Summary The month of July is important because the country’s GDP contributing cash crops of Pakistan i.e., cotton, sugar- cane and rice are in the field through- out the country. The distinct features of Kharif season 2013 such as heat wave, spatial monsoon rains, irrigation water shortage and in progress rice transplantation are evident from NDVI images of July where Punjab and Sindh are attaining uniformity in term of vegetation growth. Besides NDVI change images, the satellite based Nor- malized Difference Water Index (NDWI) images of July show spatially scattered rainfall and irrigation pattern regime. This month witnessed variable mon- soon systems across different provinc- es. In Punjab, five distinct spells of rains were observed during 6-11, 14-15, 17- 18, 19-21 and 24-26 July. In Sindh, two distinct spells of rains were observed during 4-7 and 12-15 July while in Khy- ber Pakhtunkhwa, two distinct spells of rains were observed during 6-12 and 14-18 July. Balochistan has received the least monsoon rainfall during 10-14 July 2013. The early sown cotton crop (cultivated in March) is at picking stage in Sahiwal division of Punjab. The early cotton crop is mainly affected by heat wave (May) and insect pests. In rest of southern Punjab, farmers follow nor- mal cotton cultivation during May-June. In southern Sindh, cotton is affected by the shortage of irrigation water cou- pled with less rains and brackish un- derground water. In some areas of southern Sindh & Punjab minor pest attacks of thrips, whitefly, bollworms and mealy bug have been reported by the local authorities. The new cotton crop will start arriving in ginning factories during August. The cotton prices in Pakistan are linked to the international market. Cotlook ‘A’ Index during July remains in the range of Rs. 7005 to Rs. 7442 per maund. In Punjab, seed cotton prices re- mained in the range of Rs 2850 - 3100 per 40 Kgs. During the month of July, in Sindh the prices of seed cotton (Phutti) was in the range of Rs. 2950 to 3200 per 40 Kgs. Lint prices ranged from Rs. 6,500 to 6,700 per maund (37.32 Kgs) both in Sindh and Punjab. The SUPARCO second fore- cast of cropped area, yield and production at + 5% error for cotton 2013- 14 is 3497 000’ ha, 698 kg/ha and 14361 000’ bales, respectively. Sugarcane crop is performing relatively better, mainly because of more rainfall and less pest attacks in Punjab. However, in Sindh shortage of water was reported which may affect production slightly. The sugar mills are expected to start milling in November. The support prices of sugar- cane are yet to be announced. The second forecast of area, yield and production at + 5% error for sugarcane 2013-14 is 1331 000’ ha, 52.6 tons/ha and 70 million tons, respectively. The transplantation of rice will be completed by mid-August depending upon supply of irrigation water. Due to availability of adequate water and early pre-monsoon rains, transplanting from nursery has almost been completed in the major basmati tract of Punjab. Sindh province is facing shortage of water to complete the rice transplantation in time. Almost 75% coarse rice has already been transplanted in major tract of Sindh and Balochistan. Remaining 25% will be completed by mid of August depend- ing upon availability of irrigation water. As per the report of NFDC, the total nutrient offtake during April-July is 1238.9 000’ tons which is lower by 4% as compared to last year. Nitrogen offtake in July has decreased by 9%, while that of phosphate has increased by around 28%. Water situation in reservoirs is comparatively better than last year. At PAK-SCMS BULLETIN Crop Situation: July, 2013 PAKISTAN: SATELLITE BASED CROP MONITORING SYSTEM Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No. 32 1-August-2013 Pakistan Satellite based Crop Monitoring System Bulletin is a joint monthly publication of SUPARCO and FAO, UN. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 31 st July, 2013 Prelude: SUPARCO, the National Space Agency of Pakistan, has developed algorithms, techniques and proce- dures for a fast track release of reliable and reproducible information on agriculture. FAO, UN is contrib- uting in improvement of this bulletin through provision of technical ad- vice. The other organizations collab- orating in this endeavor are: Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) Provincial Crop Reporting Services (PCRS) National Fertilizer Develop- ment Center (NFDC) and Indus River System Authority (IRSA). Crop Situation July, 2013 1-4 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Crop Growth Profiles at Divisional & Provincial level 5-7 Vegetation Difference 31 st July, 2013 8 Temporal Vegetation changes 9-11 Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) 12-13 Agro-met Conditions: July, 2013 14 Cumulative Rainfall July, 2012-13 15-16 Minimum-Maximum Temperature: July, 17-18 Irrigation Water Sup- ply Situation: July, 2013 19 Daily Hydrological Status at Indus Basin: July, 2013 20 Water Reservoirs: Storage/Depletion 21 Flood Monitoring, 2013 22 Fertilizer Situation: July, 2013 23 Field View Sindh: July, 2013 24-25 Field View Punjab: July, 2013 26 Crops Statistics 27 Inside this issue: Government of Pakistan
Transcript
Summary
The month of July is important because
the country’s GDP contributing cash
crops of Pakistan i.e., cotton, sugar-
cane and rice are in the field through-
out the country. The distinct features
of Kharif season 2013 such as heat
wave, spatial monsoon rains, irrigation
water shortage and in progress rice
transplantation are evident from NDVI
images of July where Punjab and Sindh
are attaining uniformity in term of
vegetation growth. Besides NDVI
change images, the satellite based Nor-malized Difference Water Index
(NDWI) images of July show spatially
scattered rainfall and irrigation pattern
regime.
