23
Pain Medicine
Pain Medicine
R. Jason Yong Michael Nguyen Ehren Nelson • Richard D. UrmanEditors
Pain Medicine
An Essential Review
ISBN 978-3-319-43131-4 ISBN 978-3-319-43133-8 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43133-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017931967
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer NatureThe registered company is Springer International Publishing AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
EditorsR. Jason Yong, MD, MBADepartment of Anesthesiology
Perioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA
Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women’s Faulkner
HospitalBoston, MA, USA
Ehren Nelson, MDDepartment of Anesthesiology
Perioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA
Michael Nguyen, MDDepartment of Anesthesia and
Perioperative MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard
Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
Richard D. Urman, MD, MBA, CPEAssociate Professor of Anesthesia,
Harvard Medical School Director of Anesthesia Service, Brigham
and Women’s Health Care Center at Chestnut Hill
Director (Anesthesia), Center for Perioperative Research
Medical Director, Sedation for Interventional Medicine
Brigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA
v
Pain Medicine is a young and growing field with continually evolving con-cepts, pathways, and procedures. Furthermore, with the multitude of special-ties participating in this multidisciplinary field, the knowledge base required of pain practitioners is immense. While all pain fellowships now require exposure to psychiatry, neurology, anesthesiology, and physiatry, one year is a short amount of time to attempt a full mastery of all these disciplines that are needed to become a pain management expert.
This excellent resource was conceptualized by accomplished clinicians and educators at Harvard Medical School and beautifully encapsulates the practical information needed for pain practitioners. This comprehensive work covers all important clinical concepts in depth. I encourage all trainees, recent graduates as well as seasoned practitioners to use this resource as it covers all the disciplines of pain medicine in an easily digestible format with clinical pearls aimed at having pain practitioners learn from the experience and wis-dom of the writers.
This evidence-based, up-to-date book should be a go-to reference for all, as there are many aspects of pain medicine, from basic to complex concepts, that we are all required to master and for which we sometimes need a little refresher. The editors have a passion for education as evidenced by their numerous teaching awards and their ability to distill complex topics into con-cise summaries and pearls. I highly recommend this book, and they should be very proud of their work.
Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Edgar L. RossPain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Foreword
vii
Written by residents, fellows, and attending staff, the book provides practical and concise information for pain medicine. The inception of the idea of the book came due to the limited references available that concisely summarize pertinent topics that are frequently encountered in the field of pain medicine. Pain medicine is a diverse field with an expansive breadth of knowledge required.
Pharmacology, physical examination, radiology, anatomy, neurology, and psychiatry all have to be incorporated seamlessly to be an effective pain phy-sician. For new graduates, there are a multitude of materials available from many different sources to cover everything from imaging to pharmacology. Because there is not one concise textbook available, new graduates often find themselves resorting to Internet searches to answer simple questions as “what is the CPT code for a trigger point injection?”
Our purpose in writing this textbook is to create an easy to read yet com-prehensive resource for new graduates, providing clinical pearls and practical information for the aforementioned variety of topics.
We are grateful for the support of all our contributors from many different institutions, as well as the house staff, fellows, and attendings at Vanderbilt, the US Navy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. As physicians, we feel privileged to work with an incredible group of individuals who support our clinical activities each day. This includes our surgical colleagues, nursing, and support staff.
We are especially indebted to a number of individuals, whose unending support and encouragement made this work possible. These include Drs. Charles Vacanti, Edgar L. Ross, Tara Sheridan, and Karina Gritsenko. We would like to thank the Springer staff, including Michael Wilt and Shelley Reinhardt.
Finally, a very special thanks to our parents and families for their contin-ued encouragement, love, and support.
We hope you find this book practical and please provide feedback so we can make this as useful as possible as you endeavor as a new pain physician.
