIGRP, equal-cost load balancing, 675filtering over serial links, 1021–1027FRTS

applying to serial interfaces, 388configuring, 363–366, 382–383map classes, configuring, 365–367tokens, 365verifying configuration, 368–369

IGRP, unequal-cost load balancing, 649–653interesting, 457load as metric, 603types supported by NAT, 1048–1049unequal-cost load balancing, configuring, 664

translation (NAT)dynamic, 1034–1035static, configuring, 1060–1066

transparent bridging, 846configuring, 850–852enabling, 853–855lab exercises, 941–958MAX Age timer, 847operational status, displaying, 856STP

disabled state, 849forwarding state, 850learning state, 850listening state, 849timers, 850

verifying, 858transparent mode (VTP), 142transport input all command, 281transport layer, 1197transporting nonroutable protocols

applying access lists in bridged environment, 940

DLSw+, 894address format, 903advanced configuration, 919–936capabilities exchange, 899, 902circuit establishment, 899configuring, 903–906example configuration, 906–913features, 895flow control, 902lab exercises, 959–985technical overview, 896–898

filtering MAC addresses, 939filtering NetBIOS names addresses, 939filtering SAPs, 937–938IRB, 858–859

configuring, 859–866SRB, 867–868

configuring, 872example configuration, 881–889multiport, configuring, 873–876operational status, viewing, 880–881remote, configuring, 877–880RIF field, 868–871RSRB TCP LLC2 local-ack, 890setting largest frame size, 891

transporting nonroutable protocols


1276

static RIF configuration, 891–894STP explorer configuration, 891

transparent bridging, 846configuring, 850–852enabling, 853–855STP, 849–850verifying operation, 858

TrBRF (Token Ring bridge relay function), 204–206TrCRF (Token Ring concentrator relay functions),

204–206troubleshooting

Frame Relayevaluating debug frame-relay command

output, 64, 66evaluating show frame-relay command

output, 63–64HDLC links, 261–265

physical layer, 259–260modems, debug commands, 75–78NAT, improper FTP translation, 1057–1059PPP, debug commands, 317–322RIP

debug commands, 619show commands, 617–619

trunking protocols, 140–143DISL, 145–146DTP, 145–147ISL, 143

trunks, 143, 399DID, 400DOD, 400E&M signaling, 404, 406ground start signaling, 402loop start signaling, 400supervisory signaling, 406

delay start, 407immediate start, 408wink start, 406

tuningEIGRP updates, 690OSPF, 783

Twinkie Theory, 117two-to-four wire conversion, 394, 408TXI (transmit immediate), 203Type 1 OSPF authentication, 797–800Type 2 OSPF authentication, 798–800Type I E&M signaling, 404

Type II E&M signaling, 405Type III E&M signaling, 405Type IV E&M signaling, 406Type V E&M signaling, 405

U

U interface (ISDN), 454U reference point, 453unequal-cost load balancing, 649–653

configuring, 664EIGRP, configuring, 713–714IGRP, 639

unidirectional CHAP authentication, DDR configuration, 480

The Unnamed Lab practice lab, 1169prestaging, 1169–1172timed portion, 1173–1177

update timer (IGRP), 640updated Cisco IOS commands, 50updates

EIGRP, 679–680, 690RIP, 612–614

upgrading Cisco IOS Software, 48–53, 91–96utilities, CONFREG

corresponding bit positions (16-bit boot register), 44–45

executing, 41–42verifying router support, 43–44

V

V.35 back-to-back connections, configuring PPP on serial interface, 276–277

V.35 patch panels, 19V.35 serial cable pinouts, 1218–1220variance (IGRP), configuring, 649variance command, 649, 714vbr-rt command, parameters, 444VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) field, ATM cell

header, 556verifying

available memory for IOS upgrade, 51EIGRP operational status, 685–686Frame Relay operation, 357FRTS configuration, 368–369

transporting nonroutable protocols


1277

HDLC DCE-to-DTE connectivity, 271HSRP operation, 1074IGRP

router connectivity, 662updates, 667

PPP multilink functionality, 306routers with CONFREG utility support, 43–44transparent bridging, 858VoFR voice ports, 423–426

versions of HDLC, compatibility, 254viewing

access lists, 1004–1005OSPF adjacency status, 749startup configuration, 45

virtual address (HSRP), 1069virtual bridges, 136virtual interfaces, configuring route generators, 66virtual links (OSPF), 745, 801–802VLANs, 136, 138

clearing from trunks, 174–175MST, 143pruning, 174trunking, lab exercises, 222–238

VoATMconfiguring, 440–447ILMI connectivity, 443–444

vocoders, 413VoFR

dial peers, configuring, 427–428fragmentation, enabling, 429map class definition, 428POTS peers, configuring, 426voice ports

configuring, 429–432verifying, 423–426

voice compression, 414–415Voice Network Modules, 418voice ports, VoFR configuration, 429–432voice switches, 397

CO switches, 397intermediate switches, 399PBX switches, 399

voice-capable routersCisco 1750, 419Cisco 2600, 419Cisco 3600, 419Cisco 7200, 421Cisco MC3810, 420comparing, 421

VoIPconfiguring, 433–440IP precedence, 437

VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) field. ATM cell header, 556

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol), 140–143advertisements, 141modes of operation, 141

W

WANsconnections, simulating, 14ATM

PNNI, 556PVC implementation, 575–577RFC 225, configuring, 574–575RFC 2684, 582, 584–589RFC 2684, configuring, 562–574SVC implementation, 577–581

Frame Relayaddress mapping configuration, 349–350configuring, 349data rate metrics, 345DLCIs, 343DLSw configuration, 389–390FRTS configuration, 363–366hybrid network configuration, 352IP RTP priority, 437LMI, 344–348local access rate, 344multipoint network configuration,

370–380NNI, 344OSPF area configuration, 763–775point-to-point network configuration,

370–380PVCs, 343, 348

WANs


1278

switching, 57–61, 102–106, 383–384verifying operation, 357

HDLC, 254configuring, 256–257DCE-to-DTE connectivity, 267–271debug output, 255keepalives, 254–255links, troubleshooting, 261–265

ISDN, 451BRI, 452categories of, 452configuring, 455connectivity, 455CPE, 453DDR configuration, 457–524development, 451encapsulation, 455hints for configuring, 534interfaces, 452–453lab exercises, 536–553PRI, 453reference points, 453S/T interface, 453SPID values, 456–457switch types, 456

links, bundling, 305–306modeling

with routers in back-to-back mode, 14–18with switch-configured routers, 21–22

PPPcompression, configuring, 303–304debug commands, 308–311LCP, 274–275RFCs, 274show commands, 308, 310–311

simulating with loopback plugs on CSU/DSUs, 18, 20

waveform algorithms, 414waveform coders, 413waveform compression, ADPCM, 414web sites, FRF, 346weighted fair queuing, VoFR configuration, 429weighted routes.

See

floating static routeswildcard masks, 991Windows NT, break key combination, 41wink start signaling, 406

X

X.21 serial cable pinouts, 1221–1222Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center),

development of Ethernet, 118

WANs


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