This month witnessed variable mon-
soon systems across different provinc-
es. In Punjab, five distinct spells of rains
were observed during 6-11, 14-15, 17-
18, 19-21 and 24-26 July. In Sindh, two
distinct spells of rains were observed
during 4-7 and 12-15 July while in Khy-
ber Pakhtunkhwa, two distinct spells of
rains were observed during 6-12 and
14-18 July. Balochistan has received
the least monsoon rainfall during 10-14
July 2013.
The early sown cotton crop (cultivated
in March) is at picking stage in Sahiwal
division of Punjab. The early cotton
crop is mainly affected by heat wave
(May) and insect pests. In rest of
southern Punjab, farmers follow nor-
mal cotton cultivation during May-June.
In southern Sindh, cotton is affected by
the shortage of irrigation water cou-
pled with less rains and brackish un-
derground water. In some areas of
southern Sindh & Punjab minor pest
attacks of thrips, whitefly, bollworms
and mealy bug have been reported by
the local authorities.
The new cotton crop will start arriving
in ginning factories during August. The
cotton prices in Pakistan are linked to
the international market. Cotlook ‘A’
Index during July remains in the range
of Rs. 7005 to Rs. 7442 per maund. In Punjab, seed cotton prices re-
mained in the range of Rs 2850 - 3100 per 40 Kgs. During the month of
July, in Sindh the prices of seed cotton (Phutti) was in the range of Rs.
2950 to 3200 per 40 Kgs. Lint prices ranged from Rs. 6,500 to 6,700 per
maund (37.32 Kgs) both in Sindh and Punjab. The SUPARCO second fore-
cast of cropped area, yield and production at + 5% error for cotton 2013-
14 is 3497 000’ ha, 698 kg/ha and 14361 000’ bales, respectively.
Sugarcane crop is performing relatively better, mainly because of more
rainfall and less pest attacks in Punjab. However, in Sindh shortage of water was reported which may affect production slightly. The sugar mills
are expected to start milling in November. The support prices of sugar-
cane are yet to be announced. The second forecast of area, yield and
production at + 5% error for sugarcane 2013-14 is 1331 000’ ha, 52.6
tons/ha and 70 million tons, respectively.
The transplantation of rice will be completed by mid-August depending
upon supply of irrigation water. Due to availability of adequate water and
early pre-monsoon rains, transplanting from nursery has almost been
completed in the major basmati tract of Punjab. Sindh province is facing
shortage of water to complete the rice transplantation in time. Almost
75% coarse rice has already been transplanted in major tract of Sindh and
Balochistan. Remaining 25% will be completed by mid of August depend-
ing upon availability of irrigation water.
As per the report of NFDC, the total nutrient offtake during April-July is
1238.9 000’ tons which is lower by 4% as compared to last year. Nitrogen
offtake in July has decreased by 9%, while that of phosphate has increased
by around 28%.
