PRODUCT CHART - USE AND MAINTENANCE

Dear customer, in thanking you for choosing one of our kitchens’ range, we would like to remind you that the LUBE structure is pleased to offer you a more efficient service. This catalogue is conceived to offer you the product chart complying with laws regulations of 10th April 1991 n° 126 “ Rules for consumer’s information” and with the 9th February 1997 n°101 decree “Rule of implementation” and to offer you at the same time some pieces of advice for the use, the maintenance and cleaning so that your kitchen can maintain its features over time.

Cucine LUBE Via dell'Industria, 4

62010 Treia (MC) Italy

Model: MARTA

WARNING This product chart complies with provisions of the law n° 126, 10th April “consumer information instructions” and with the decree n° 101, 9th February 1997 “implementation by-laws”

MATERIALS DOORS AND PULL-OUT BASKETS “MARTA: FRAME DOOR”: "Natural cherry" essence: Birch solid wood frame and fibreboard (class E1) with back and front side veneered in European cherry. U.V. and polyurethane finish. "Whitened oak and wengé" essence; birch solid wood frame and fibreboard (class E1) with back and front side veneered in reeded European oak. U.V. and acrylic finish; in light whitish colour for whitened oak, in dark colour for wengé-look stain. "Birch" essence; birch solid wood frame, veneer in rotary peeled birch and fibreboard (class E1) with outer side veneered in reeded and mullioned sliced European cherry and inner side veneered in tanganika walnut; U.V and polyurethane finish. DRAWERS FRONTS: in birch solid wood whose veneer is based on wood doors. GLASS DOORS: frame based on wood doors; 4 mm thick madras, pavé and tempered glass.

DOORS AND PULL-OUT BASKETS "MARTA PLAIN SLATTED DOOR": Particleboard door with 19 mm thick grooves (class E1) in tanganika walnut veneered-laminated inside and reeded light European oak veneered outside; the edging is carried out by a 1 mm thick border in reeded European oak. Open pore and polyurethane non-yellowing finish, light whitish stain for whitened oak model, dark stain for wengé-look model. Door in light cherry essence made up by a 19 mm particleboard (class E1) whose inner side is tanganika walnut veneered-laminated and the outer side is light European cherry veneered; edging is carried out by 1 mm thick borders in sliced cherry. Open pore polyurethane non-yellowing finish. DRAWERS FRONTS: based on wood doors, but for grooves. GLASS DOORS: frame based on wood doors; 4 mm thick madras pavé and tempered glass.

DOORS AND PULL-OUT BASKETS FRONTS "GLOSSY LACQUER": lacquer panels in laminated MDF (class E1) with white polyester resin based primer and non-yellowing isocyanate catalyzed polyurethane-based glossy brushed varnish (chrome, lead and cadmium free lacquer finishes), available in different colours, even in sample. DRAWERS FRONTS: based on wood doors. GLASS DOORS: frame based on wood doors; 4 mm thick madras pavé and tempered glass.

DOORS AND PULL-OUT BASKETS FRONTS "MAT LACQUER": lacquer panels in laminated MDF (class E1) with white polyester resin based primer and non-yellowing isocyanate catalyzed polyurethane-based varnish (chrome, lead and cadmium free lacquer finishes), available in different colours, even in sample. DRAWERS FRONTS: based on wood doors. GLASS DOORS: frame based on wood doors; 4 mm thick madras, pavé and tempered glass.

