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PAJARITO POWDER, LLC Engineered Catalyst Supports for Durable Electrocatalysts 1 Hannover Messe 2017
PAJARITO POWDER, LLCEngineered Catalyst Supports
for Durable Electrocatalysts
1Hannover Messe 2017
124
6955 53
4030
0
50
100
150
Cos
t per
KW
($U
SD)
Fuel Cell System Cost(500,000 FCEV/Year)
45% of Stack Cost is Catalyst
27%
10%
8%
5%
5%
Bipolar Plates
Membranes
Balance of Stack
GDE
Frames/Gaskets
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record #: 15015 Fuel Cell System Cost - 20155
00,20,40,60,81Durability
Stability
Cost @ 10K vehicles
Cost @ 500K vehicles
Manufacturability
Performance
Pt/C
Platinum on Carbon
7
6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1402
Inte
nsity
, nor
mal
ized
PtPtNi
65 67 69 71 73 75
Pt PtNi
Organic Precursors
Heat Treatment
Pore & Particle Forming Agents
Pt/Pt Alloy Deposition
Engineered Catalyst Support
Manufacturing Approach
00,20,40,60,81Durability
Stability
Cost @ 10K vehicles
Cost @ 500K vehicles
Manufacturability
Performance
Pt/CPMFECS
Pajarito Powder ECS
9
Optimized across multiple criteria:• Resistance to corrosion (durability)• Resistance to Pt mobility (stability)• High performance at low Pt loadings
Targeted morphology:• Pore size distribution• Particle size distribution• Surface area• Surface functionalization
Engineered Catalyst Supports
5.5-40 nm and combination of these pore sizes achieved
Pore Size Control
Variable Surface Area
Surface area control over 400-800m2/gr
range while maintaining pore
size by BJHdesorption
10nm40nm
Pore inter-connectivity is evident by SEM and implied by surface area and pore size distribution
Pore Inter-Connectivity
200120022003200
Inte
nsity
, nor
mal
ized
Raman Shift, 1/cm
ECS Gen 2ECS Gen 1XC72Graphite
DG
G` (2D)
Variable Surface Area
Higher graphitization leads to more
corrosion resistance but also lower ECSA
– 1-5nm graphite crystallite size
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1402
Inte
nsity
, nor
mal
ized
PtPtNi
65 67 69 71 73 75
Pt PtNi2-5 nm Pt and phase-pure Pt
alloys optimized Pt deposition
In-House Pt Deposition
MEA Fabrication & Testing
Carver 3860 heated press~6+ minutes 131oC+75psi for 25cm2
60psi for 50cm2
Silverson high shear mixer2-5wt% solids Ink
Sonitek ExactCoat25kHz sonic nozzle2-200mgr/cm2/pass
Membrane Cathode (GDE)
Anode (GDE)
Gasket (PTFE coated fiberglass)
Gasket (PTFE coated fiberglass)
Weigh paper
Weigh paper
1/8" Machined stainless steel
1/8" Machined stainless steel
MEA Fabrication & Testing
Accelerated stress test
Higher Performance
BOL
EOL
BOL
Commercial Catalyst Engineered Carbon Support
EOL
Volts
(iR
unco
rrect
ed)
0.86
0
.90
0.
93
10
@ OCV
Longer Life
I (A/cm2)
0.3
0.5
0
.7
0.9
Volts
(iR
unco
rrect
ed)
11
ECSadvantage
OCV Before & After Accelerated Stress Test
Electrode Construction: XL Nafion membrane, 45wt% 1100 EW ionomer, Sigracet 29BC GDLCathode: 0.1mgPt/cm
2
Anode: 0.05mgPt/cm2
Operating Conditions: 100% RH, 1.5H2:2.5 Air, P=2barg
EOL: After carbon corrosion support accelerated stress test (5,000 cycles of 1‐1.5V 500mV/S using H2:N2 in MEA)
OCV and shape of curve show need for improved electrode construction Excellent BOL and durability confirmed
00,20,40,60,81Durability
Stability
Cost @ 10K vehicles
Cost @ 500K vehicles
Manufacturability
Performance
Pt/CPMFECS
Pajarito Powder ECS
9
Pt/C Cost from DOE “Fuel Cell System Cost – 2015”; Pt price fixed at 2015 levels
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2015 2016 2020 2030
Cat
alys
t Pric
e ($
USD
/KW
)
Comparison of Pt/C to Pt/ECS Cost
Pt/C Pt/ECS
Expected reduction of ~$10/kW at scale (2015 Pt prices)
Lower Cost
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U.S. Department of EnergyARPA-EEERE – Fuel Cell Technology Office
Incubator ProgramSmall Business Innovation ResearchSmall Business Vouchers
14
Grant Funding
Los Alamos National LaboratoryUniversity of New MexicoInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique
Nearly 50 patents worldwide, applied and issued
15
Excellent Sources of IP
Alia Lubers, Catalyst Manufacturing Manager ([email protected])Tom Stephenson, CEO & Chairman ([email protected])
Barr Zulevi, CTO & President ([email protected]) Webb Johnson, Senior Director of Business Development ([email protected])
Saburo Hori, Director of Business Development Asia ([email protected])Yun Li, China Business Liaison ([email protected])
HYDROGEN+ FUEL CELL+BATTERIES Group Exhibit Hall 27, at booth B76
Pajarito Powder, LLCAlbuquerque, NM 87109, USA
+1 (505) 293‐5367www.pajaritopowder.com
PajaritoPowder.com
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