Water situation in reservoirs is comparatively better than last year. At
PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
Crop Situation: July, 2013
PAKISTAN: SATELLITE BASED CROP MONITORING SYSTEM
Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No. 32 1-August-2013
Pakistan Satellite based Crop Monitoring System Bulletin is a joint monthly publication of SUPARCO and FAO, UN.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 31st July, 2013
Prelude: SUPARCO, the National Space
Agency of Pakistan, has developed
algorithms, techniques and proce-
dures for a fast track release of
reliable and reproducible information
on agriculture. FAO, UN is contrib-
uting in improvement of this bulletin
through provision of technical ad-
vice. The other organizations collab-
orating in this endeavor are:
Pakistan Meteorological
Department (PMD)
Provincial Crop Reporting Services (PCRS)
National Fertilizer Develop-ment Center (NFDC) and
Indus River System Authority (IRSA).
Crop Situation July,
2013 1-4
Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index
(NDVI): Crop Growth
Profiles at Divisional &
Provincial level
5-7
Vegetation Difference
31st July, 2013 8
Temporal Vegetation
changes 9-11
Normalized Difference
Water Index (NDWI) 12-13
Agro-met Conditions:
July, 2013 14
Cumulative Rainfall
July, 2012-13 15-16
Minimum-Maximum
Temperature: July, 17-18
Irrigation Water Sup-
ply Situation: July, 2013 19
Daily Hydrological
Status at Indus Basin:
July, 2013 20
Water Reservoirs:
Storage/Depletion 21
Flood Monitoring, 2013 22
Fertilizer Situation:
July, 2013 23
Field View Sindh: July,
2013 24-25
Field View Punjab: July,
2013 26
Crops Statistics 27
Inside this issue:
Government of Pakistan
Page 2 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
the end of July, the water levels in Tarbela and Mangla dams were 1531 and 1209.40 feet amsl, respectively. The sources of water storage in
dams are rainfall and snow/glaciers melting from May to September. The water stored during this period is a major factor of irrigation water
supply in the next Rabi 2013-14. Water accumulation in Tarbela and Mangla dams reservoirs started in early June 2013. Total water accumulat-
ed in both reservoirs is at 8.521MAF.
Methodology Used for crop Forecasting The data on wheat and spring maize crops are based on analysis of satellite imagery of 5 m panchromatic and 10 m multispectral modes ac-
quired from SPOT constellation. The crop forecasting for Kharif crops during May and June is based on trend lines. The final estimates will be
based on receipt of high resolution satellite data to assure high confidence level with degree of error of around ± 2.5 percent. The schedule for
release of statistics of Kharif crops 2013-14 is as follows:
Kharif Crops Situation:
The perceptible features of Kharif season 2013 mainly include (a) Strong heat wave extending into early season of cotton crop (b) Good pre-
monsoon and monsoon rainfall in Punjab with few in Sindh and Balochistan provinces (c) Water shortage may have marginally reduced sown
area in major cotton growing districts of Sindh (d) Sugarcane 2013-14 has better prospects in term of area and growing conditions in both
Punjab and Sindh and (e) Rice transplantation in Punjab is almost complete while in Sindh some areas are affected by water shortage and are to
be planted. Economic Survey of Pakistan for year 2012-13 has been released by Ministry of Finance (MoF). The Agriculture sector is set to ac-
count for over 21.4 percent of GDP. The four major crops wheat (2.2%), maize (0.5%), rice (0.6%), cotton (1.5%) and sugarcane (0.7%) account
for 5.4 percent on average to GDP. Among them, the three major crops cotton, rice and sugarcane are Kharif crops.
Cotton
Cotton in Pakistan is mainly concentrated in central & southern Punjab along left bank of Indus river in Sindh. The areas in Sindh include south-
ern parts of Mirpur Khas, Sanghar, Umerkot, Khairpur, Sukkur and Shaheed Benazirabad. The early sown cotton crop cultivated during March/
April was affected by high temperature during May and was mostly re-sown in Punjab.