Boston, MA, USA R. Jason Yong Michael Nguyen Ehren Nelson Richard D. Urman
Preface
ix
Contents
Part I General
1 Anatomy and Physiology: Mechanisms of Nociceptive Transmission .................................................................................. 3Daniel Vardeh and Julian F. Naranjo
2 Pharmacology of Pain Transmission and Modulation............... 7Jürg Schliessbach and Konrad Maurer
3 Development of Pain Systems ...................................................... 11Ingrid A. Fitz-James Antoine, Karina Gritsenko, and Veronica Carullo
4 Peripheral and Central Sensitization .......................................... 15Daniel Vardeh and Julian F. Naranjo
5 Designing, Reporting, and Interpreting Clinical Research Studies ........................................................................... 19Steven Y. Chinn, Elizabeth Chuang, and Karina Gritsenko
6 Animal Models of Nociception and Pain ..................................... 23Kyle Silva, Karina Gritsenko, and Sayed E. Wahezi
7 Ethical Standards in Pain Management and Research ............. 25Jessica M. Tsukanov, Karina Gritsenko, and Daniel Tsukanov
8 Epidemiology ................................................................................. 27Steven Y. Chinn, Elizabeth Chuang, and Karina Gritsenko
Part II Assessment and Psychology of Pain
9 Pain Assessment ............................................................................ 33Michael P. Zaccagnino and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
10 Physical Exam of the Cranial Nerves .......................................... 39Daniel Vardeh
11 Neck ................................................................................................ 43Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
x
12 Shoulder ......................................................................................... 47Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
13 Elbow .............................................................................................. 51Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
14 Abdomen ........................................................................................ 55Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
15 Low Back ....................................................................................... 57Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
16 Hip .................................................................................................. 61Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
17 Knee ................................................................................................ 65Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
18 Ankle .............................................................................................. 69Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
19 Vascular .......................................................................................... 73Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
20 Dystonia ......................................................................................... 75Aaron Jay Yang and Nitin B. Jain
21 Pain Assessment Tools .................................................................. 77Michael P. Zaccagnino and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
22 Functional Assessment Tools ........................................................ 83Michael P. Zaccagnino and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
23 Placebo and Pain ........................................................................... 89William Caldwell and Karina Gritsenko
24 Cervical Spine Imaging: Normal Anatomy and Degenerative Disease ............................................................. 91Nehal A. Shah and Glenn C. Gaviola
25 Electrical Nerve Stimulation ........................................................ 99Carter H. Sigmon and Erik Davila-Moriel
26 Quantitative Sensory Testing: QST ............................................. 103Sivan Schipper and Konrad Maurer
27 Lumbar Spine Imaging: MRI ...................................................... 107Glenn C. Gaviola and Nehal A. Shah
28 Trigeminal Nerve Imaging ........................................................... 111Sami H. Erbay and Juan E. Small
29 Lumbar Spine Imaging: X-Ray and CT ..................................... 119Glenn C. Gaviola and Nehal A. Shah
30 Lumbar Spine Imaging: Myelography ....................................... 123Glenn C. Gaviola and Nehal A. Shah
Contents
xi
Part III Psychology
31 Psychosocial and Cultural Aspects of Pain ................................. 129Kathleen A. McChesney and Genelle Weits
32 Sex and Gender in Pain ................................................................ 133Priya Pinto, Devina Persaud, and Karina Gritsenko
Part IV Addiction
33 Addiction ........................................................................................ 137Claudia P. Rodriguez, Tyler Dodds, and Joji Suzuki
34 Addiction: Substance Abuse ........................................................ 143Brian Lockhart and Michael Nguyen
Part V Treatment of Pain
35 Pharmacology of Pain Transmission and Modulation............... 147Brian Lockhart and R. Jason Yong
36 Short-Acting Opioids .................................................................... 149Jessica S. Hellums and Edgar L. Ross
37 Long-Acting Opioids ..................................................................... 153Jessica S. Hellums and Edgar L. Ross
38 Methadone ..................................................................................... 157Robert M. Chow and Mohammed Issa
39 Buprenorphine .............................................................................. 159Robert M. Chow and Mohammed Issa
40 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications ........................... 161David J. Kim and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
41 Acetaminophen .............................................................................. 163David J. Kim and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
42 Tricyclic Antidepressants ............................................................. 165R. Jason Yong and Mohammed Issa
43 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ..................................... 167Robert M. Chow and Mohammed Issa
44 Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors ........................ 169Robert M. Chow and Mohammed Issa