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DOORS, DRAWERS FRONTS AND PULL-OUT BASKETS "MARTA GLASS DOOR": the frame is a 6060 aluminium extruded burnished profiled, which is treated by chemical oxidation and champagne finish. A 4 mm thick, white, tempered glass is externally glued onto it; the handle is a fixed aluminium profiled and frame in-built. HANDLE: in zama alloy with galvanic satin nickel finish and protective transparent stain. CASE FRAME AND SHELVES: melamine laminated particleboards E1, (14-16-18 mm thick). EDGE: laminated (melamine foil) and assembled by polyurethane and thermosetting (case sides) or thermomelting glues (shelves). BACK PANELS: Medium density melamine foil laminated particleboards (2.5 mm thick) (class E1). WORKTOP: Laminate top: Water repellent (V100) 38 mm thick particleboards (class E1) in high pressure laminate (HPL). See useful information about special worktops on demand that in the outlet are distinguished by specific labels stating their technical features (marble, steel etc). SINK: in 18/10 stainless steel, available in single stamped bold or with electrowelded bowls, smooth or “textured” finish. See useful information about special sinks on demand, in the outlet they are marked by specific labels stating their technical features SHELVES: Laminated shelf: class E1 melamine foil laminated particleboard; laminate edge. Veneered shelf: class E1 particleboard, sliced wood veneered and acrylic polyurethane stained. In the outlet shelf models are marked by specific labels. CORNICES: in sliced wood veneered fir; acrylic/polyurethane stain. SINK UNIT BACK COVER: in checked aluminium, which prevents water leaks from damaging the sink unit. LEGS: impact resistant polyester based polymer laminated, height adjustable. PLIYNTHS: in PVC, melamine foil laminated with rubber strip decoration. FRIDGE CASE BACK: in stiff inalterable PVC. BACKSPLASH FOR TOPS: in stiff impact resistant PVC and laminate or aluminium decoration. HINGES: in steel sheet and copper and nickel plated anticorrosive zama alloy with 110° or 180° folding angle (plate-rack), they are all adjustable in three-directions. DRAWERS AND PULL-OUT BASKETS: 12 mm thick laminated particleboards (rear and back panels) and galvanized and anticorrosive varnished pressed steel sheet side panels. They are mounted onto self-locking slides with end-of-stroke block. PLATE-RACKS AND PULL-OUT BASKETS: in electrowelded stainless steel, they can be polymer resin plasticized, chrome or nickel plated.

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

BLOCK AND SHELVES STRUCTURE Melaminic laminated wooden panels class E1 (14-16-18 mm. thick).

EDGE In laminate (melaminic foil) stuck with polyurethane and thermosetting (block sides) or thermomelting (shelves).

BACK PANELS Half-density fibres laminated with melaminic foil panels (2.5 mm. Thick) (class E1).

WORKTOP Laminate top: wooden water-repellent (V 100) 38 mm. Thick laminate high-pression (HPL) veneered panel (class E1).

For particular worktops see page with useful notes.

SINK In stainsteel sheet 18/10 single-die or with welded basins, smooth or patterned.

For particular sinks see page with useful notes.

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BRACKETS Laminated bracket: wooden melaminic laminated panel class E1; laminate edge. Veneered bracket: wooden veneered in sliced wood panel class E1, acrylic and polyurethane finishing.

FRAME Veneered pine with sliced wood, acrylic-polyurethane finishing.

SINK UNIT BOTTOM COATING In chequered aluminium that protects the sink unit from water seepage.

FEET In tecnopolymeric, polyester-based, anti-shock, adjustable height.

BASE n PVC, wrapped in melaminic foil, decorated with rubber strip.

UNIT FRIDGE BOTTOM Stiff, inalterable PVC.

BACKGUARD FOR TOPS In stiff anti-shock PVC with laminate or aluminium decoration.

HINGES In steel sheet and anticorrosion, nickeled, coopered zama alloy with flare angle 110° or 180° (dish holder), three-directions adjustable.

DRAWERS AND BASKETS Laminate wooden panels, 12 mm. Thick (bottom and back panels) and lateral sides in printed, zinc plated steel sheet with anti-corrosion paint. They are mounted on slideways with automatic return and limit stop lock.

DISH HOLDER RACKS AND BASKETS In welded stainsteel. They may be plasticated with polymeric resin, chromed or nickel-plated.