This early sown cotton represent less than 5% of total Punjab production. The crop which received enough irrigation through canals/tube wells
has reached flowering /boll opening stage. Normally, early sown cotton crop farmers practice cotton-fallow-cotton crop rotation and are con-
sidered progressive in farming community. This early sown cotton crop is mostly confined to Sahiwal division. Rest of southern Punjab farmers
follow normal cotton cultivation during May-June after the harvesting of wheat. Cotton in southern parts is mostly affected by shortage of the
irrigation water coupled with less rains and non availability of the underground water in Sindh. Stressed cotton with poor germinated fields
have been observed in the districts of Sanghar, Umerkot and Mirpur Khas. Multiple picking of few maunds are very common practice of farmers in southern Sindh to increase the profits. Cotton can be picked for 10-16 times during entire season. Cotton in Shaheed Benazirabad, Sukkur,
Month Crops Decadal Error (%)
May Sugarcane
± 7.5
June Cotton
± 7.5
August
Sugarcane, Cotton ± 5.0
Rice and Maize
± 7.5
September Rice, Maize ± 5.0
October All above crops ± 2.5
Page 3 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Ghotki and Khairpur is normal and picking is expected to start by end July or early August. A decrease in the cotton area has been reported
against the targeted crop area in Sindh. According to many cotton growers interviewed during survey, the main reason for decrease in the cot-
ton cultivated area is shortage of irrigation water. Water shortage at the sowing time is also said to have resulted in lower plantation of the
cotton crop. Insect pest attacks (thrips, whitefly for CLCV, bollworms and mealy bug) insect pest attacks have been reported by the local au-
thorities in some areas of southern Sindh and Punjab. Appropriate measures have been taken to keep the crop damage within the economic
threshold.
In major cotton growing districts of Punjab and Sindh, the monsoon rains have shown a significant difference in terms of impact on crop water
requirement to sink the extreme temperature during day time and dissipate energy at night. However, there have been no frequent rains in the
cotton growing belt of Southern Punjab and Sindh districts; therefore cotton crop was safe from the rain-related pest / virus attacks. Only dis-
tricts of Bahawalnagar, Jhang, Rahim Yar Khan, Multan and Mianwali have received above average rainfall. High humidity pockets may have re-
quired special measures for cotton pests control in the months of July and August.
The cotton crop 2013-14 will start arriving into the ginneries in August. In Sindh, the price of seed cotton (Kapas / Phutti) were in the range of
Rs. 2950 to 3200 per 40 Kgs during July. In Punjab, seed cotton prices remained between Rs. 2850-3100 per 40 Kgs. Lint prices are in the range
of Rs. 6,500 to 6,625 per maund (37.32 Kgs). ICE cotton index (Cotlook ‘A’ Index) remains in the range of 7005 to 7442 PKR per maund as
show in the graph.
Page 4 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
The first forecast for cotton 2013-14 released by SUPARCO in June is reproduced as under:
Sugarcane Sugarcane is a very important cash crop of Pakistan. It is mainly cultivated in central & southern Punjab and along left bank of Indus River in
Sindh. The districts are Hyderabad, Matiri, Nausheroferoze, Tando Muhammad Khan, Tando Allah Yar, Sukkur, Khairpur and Naushahro
Feroze. The major sugarcane growing districts of Punjab are Jhang, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Layyah, Toba Tek Singh, Chiniot, Mandi Bahauddin,
Kasur, and Rahim Yar Khan. In Sindh, the sugarcane crop is mostly sown during September and the length of the growing cycle is around 12-14
months. Where as in Punjab, it is sown during February and the growing cycle is shorter by two months to that of Sindh. Furthermore, in Sindh
the most distinctive phenomenon is the flowering in sugarcane which is not common in Punjab. Some parts of central Punjab, especially in Sar-
godha and surrounding districts, it is reported that crop is infested by red rot disease causing economic losses to the cane farmers. Overall the
crop is performing better due to sufficient rainfall and reduced pest attacks during the season in Punjab. These timely rains would be beneficial
for increase in sugarcane production. However in Sindh, shortage of water reported may have a slightly detrimental effect on the production.
There have been no frequent rains in the sugarcane growing belt of Central & Southern Punjab, Sindh and KP districts. Only districts of Mandi
Bahauddin, Mianwali and Sargodha have received enough rainfall favorable for its growth. Most of the districts in Sindh have received less mon-
soon rains during July and the resulting decrease in canal irrigation will affect the final yield.
The first forecast for sugarcane 2013-14 released by SUPARCO in June is reproduced as under:
The initial ground observation show an increase in sugarcane area both in Sindh and Punjab mainly due to expected high cash returns. The sup-
port prices of sugarcane have swiftly increased from Rs. 60 to Rs. 172 mainly due to an increased rate of agricultural inputs and inflation since
2007-08. This sharp increase in the price is misleading in assuming that there has been an increase in the profit of cane growers for this is not
the case due to the role of middlemen and monopoly of the sugar mills. According to SUPARCO estimates, there would be an increase around
3% in area of sugarcane as compared to the previous year.