45 Atypical Antipsychotics ................................................................ 171Sean J. Nabar and Ehren Nelson
46 Benzodiazepines ............................................................................ 173David J. Kim and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
Contents
xii
47 Anticonvulsants ............................................................................. 175Robert M. Chow and Mohammed Issa
48 Muscle Relaxants .......................................................................... 177Robert M. Chow and Mohammed Issa
49 Local Anesthetics .......................................................................... 179Robert M. Chow and Mohammed Issa
50 Corticosteroids .............................................................................. 181Mona Patel and R. Jason Yong
51 Immunoglobulin G ........................................................................ 185Yury Khelemsky, Karina Gritsenko, and Jason Litt
52 NMDA Antagonists ....................................................................... 187Karina Gritsenko, Adam Bromberg, and Yury Khelemsky
53 Antihistamines ............................................................................... 191Yury Khelemsky, Karina Gritsenko, and David Maerz
54 Sympatholytic Agents ................................................................... 193Yury Khelemsky, Karina Gritsenko, and Christopher Curatolo
55 Miscellaneous Adjuvant Analgesics ............................................ 197Yury Khelemsky, Karina Gritsenko, and Shahbaz Farnad
56 Serotonin Syndrome ..................................................................... 201Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon and Mohammed Issa
Part VI Psychological Treatments
57 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy ..................................................... 205Syed Hazique Mahmood
58 Behavioral Interventions .............................................................. 207Syed Hazique Mahmood
59 Psychiatric Comorbidities and Treatments ................................ 209Syed Hazique Mahmood
60 Stimulation-Produced Analgesia ................................................. 213Narayana Varhabhatla and Ehren Nelson
Part VII Interventional Pain Management
61 Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection: Cervical and Lumbar ................................................................... 219R. Jason Yong and Ehren Nelson
62 Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection ................. 223Yi Cai Isaac Tong and R. Jason Yong
63 Cervical Facet Injection/Medial Branch Block ......................... 227Yi Cai Isaac Tong and R. Jason Yong
Contents
xiii
64 Thoracic Facet Pain/Medial Branch Blocks ............................... 231Yi Cai Isaac Tong and R. Jason Yong
65 Lumbar Facet Block ..................................................................... 233M. Alice Vijjeswarapu and Edgar L. Ross
66 Lumbar Medial Branch Radiofrequency Lesioning .................. 237Yi Cai Isaac Tong and R. Jason Yong
67 Sacroiliac Joint Injection .............................................................. 241Yi Cai Isaac Tong and R. Jason Yong
68 Sacroiliac Joint Pain/ L5 Dorsal Ramus and S1–S3 Lateral Branch Radiofrequency Ablation .................................. 245Yi Cai Isaac Tong and R. Jason Yong
69 Lumbar, Thoracic, and Cervical Discography ........................... 249Michael P. Zaccagnino and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
70 Epidural Blood Patch ................................................................... 257Manuel Coradi, Sean J. Nabar, and Konrad Maurer
71 OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections for Chronic Migraine ............ 261Paul Rizzoli
72 Spasmodic Torticollis/Cervical Dystonia (CD) ........................... 263Daniel Vardeh
73 Occipital Nerve Block ................................................................... 265Daniel Vardeh
74 Supraorbital Nerve Block ............................................................. 269Daniel Vardeh
75 Auriculotemporal Nerve Block .................................................... 271Syed Irfan Qasim Ali and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
76 Trigeminal Nerve Block ................................................................ 275Maureen F. McClenahan and M. Gabriel Hillegass, III
77 Gasserian Ganglion Block ............................................................ 279Maureen F. McClenahan and M. Gabriel Hillegass, III
78 Stellate Ganglion Block ................................................................ 285Ross Gliniecki
79 Celiac Plexus Block ....................................................................... 289Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic and Syed Irfan Qasim Ali
80 Lumbar Sympathetic Block ......................................................... 293M. Gabriel Hillegass, III, John Damon Allen, and Thomas J. Moran
81 Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block ............................................. 297Ryan H. Nobles and M. Gabriel Hillegass, III
82 Ganglion of Impar Injection/Neurolysis ..................................... 301Erik P. Voogd
Contents
xiv
83 Brachial Plexus Blocks ................................................................. 303David Ende and Jose Luis Zeballos
84 Thoracic Paravertebral Block ...................................................... 313David Ende and Jose Luis Zeballos
85 Intercostal Nerve Block ................................................................ 319Daniel V.X. Friis and Konrad Maurer
86 Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block ............................... 321David Ende and Jose Luis Zeballos
87 Anterior (Abdominal) Cutaneous Nerve Block .......................... 325M. Gabriel Hillegass, III and Ryan H. Nobles
88 Ilioinguinal Nerve Block ............................................................... 329Anthony A. Tucker, M. Gabriel Hillegass, III, and Robert J. Mendez
89 Genitofemoral Nerve Block .......................................................... 333James Slotto and Robert Jeremy Hackworth
90 Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block ................................... 337Ian M. Fowler and Paul G. Maliakel
91 Piriformis Muscle Injection (Fluoroscopically Guided) ............ 341David V. Dent
92 Sonographically Guided Iliopsoas Injection ............................... 345David V. Dent and Jason Dauffenbach