TABLES Top: it may be or a wooden HPL (laminate worktop) veneered panel or a cold-water stained, polyurethane or acrylic, veneered, in sliced wood panel, or a crystal or granite panel. Borders and underside: they may be in metal or laminate multi-layer or veneered in sliced wood panels. Legs: they may be in metal or in solid white ash, beech or pine. Acrylic or polyurethane finishing.

CHAIRS Structure: it may be in tubular, thermosetting powders painted metal, or in solid white ash wood, beech or pine. Water-cold painted (primer) and acrylic, polyurethane lacquered (filler).

Each type of chair and table is identified in sale point by appropriate adhesive label stuck on the package.

SECURITY

FORMALDHEYDE EMISSIONS Class E 1 panel refers to the European EN 120 and to the one with the lowest formaldehyde emission rate (>3.5 mg/h-m2).

LOAD CAPACITY

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Units holders (hangers): maximum flexing resistance 145 kg. Drawers rails (half pull-out drawers): max. dynamic load 25 Kg, max. static load 40 Kg. Drawers rails (fully pull-out drawers): max. dynamic load 30 Kg. Max. static load 50 Kg. Hinges: fatigue tests did not show significant decay signs after 80,000 cycles (door: 70 x 60 cm, 8.8 Kg, equipped with two hinges, subjected to repeated openings and closures. UTS at the opening: 130N (under the aforementioned test conditions). Tempered glasses: in case of crash these glasses break into tiny pieces preventing the creation of dangerous sharp blades.

SAFETY UNI-EN 1153 REGULATIONS All the main kitchen components manufactured by Cucine LUBE meet the safety building Uni-EN 1153 par. 6.2 standards. Moreover they are built according to the following safety standards mentioned on par.8 of this regulation: - Shelves turning over (par. 8.1) - Shelves hooks (par. 8.2) - Vertical load on doors (par. 8.3) - Sliding doors and roller shutters (par. 8.4) - Drawers (par. 8.5) - Tops bearing load (par. 8.7) - Glass components crash (par. 8.7) - Glasses crash (par. 8.10) - Steadiness (par. 9) - Units hooks bearing load (par. 8.8.3)

Assembly - Ensure the furniture is assembled by qualified people and is not modified in any part because in that case its steadiness may be endangered. Indeed, in case of bad assembly, risks like turning over and collapsing may occur. - Check also the fitness of the ceiling and verify that the hanging devices endured the generated forces.

Ecology When you decide to replace the furniture for tearing do not throw it but call the waste disposal company to take it into a dump.

USEFUL ADVICE

WORKTOPSLAMINATE WORKTOP The laminate at high pressure (HPL) top coating is a high resistant material that guarantees according to the European EN 438 regulations high quality standards dealing with scratch, heat, stain, shock and abrasion resistance. It also comes with drop-catching edge. (Keep doors and the whole furniture far from possible seepage).

MARBLE OR GRANITE WORKTOP Marble or granite worktops are very delicate because of their porosity (granite ones are less porous) and for this reason they are less likely to be etched by weak acids, contained in vinegar or in lemon. This kind of worktops is equipped of the filler product to clog pores and to remove more easily stains. It is however advisable to protect the surface with the appropriate filler. Repeat the treatment once or twice a year.

MARBLE OR GRANITE AGGLOMERATE WORKTOP It consists of agglomerate of natural marble or granite (95-96%) with a grading that ranges from 0 to 99 mm together with polyester resin (4-5%). It has all the typical marble or granite characteristics thus it has to be maintained in the same careful way. The main advantage is the highly flexibility of the top shapes and the possibility to repair it with its appropriate kit for abrasion agents damages and chips due to fallen heavy objects.

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SYNTHETIC “LIGHTQUARTZ” WORKTOP The worktop is obtained from a 12 mm thick sheet consisting of a mix of quartz (98%) and resins ( 2%), located on a fire-retardant and water-repellent wooden panel (class E1) of varying thickness; its edge may be as well in lightquartz or made of an aluminium profile. This low resin top has the following positive features: solidity, abrasion resistance, unalterability to chemicals, lack of porosity and thus lack of liquids absorption. It is not easily recyclable.