Rice Third important kharif crop is rice which cultivates in all four provinces of Pakistan. The best Basmati rice is limited to the North Eastern parts
of Punjab. The Coarse varieties of rice are sown at different acreage levels in Punjab, right bank districts of Sindh (Badin and Thatta). In Balochi-
stan the major Coarse rice areas are Nasirabad and Jaffarabad. Coarse rice is also grown in different parts of KP, mainly Swat, Mansehra, Upper
& Lower Dir and D.I.Khan. It is a water loving crop with shorter growing cycle. Due to availability of adequate water and early pre-moonsoon,
planting from nursery has been almost completed in the major basmati tract districts of Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Nankana Sahib,
Sialkot, Narowal, Mandi Bahauddin and Gujarat. These districts produce best varieties of rice including Basmati 370, Super Basmati, Super Ker-
nal, Basmati 386, Basmati 385 and Basmati 198. In rest of the Punjab, the sowing of coarse rice is completed by end of July. Sindh province is
facing shortage of water to complete the rice cultivation in time. Almost 75% coarse rice has already been transplanted in major tract of Sindh
and Balochistan. Remaining 25% will be completed by mid August depending on availability of irrigation water. However, there have been fre-
quent good rains in the basmati tract of Punjab. Whereas, coarse rice growing districts of Punjab and Sindh have received less than average rain-
fall and any deficit in canal irrigation will affect the final yield. Only districts of Mandi Bahauddin, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Lahore and Mianwali
have received sufficient rainfall suitable for growth.
Provinces
Cotton 2013-14: First Forecast
Area Yield Production Error %
000 ha kg/ha 000 bales
Punjab 2783 627.5 10273
± 7.5 Sindh 696 763 3124
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 036 485 103
Pakistan 3512 653.5 13501
Provinces
Sugarcane 2013-14: First Forecast
Area Yield Production Error %
000 ha tons per ha Million tons
Punjab 872.7 55.8 48.697
± 7.5 Sindh 298.2 56.8 16.938
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 98.5 44.5 4.383
Pakistan 1269.4 55.2 70.071
Page 5 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Page
SUPARCO is acquiring MODIS 250 m resolution data on daily basis and SPOT VGT data on 10 daily basis to assess crop growth. SPOT-5 high
resolution data are being acquired during each cropping season to assess land surface changes in image classification. The SPOT VGT based
graphs depicting temporal changes for various regions are as follows:
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level
Page 6 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level
Page 7 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Crop Growth Profile at Provincial level
Page 8 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
Satellite Imagery: SPOT VGT 1000m
Vegetation Change July 2013 vs. July 2012
Vegetation Change: July 2013 vs. June 2013 (Crop Growth)
Page 9 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Temporal Change: Kallar Tract, Punjab
Satellite Imagery: MODIS 250m
Temporal Change: Sahiwal Division, Punjab
Maturity Active Growth Harvesting Sowing/Land preparation
Page 10 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
Satellite Imagery: MODIS 250m
Temporal Change: Indus delta, Sindh
Temporal Change: Southern Punjab
Maturity Active Growth Sowing/Land preparation Harvesting
Temporal Change: Larkana Division, Sindh
Page 11 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Temporal Change: Sindh
Satellite Imagery: MODIS 250m Maturity Active Growth Sowing/Land preparation
Temporal Change: Peshawar Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Temporal Change: Pat Feeder Area of Balochistan
Harvesting
Page 12 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)
The NDWI is expressed with the following equation:
NDWI = (NIR - SWIR)/ (NIR + SWIR)
The NDWI image is shown here to give the water index status of agricultural cropped area. Monthly difference image between last month
(June) and current conditions (July) shows the change in NDWI. NDWI image of July shows that rains in Potohar and Punjab North Eastern
parts are on higher side. This also indicates that rice growing areas in Punjab and Sindh are mostly irrigated.
Water is an important growth input factor which is required to ensure crop productivity. Information availability on spatio-temporal
distribution of water as an indicator for agriculture is limited. Satellite based Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) is an effective index
to identify the spatial variability of the water on earth surface including agriculture, forest, desert, mountains (below clips).
Page 13 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Page 14 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
Agro-Met Conditions: July (2012 and 2013)
The agro met conditions in July were as follows:
a) Rainfall: Light rain showers in wide spread spells were observed in July, 2013. However, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit/Baltistan and Azad
Kashmir received slightly higher rainfall than Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. The rainfall at various stations is given on next page.
b) Temperature: Both maximum and minimum temperature remained higher in May up to early June, 2013 than last two years. After 12 th
June, 2013 temperature tends to decreased due to pre-monsoon rains.