93 Saphenous Nerve Block ................................................................ 349Thomas F. Olson and M. Gabriel Hillegass, III
94 Pudendal Nerve Block .................................................................. 353Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon and Assia T. Valovska
95 Trochanteric Bursa Injection ....................................................... 357David V. Dent
96 Ischial Bursa Injection .................................................................. 359David E. Gutierrez, Hana Azizi, Soo Yeon Kim, and Karina Gritsenko
97 Intra-articular Shoulder Joint Injection (Fluoroscopically Guided) ............................................................ 363David V. Dent
98 Intra-articular Hip Joint Injection (Fluoroscopically Guided) ............................................................ 367David V. Dent
99 Intra-articular Knee Joint Injection (Fluoroscopically Guided) ............................................................ 371David V. Dent
100 Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Joint Injection .................................. 375Phuong Uyen Le, Marline Sangnil, Karina Gritsenko, and Soo Yeon Kim
Contents
xv
101 Small Joint Injections ................................................................... 383Nehal A. Shah and Glenn C. Gaviola
Part VIII Surgical Pain Management
102 Intrathecal Drug Delivery ............................................................ 389Christopher R. Abrecht and Sanjeet Narang
103 Spinal Cord Stimulation ............................................................... 391Christopher R. Abrecht and Edgar L. Ross
104 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation ...................................................... 395Christopher R. Abrecht and Assia T. Valovska
105 Peripheral Nerve Field Electrostimulation ................................. 399Tara Sheridan
106 Minimally Invasive Ligamentum Decompression (MILD) Procedure ....................................................................................... 401Narayana Varhabhatla and Ehren Nelson
107 Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty ................................................. 403William J. Epps and M. Gabriel Hillegass, III
108 Radio-Frequency Venous Ablation .............................................. 407Aman Saw and Niharika Saw
109 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Physical Modalities, Orthoses, Assistive Devices, and Manipulation .......................... 411Aaron Jay Yang, Ryan Castoro, and Nitin B. Jain
110 Work Rehabilitation ..................................................................... 415Kathy Aligene, Akshay S. Garg, Karina Gritsenko, and Yury Khelemsky
111 Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Therapies (CAIT) .......................................................................... 419Janice E. Gellis
Part IX Clinical States
112 Taxonomy of Pain Systems ........................................................... 431Samuel Holmes and P. Jason Silvestri
113 Acute Pain ...................................................................................... 435Kay H. Lee and Karina Gritsenko
114 Cancer Pain: Assessment ............................................................. 439Niharika Saw and Michael Nguyen
115 Cancer Pain: Pharmacological Treatment.................................. 441J. Tasker Gundy and Michael Nguyen
116 Cancer Pain: Interventional Therapies ....................................... 445Niharika Saw and Michael Nguyen
Contents
xvi
117 Cancer Pain: Palliative Care ........................................................ 447Niharika Saw
118 Cervical Radicular Pain ............................................................... 449Andrew I. Gitkind and Karina Gritsenko
119 Neck Pain ....................................................................................... 453Andrew I. Gitkind and Karina Gritsenko
120 Lumbar Radicular Pain ............................................................... 457Erik Romanelli, Amaresh Vydynathan, and Karina Gritsenko
121 Low Back Pain ............................................................................... 461Kelly Yan Chen, Naum Shaparin, and Karina Gritsenko
122 Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ........................................ 465Jay M. Shah, Karina Gritsenko, and Sayed E. Wahezi
123 Musculoskeletal Pain .................................................................... 469Daniel Tsukanov, Karina Gritsenko, and Jessica M. Tsukanov
124 Muscle Pain and Myofascial Pain ................................................ 473Naum Shaparin, Diana M. Nguyen, and Karina Gritsenko
125 Fibromyalgia.................................................................................. 477Melinda A. Aquino, Cindy K. Hernandez, and Karina Gritsenko
126 Piriformis Syndrome ..................................................................... 479M. Brigid Maruszak and Tara Sheridan
127 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ............................................................. 483Naum Shaparin, Diana M. Nguyen, and Karina Gritsenko
128 Compression Fracture Pain ......................................................... 485Ilan Margulis and Joseph C. Hung
129 Post-thoracotomy Pain Syndrome: PTPS ................................... 489Lucian M. Macrea and Konrad Maurer
130 Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome ................................................ 491Ilan Margulis, Keith A. Clement, and Joseph C. Hung
131 Peripheral Vascular Disease ......................................................... 495Michael Nguyen and Jackson Cohen
132 Chronic Venous Insufficiency ...................................................... 497Mary So, Namrata Khimani, and Michael Ngyuen
133 Sphenopalatine Ganglion: Function and Block ......................... 501Satish Vembu, Boleslav Kosharskyy, and Karina Gritsenko
134 Phantom Limb Pain ...................................................................... 503Sivan Schipper and Konrad Maurer
135 Visceral Pain Syndromes .............................................................. 507Daniel Pak and Joseph C. Hung
Contents
xvii
136 Chronic Urogenital Pain ............................................................... 511Gary Kim, Boleslav Kosharskyy, and Karina Gritsenko
137 Labor Pain ..................................................................................... 515Dominique Arce and Holly Ende
Part X Headache and Facial Pain