SYNTHETIC EKOTEK WORKTOP It consists of highly selection resins and minerals and it is carried out by an injection polymeric process. Being a thermosetting resin it is highly heat and thermal shock resistant. It constitutes a very good barrier to common chemical household products; furthermore thanks to its homogeneity, in case of breakage it may be repaired without visible signs. It is completely recyclable.

STRATIFIED LAMINATE WORKTOP It is made of laminate, whose supporting resins thickness is 10 mm. It is glued onto a supporting board, consisting of a fire-retardant, water-repellent wooden panel (class E1). Thanks to its mechanical features it is highly abrasion and shock resistant besides being absolutely waterproof.

STAINLESS STEEL WORKTOP It is made of a wooden panel (class E1), coated by a 1 mm thick AISI 3042B steel sheet with scotch brite finishing. It is fully stain resistant and extremely fit for the hygienic treatment of foodstuffs in the kitchen. It is however necessary to avoid using sharp or abrasive objects that may scratch the surface because the steel is not very scratch resistant. A great advantage of this kind of top is the possibility to weld the sink bowls next to the hob area, according to the flush fitting system, that gives a continuity touch effect and also prevents the dirt from halting in the joints.

TILE WORKTOP It is carried out with enamelled ceramic tiles, fully vitrified stoneware, or natural stones glued to the wooden stratified water-repellent panel and shimmed with waterproof paste; the ceramic surface is stain resistant, but the enamel is not chip resistant if hit with sharp objects.

TOP IN OKITE The worktop consists of a 20 or 30 mm multilayer panel with high content of quartz (94% on average), obtained by a process of vacuum vibro-compacting. The binding agent consists of catalyzed polyester resin and the coloration is given by natural pigments (iron oxide). The support is made of a multilayer panel; the edge can be in Okite as well or made of an anodized aluminium profile. This worktop offers remarkable advantages of superficial toughness, abrasion resistance, dimensional steadiness and unalterability to chemical agents. Furthermore it does not appear be porous and therefore it does not absorb liquids, nor it allows the creation of bacteria on its surface.

SINKS STAINLESS STEEL SINK There are two kind of sinks: those sinks that are obtained from a unique sheet mould, whose bowls are less deep and in thinner steel and those sinks that have welded bowls and are deeper and squared and thus more capacious. The steel sink tends to easily show water stains and limestone sediments that may be however removed with the appropriate products in commerce. There is also the anti-scratch finishing that consists of several raised geometrical layouts on the surface, which make sinks more scratch resistant. Their cleaning is however not that easy.

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ENAMELLED SINK In enamelled steel. It can be easily damaged with shocks. The enamel is very fragile and splinters.

RESIN SINK It is made of resins and died polymeric minerals. It is unstainable, but in time it may lose elasticity and crackafter thermal shocks due to the use of cold water. It is not easily recyclable.

THE WOOD The wood is a natural material with specific features. The difference of grain or tonality between its different parts cannot be a reason of complaint. LUBE has introduced in its Quality system strict finishing and wood matching control tests in order to decrease as much as it is possible eventual problems. The wood exposure to the sunshine can cause decolouration. In time wood ripens and may acquire a lightly different tonality that does not have to be considered a default.

CLEANING ADVICE

WOODEN OR VENEERED PARTS Softly clean with a wet cloth and carefully dry. Avoid using detergents or spray that may damage the lacquer brightness.

LAMINATE PARTS Clean with a wet cloth or with detergents for washable surfaces, that do not have to be abrasive or solvent or alcohol-based.

LACQUERED PARTS Clean with a soft cloth and liquid detergent. Carefully rinse and dry. Do not use abrasive, solvent or alcohol based products.