Monthly Cumulative Precipitation:
Monthly Mean (Max & Min) Temperatures: July, 2013
Mean Min Temperature
Disputed Territory
July 2013
Disputed Territory
Mean Max Temperature
Disputed Territory
July 2012
Disputed Territory
Page 15 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Cumulative Rainfall (mm) of July (2012 and 2013)
PUNJAB
STATIONS July-13 July-12 STATIONS July-13 July-12
BAHAWALNAGAR 57 37 MANDI-BAHU-DIN 339 111.1
BAHAWALPUR CITY 3.3 4 MIANWALI 169.2 43.3
BAHAWALPUR A/P 25.1 5 MULTAN 58 52
BHAKKAR 22.1 78 MANGLA 312.1 107.3
CHAKWAL 193.2 79.1 MURREE 184 129.2
D.G.KHAN 24.2 34.2 NOORPUR THAL 176 43
FAISALABAD 3.2 88.1 OKARA 13.1 57
ISLAMABAD A/P 317.5 145.1 RAHIM YAR KHAN 16.1 20.1
Condition Low Flood Low Flood No Flood No Flood No Flood Medium Flood
Page 21 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Water Storage/Depletion patterns in Tarbela and Mangla dams are regulated through well established dams operations procedures involving
inflows forecasting system, inflows & outflows gauging system along with Indus River System Authority (IRSA) managed irrigation water regula-
tion mechanism to meet crops water requirements of all the provinces.
Monsoon rainfall and summer season snow/glaciers melting are the major source of water in reservoirs and crops irrigation through canals sys-tem. Most of rainfall and melting season span between May to September annually. This is a major limiting factor for water supply during next
Rabi season (wheat). According to Pakistan Meteorological Department data of June and July 2013, water accumulation in reservoirs started in
early June 2013 in both Tarbela and Mangla dams and reached to maximum of 4.318 MAF on 18th of June. Accumulation of water at end of June
is around 5.549 MAF.
Water Reservoirs: Storage/Depletion Dynamics
Water accumulation in reservoirs is alarming when water inflows are controlled by intensive rainfall. Three distinctive peaks in accumulation are
observed in both reservoirs on 4th July, 12th July and 31st July respectively. Accumulation of water at end of July is around 2.972 MAF. Total wa-
ter accumulation in both reservoirs is 8.521 MAF.
Page 22 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN
Flood Monitoring, 2013
SUPARCO is closely monitoring rivers and barrages inflow with respect to flood occurrence. River flows started rising from end May with an
increase in glacier melting and wide spread spells of pre-monsoon system over catchment areas. This year country also received higher pre-
monsoon rains in wide spread spells in June and July as compared to same months of last two years. Peak flows during mid of July 2013 were
around 260-275 thousand cusecs. Water flows in other rivers and tributaries were also more than previous year.
Comparison of 31 July of 2013 and 2012 given below:
Source: Flood Forecasting Division, IRSA.
Page 23 Volume III, Issue 8, Serial No 32
Total nutrient offtake during Kharif (April-June) 2013 was about 893,000 tons. This decrease was at 12.44 percent over same time frame of
Kharif 2012. Nitorgen and Potash offtake was decreased by 18.17 and 0.71 percent respectively with increase of 31.93 percent in Phosphate.
Urea offtake was decreased by 20.3 percent while DAP offtake was increased by 54.7 percent during Kharif (April-June) 2013 over the same
period of last year.
Kharif 2013 was opened with the stock of 220,000 tons of Urea. Total Urea availability during Kharif 2013 would be 2,996,000 tons, with the
estimated imports of 530,000 tons and domestic production of 2,246,000 tons. Total DAP Availability during Kharif 2013 would be 689,000
tons comprising of 197,000 tons of open inventory, estimated imports of 112,000 tons and 380,000 tons of domestic production. The supply
situation of fertilizer appears satisfactory during Kharif 2013.
* Provisional values are averages from the previous years.
The fertilizer statistics and prices are depicted in the graphics below:
Fertilizer Offtake
Month
2013-14 2012-13 % Change
Nitrogen Phosphate Potash Total Nitrogen Phosphate Potash Total Nitrogen Phosphate Potash Total