138 Migraine Headaches ..................................................................... 521Paul Rizzoli
139 Tension-Type Headache ................................................................ 525Paul Rizzoli
140 Cluster Headaches ........................................................................ 527Paul Rizzoli
141 Medication Overuse Headache .................................................... 531Paul Rizzoli
142 Occipital Neuralgia ....................................................................... 533Paul Rizzoli
143 Trigeminal Neuralgia .................................................................... 535Paul Rizzoli
144 Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs): Cluster Headache, Paroxysmal Hemicranias, SUNCT, SUNA ............... 537Paul Rizzoli
Part XI Nerve Damage
145 Neuropathic Pain ........................................................................... 541Christopher R. Abrecht and Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic
146 Diabetic Neuropathy ..................................................................... 545Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic and Syed Irfan Qasim Ali
147 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome .............................................. 549Ankur Dave
148 Post-Herpetic Neuralgia ............................................................... 553Daniel Pak and Joseph C. Hung
Part XII Special Cases
149 Pain in Older Adults ..................................................................... 559J. Tasker Gundy
150 Words That Hurt, Words That Help! .......................................... 563Heidi Nelson, Suyin G.M. Tan, and Allan M. Cyna
151 How to Communicate with Patients in Pain ............................... 567Cheryl S. Chooi, Suyin G.M. Tan, and Allan M. Cyna
Contents
xviii
152 Hypnosis for Pain Relief ............................................................... 571Johanna Saltis, Suyin G.M. Tan, and Allan M. Cyna
153 Regenerative Medicine for Pain Management ........................... 575Halland Chen, Joseph Purita, and Michael Nguyen
Index ....................................................................................................... 581
Contents
xix
Christopher R. Abrecht, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Syed Irfan Qasim Ali, MD Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Kathy Aligene, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
John Damon Allen, DO, MSPT Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
Ingrid A. Fitz-James Antoine, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Melinda A. Aquino, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Dominique Arce, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Hana Azizi, MD Rehabilitation Department, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Adam Bromberg, BA, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Manhattan, NY, USA
William Caldwell, DO Department of Anesthesiology/Pain Management, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Veronica Carullo, MD, FAAP Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Ryan Castoro, DO Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Halland Chen, MD Private Practice, New York, NY, USA
Kelly Yan Chen, BS Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Steven Y. Chinn, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Contributors
xx
Cheryl S. Chooi, MBBS Dept of Women’s Anesthesia, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Robert M. Chow, MD Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
Elizabeth Chuang, MD, MPH Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Keith A. Clement, ANP Department of Anesthesia Pain and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Jackson Cohen, MD Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, USA
Manuel Coradi, MD Institute for Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
Christopher Curatolo, MD, MEM Department of Anesthesiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Allan M. Cyna, FRCA, FANZCA, PhD Department of Women’s Anaesthesia, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Jason Dauffenbach, DO Pain Management, Mayo Clinic Health System Mankato, Mankato, MN, USA
Ankur Dave, MD Alexian Brothers Neurosciences Institute, Eberle Medical Building, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA
Erik Davila-Moriel, MD Department of Anesthesia, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
David V. Dent, DO, MPH Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
Tyler Dodds, MD The Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, MA, USA
David Ende, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Holly Ende, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
William J. Epps, MD Pain Consultants at Piedmont, Stockbridge, GA, USA
Sami H. Erbay, MD Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA, USA
Shahbaz Farnad, MD Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Ian M. Fowler, MD Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Daniel V.X. Friis, MD Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Contributors
xxi
Akshay S. Garg, MD Pain Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Glenn C. Gaviola, MD Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Janice E. Gellis, MD Anesthesiology, Pain Management Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
Andrew I. Gitkind, MD Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Ross Gliniecki, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
Karina Gritseko, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
J. Tasker Gundy, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
David E. Gutierrez, MD Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Robert Jeremy Hackworth, MD Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Jessica S. Hellums, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Cindy K. Hernandez, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
M. Gabriel Hillegass, III, MD Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Samuel Holmes, MD Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pain Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Gig Harbor, WA, USA
Joseph C. Hung, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Mohammed Issa, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Nitin B. Jain, MD, MSPH Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
Yury Khelemsky, MD Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Namrata Khimani, MD Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Contributors