WORKTOPS Laminate, synthetic and tile tops should be cleaned with a wet sponge and a normal liquid detergent. Avoid using very abrasive products; do not use steam cleaners with joints of tile tops, but antilimestone gel products. Stainless worktops tend to get stained by water limestone, but today there are specific products that easily remove stains. Moreover do not use chloride-based detergents or detergents made of its compounds and abrasive products (creams, powdered detergents, metallic sponges, etc.) since the steel can be easily scratched. Finally, to clean marble, granite and agglomerate tops only use water and soap, avoid liquid detergents. It is necessary to remove immediately wet stains, because after a little time the different substances may penetrate the material pores; however in case of halos or stains rub with a bicarbonate and water mixture. Leave it act and then remove it by means of a normal household wet sponge. It is also very important to repeat the waterproofing treatment with the appropriate products.

SINKS Avoid using abrasive sponges because they may scratch the surface. Use a tepid vinegar sponge or Spanish paste to clean stainsteel sinks. You only need to use a normal dishes soap to clean enamelled, synthetic and ceramic sinks.

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CHAIRS AND TABLES To clean tabletops follow step by step the instructions for worktops;as for veneered or wooden worktops see paragraph dealing with wood. Finally, ensure from time to time that tapping screws used to fix legs are well tightened. As for the wooden or lacquered chairs follow the same instructions of the previous paragraphs: those chairs with metallic structure can be cleaned with a soft cloth, lightly padded with water or alcohol, the straw or synthetic seat does not require particular cleaning treatments. It is however advisable to protect it with a cushion in order to preserve it for a longer time.

VARIOUS COMPONENTS Hinges: In order to make furniture hinges last for a longer time neither force the doors opening angle nor cling to doors when opened, avoid putting boxes or bottles of detergents and other chemical products next to hinges because they may cause their oxidation in time. Edges: their breakage is mainly due to the heat of the oven or to the steams produced by the dishwasher. LUBE uses for its kitchen edges thermosetting polyurethane glues that are highly heat and moisture resistant. However, open the dishwasher only when it is cold and dry it thoroughly. Brackets and frames: see the instructions of the previous paragraphs regarding the laminate tops and the wood. Aluminium frame and plinths: clean with a soft cloth and liquid detergent, rinse and carefully dry, never use abrasive products. Knobs and handles: they are coated with a special protective stain and mark resistant film, thus it is necessary to avoid using abrasive products or solvents (acetone, tricroloroetilene or ammonia) that would damage them. Use a wet cloth and dry them carefully.

ELECTRIC APPLIANCES

GENERAL ADVICE The arrangement of electric appliances should not be done at random, but it should be organized in such a way as to achieve the best working and handing conditions.

Control the state of the electric plant and in particular the efficiency of the earth dump. Do not service the appliance without disconnecting it. Avoid starting or touching electric appliances when being bare foot or when the floor is wet.

It is advisable to avoid using adaptors and multiple jacks, the appliance jack must be the one connected to the outlet to avoid overheating and provoke short-circuits.

WARNING Follow only the instructions of the manufacturer given in the manuals that come with each electric appliance and in case of need of intervention please call directly the service centres of the manufacturer’s, that you will find in the booklet and in the warranty certificate.

HOB UNIT Electric plates: wet cloth and add a little oil when they are still half-warm. Enamelled plates and griddle plates: do not use abrasive powders. Use water and dishes detergents.

OVENS Clean the oven when it is still half-warm by using hot water and soap. Carefully dry. It is moreover advisable to frequently clean the oven. Some models are however equipped with self-washing panels that allow an easier cleaning.

DISHWASHER Use the appropriate salt or coarse salt to remove limestone. Make sure the rack is always full. Add salt any ten washings, or when it is signalled by the pilot lamp. Remember to clean periodically and carefully the filter and the disk wheels. Impurities and deposits prevent from a regular down flow.

FRIDGE

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Tepid water and bicarbonate. To remove persistent odours put a tepid milk bowl inside the fridge for a couple of hours. Take the dust layer out that has formed on the cooling coil which is placed under on the back of the fridge. It is advisable to often clean the defrosting water dumping hole to prevent it finishing at the bottom of the fridge. Water seepage may occur and damage the bottom structure of the fridge unit.

WASHING MACHINE Often remove impurities such as coins, button or threads from the filter. They may clog the water dump. Keep the drawer clean avoiding the formation of encrustations. Use decalcifying products with soap: they avoid the formation of limestone deposits and reduce eventual service interventions.

EXTRACTOR HOODS The metal anti-grease filter must be cleaned in the dishwasher any two months.

USE AND MAINTENANCE

FRIDGE CASE To function correctly the fridge block needs continuous aeration that is made possible through a special plastic predrilled bottom that allows the air flow to come in from under the door of the unit and to go out from the upper part, so do not put anything on and under the columns. It is furthermore not advisable to set the fridge next to a warmth source like an oven, a hob unit or a radiator.

Fix all the casings with an appropriate wall fixing plate to prevent it from turning over.

EXTRACTOR HOOD It is important to use the extractor hood because it catches the fumes and releases them outside. It has however to be connected to a flue equipped with the appropriate tube; do not connect the extractor hood to a flue that is already used for other dumps like boilers or chimneys.

Fig: The disposable anti-grease filter in synthetic fibre needs to be removed every two months. The metal anti-grease filter needs to be washed in the dishwasher any two months.

HINGES It is possible to adjust the hinges just in case of doors maladjustment by using them: the three arrows of the picture indicate how to do it. It is possible to adjust the height, the width and the depth of the door. Acting on the same screw that allows the depth adjustment it is also possible to completely remove the door of the furniture.

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HARDWARE FOR UNITS AND SHELVES The unit is attached to the unit holder bar in a way that allows you to adjust the height and the depth of the unit, thanks to appropriate screws that are placed under a plastic little door as shown in the picture.

Fig: Thanks to a series of holes made in the side of the furniture, it is possible to settle the shelf at the wished height.

WORKTOPS Make sure that before installing appliances or sinks a protective gaiter, belonging to the kit, has been appropriately applied along the holes perimeter.

Fig: Before connecting the pieces of the unit make sure that silicone has been applied on the joints of the top.

Make sure that the backguard has been mounted very closed to the wall and to the top and it has been sealed with a silicone sealant if it is necessary.

FEET AND BASES In order to work under the units, the base of the kitchen furniture is hooked to the feet through plastic quick-release couplers, so one just need to pull or push the base where the feet are, these couplers may be placed at the same height of the feet thank to a slideway placed in the base. Fig: Base and columns feet may be adjusted in height to level the kitchen in case of faulty floors; to do this one just need to turn the threaded base of the feet as it is shown in the picture.

FULLY PULL-OUT DRAWERS

To hook the drawer front introduce the appropriate expansion insert into the front and fix it as it is shown in the picture, then put the front with blocked inserts near the lateral sides till the springs are hooked.

To release the drawer front introduce a crosshead screwdriver into the appropriate seat after removing the protective film and then

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turn clockwise until the release is achieved.

To adjust the drawer front in height of use the golden screw as it is shown in the picture.

To adjust the drawer side use the grey plastic bush as it is shown in the picture.

To adjust the drawer front inclination see the picture and rotate the rail. To mount the rails: 1) insert the rail 2) raise the back of the rail 3) insert the rail into the back of the drawer

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PARTIAL EXTRACTION DRAWERS Vertical adjustment of the front Front disassembly and horizontal adjustment.

LIFT DOORS UNITS To adjust the gripping power of the arms work on the appropriate seat with a hexagonal key paying attention to make an equivalent adjustment for both the arms. It is also important to maintain the mounting heights set by the designer in case of a replacement of the arms or of the door.

GLOSSARY

STAINLESS STEEL Softly clean with a wet cloth and carefully dry: avoid using detergents and sprays that may damage the gloss of the lacquer.