xxii
David J. Kim, MD, MS Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
Gary Kim, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Soo Yeon Kim, MD Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Boleslav Kosharskyy, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Phuong Uyen Le, DO Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Kay H. Lee, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Jason Litt, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Brian Lockhart, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Lucian M. Macrea, MD Swiss Pain Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
David Maerz, MD, BS Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Syed Hazique Mahmood, MD Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA
Paul G. Maliakel, MD Anesthesia, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Ilan Margulis, MD Department of Anesthesiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center, Manhattan, NY, USA
M. Brigid Maruszak, DO Department of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Konrad Maurer, MD Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Kathleen A. McChesney, PsyD Department of Surgical Services, Pain Medicine Center, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
Maureen F. McClenahan, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
Robert J. Mendez, DO Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
Thomas J. Moran, DO Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
Contributors
xxiii
Sean J. Nabar, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Sanjeet Narang, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Julian F. Naranjo, MD Comprehensive Interventional Pain Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Pain Management Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Ehren Nelson, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Heidi Nelson, BMLSC, BHB, MBChB, FANZCA Department of Anesthetics, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
Diana M. Nguyen, MSIII Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center—Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Milpitas, CA, USA
Michael Nguyen, MD Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Ryan H. Nobles, MD Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Thomas F. Olson, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, USA
Daniel Pak, MD Department of Anesthesiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Mona Patel, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Devina Persaud, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Priya Pinto, MD Division of Palliative Medicine and Bioethics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
Joseph Purita, MD Private Practice, Boca Raton, FL, USA
Paul Rizzoli, MD Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Claudia P. Rodriguez, MD Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Erik Romanelli, MD, MPh Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Edgar L. Ross, MD Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Johanna Saltis, BSc, PhD School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Marline Sangnil, MD Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Aman Saw, MD Department of Cardiology, John Muir Health, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
Niharika Saw, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
Sivan Schipper, MD Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Zürich, Switzerland
Jürg Schliessbach, MD University Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Jay M. Shah, MD Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Interventional Pain Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Nehal A. Shah, MD Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Naum Shaparin, MD Multidisciplinary Pain Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Tara Sheridan, MD Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, United Pain Center, San Diego, CA, USA
Carter H. Sigmon, MD, MHA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Department of Comprehensive Combat and Complex Casualty Care (C5), Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Department of Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Kyle Silva, DO Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
P. Jason Silvestri, DO Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
James Slotto, MD Anesthesiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Juan E. Small, MD, MSc Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA, USA
Mary So, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Contributors
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Joji Suzuki, MD Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Suyin G.M. Tan, MBBS, FRCA, FANZCA, FFPMANZCA Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
Yi Cai Isaac Tong, MD Department of Pain Management, Kaiser Permanente, Modesto Medical Offices, Modesto, CA, USA
Daniel Tsukanov, DO Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hunter Holmes VA McGuire, Richmond, VA, USA
Jessica M. Tsukanov, DO Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
Anthony A. Tucker, MD Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
Assia T. Valovska, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Daniel Vardeh, MD Interventional Headache and Neck Pain Management, Department of Neurology and Anesthesia, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
Narayana Varhabhatla, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Satish Vembu, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
M. Alice Vijjeswarapu, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Erik P. Voogd, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Amaresh Vydynathan, MD, MS Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Sayed E. Wahezi, MD Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Anesthesia, Division of Pain Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
Genelle Weits, PhD Adult Outpatient Mental Health, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
Aaron Jay Yang, MD Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
R. Jason Yong, MD, MBA Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Contributors
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Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Michael P. Zaccagnino, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Jose Luis Zeballos, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Contributors