ALUMINIUM This metal is white silver coloured, ductile and it is mainly applied in the aeronautical field because of its extreme lightness. It is used both die-cast and drawn. It is painted and protected through anodising processes which make superficial layers scratch and corrosion resistant.

ABS Acronym that stands for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, which is a highly resistant synthetic resins based polymer, that is also used for packaging, television sets carcasses, toys etc…

CHIPBOARD PANEL It is the central panel of a door which is generally made of veneered or coated chipboard.

MELAMINIC FOIL Melaminic resins padded foil; it is available in different colours or in different imitations of wood streaks. It is used to coat chipboard panels that after this treatment are called “laminate panels”.

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THERMOMELTING GLUES They are liquid adhesives that glue when drying and under a pressure for holding two elements together. They are reversible because if they are brought back to temperatures that range from 60° to 100° roughly, they soften losing at the same time their bonding power.

THERMOSETTING GLUES They are resins that exploit their bonding power thanks to chemical reactions, which are partly started by the heat. The most important glues in the woodwork factory are obtained through the mixture of formaldehyde and other basic resins. Reacting straight away as reversible bonding agents they resist even to high temperatures. Polyurethane glues that LUBE uses for casings edges are thermosetting.

FORMALDEHYDE This gas with its intense odour is used in the production of the main thermosetting glues in the woodwork factory manufacturing chipboard. It has already been considered as carcinogenic and in case of highly concentrations in some places, it causes tearing and soreness. Since 1977 the B.G.A (the Healthcare Office in Berlin) has set the danger threshold in locals for concentrations that range from .01 ppm (parts per million) to 0.02 mg/mc; products that are below this threshold are the so-called Class E1 products. As well as Italy other countries complied with these values.

BRIGHTNESS DEGREE It is equivalent to the gloss value measured on the lacquered surface through the appropriate device called glossmetre: - mat: up to 10 gloss - semi-mat: from 11 to 35 gloss - semi-gloss: from 36 to 60 gloss - gloss: from 61 to 80 gloss - highly gloss: over 80 gloss

WATER REPELLENT In the woodwork sector those chipboard or MDF or stratified panels that resist for a given period complying with the EEC standards to the moisture expansion caused by water seepage into the wood fibres are considered water repellent. This resistance is not unlimited. There is a scale of values that ranges from V20 (low resistance) to V100 that guarantees the maximum moisture resistance.

LAMINATE It is also known with its commercial name “formica” it consists of phenolic (base) and melaminic (decoration paper) resins that are kept together with glue forming a 0.06 mm thick foil. It is applied for coating wooden panels (laminated panels). That laminate whose base resins thickness is over 1 mm is called stratified laminate that for its mechanical features may be used as self-supporting panel without being installed with wooden panels.

POSTFORMING LAMINATE It consists of an application of a laminate surface on an irregular shaped substratum (which is generally curved or profiled) as in the case of the machined edging of the panel.

HPL LAMINATE The acronym HPL stands for High Pressure Laminates or laminate obtained through high pressure. This type of laminates complies with the EN 438/1 regulation and has proved to have the following features: solidity and scratch, wearing, shock, chemicals and heat resistance.

MDF PANELS MDF means middle density fibres panel, which is created by using branches and hard wood wastes. They are very important from the ecological point of view because their production does not imply felling. They consist of wooden fibres that are obtained by means of steam and specific grinders and hold together with thermosetting glues. These fibres (very similar to cotton hair down), once pressed, give to the panel good mechanical features such as very good dimensional steadiness and solidity along the edges, that are essential for lacquered, laminated in PVC panels and for big surfaces, where flatness problems may occur. However they have an elevated weight and low moisture resistance.

MELAMINIC ENNOBLED PANEL

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Chipboard panel whose sides have been coated with melaminic resins padded paper foils.

CHIPBOARD PANELS It is technically defined as a wooden panel that is mainly obtained by recycling hard wood waste and remaining trees branches; thus it is an ecological product because it does not imply felling. It is made of wood chips and particles that are pressed and held together by means of thermosetting glues. It is generally used after having being veneered, ennobled with melaminic foil or PVC coating or laminate, which are all materials that give to the panel the required aesthetic features. From the mechanical point of view the chipboard panel has a very good dimensional steadiness, which makes it extremely useful when applied on big surfaces at the place of solid wood that may imply flatness problems. It is also much lighter than the MDF panel, as well as this last one it has very low moisture resistance, above all if it is raw. The materials that are usually applied for its finish make it waterproof according to the type and the way of coating.

STRATIFIED PANEL It is considered as stratified a panel that is made of five or more wood layers whose fibres are interlaced. These layers are linked one to the other by means of waterproof and moisture resistant bonding agents.

VENEER SHEET It is also called sliced and it consists of a thin wooden sheet (roughly 0.06 mm thick), made from the shearing of stocks. It is applied to cover wooden panels (MDF, chipboard, solid wood, etc..) which will be then called veneered panels.

PLATING Coating of a raw panel by means of various material such as laminate, PVC, veneer sheet, etc…

PVC Polyvinyl chloride is one of the most applied plastic materials in the woodwork factory. It is used fore coating both structural elements and doors. It is toxic, but it is actually dangerous only during the manufacturing and destruction process (if it is not burnt in specific incinerators it may produce dioxin). It is colourable and may imitate the wood streaks. Being thermoplastic it is not heat resistant, because it softens at temperatures that range from 75° to 95°.

SERIGRAPHY It is a particular printing method according to which the ink is poured through the stitches of a silk cloth (serigraphic screen), that have been previously clogged over the non-printable areas. As for the glass, the serigraphy may be tempered so that by melting together with glasses becomes indelible by means of a further heating process at high temperature.

LACQUER THICKNESS The thickness of the dry lacquer film on the element is measured according to quality of the lacquer: - opened pore: up to 5 micron thick - semi-opened pore: from 6 to 20 micron thick - semi-closed pore: from 21 to 60 micron thick - closed pore: over 60 micron thick.

FRAME It is a full stressed-skin structure, generally rectangular and carried out by tying properly four or more strips. If the frame is rectangular, the vertical elements are called heelposts, and the horizontal elements are called crosspieces.

ACRYLIC LACQUER It is a highly lightfast lacquer that gives the best results against yellowing. It is mainly applied with light coloured woods where a possible yellowing of the lacquer would cause a very unpleasant colour change. It gives the wood a very natural look since it may be applied with a minimum thickness without creating the overlapping effect of a transparent film on a wooden panel.

POLYURETHANE LACQUER It is the most used in the woodwork sector since it is cheap and easy to apply. Being low lightfast it tends to yellow and for this reason it is not fit for finishing light coloured woods.

POLYESTER LACQUER

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It is generally used for big thickness of paint and it has very good mechanical resistance (lacquered panels). Since it is harder than acrylic or polyurethane lacquers, it is usually used also for table tops or for other pieces of furniture that are wearing. It can be polished (gloss lacquer finish) by means of systems consisting in the use of thinner and thinner grains until a specular surface of big aesthetic effect is achieved. As well as polyurethane lacquers, polyester lacquers are low lightfast too and are not fit for manufacturing very bright lacquered panels that can easily yellow.

COLD WATER LACQUER It is used in the new ecological finishing systems where the solvent applied is water. In this way big pollution problems are solved (In some cases 70% of the applied product evaporates during the drying process in the shape of polluting solvents.) Cold water lacquers are still as an experiment.

TEMPERED GLASS It is a glass whose impact resistance is obtained through the temper. This process consists in heating at high temperatures (650°) the glass to cold it down quickly soon afterwards by powerful air blowing.

ZAMA Alloy made of very pure zinc, aluminium and magnesium, that besides having a fair chemical inertia, it is also fit for die-casting processes. In the woodwork sector it is mainly used for manufacturing knobs and handles.

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