Pak Studies Xii

7/24/2019 Pak Studies Xii

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pak-studies-xii 1/24

Class 2nd Year Pakistan Studies Notes

Important Questions:

Section B: (Short Answer Questions)

1. State three objective of all India Muslim League?

2. State three lines on ideology of Pakistan and its imortance?

!. State the names of the cash cros of Pakistan?

". #hen and $here $as the case be ket on Mulana Muhammad %li &ohar?

'. #ho $as viceroy $hen (engal artition and $hen annulled artition?

). State the lines on Lakno$ ack?

*. +ame the S%%,- countries?

. State the location of Pakistan $ith longitude and latitude?

/. State three lines on imortance of 0rdu?1.#hen $as Mulana Muhammad %li &ohar died and $here he burried?

11. State three Islamic features of the constitution of 1/*!?

12.State three lines on hilafat Movement?

1!.+ame the three oets of Sindh?

1".+ame three historical building of Pakistan?

1'.#hen and $here did the Pakistan 1st atomic blast?

1).State three lines on the 3bjective resolution?1*.#hen and $ho resented Pakistan ,esolution?

1.4ive t$o statements of 5uaid6e6%7am on t$o nation theory?

1/.#ho $as the chief of the boundaries commission and $hich Muslim areas are

included in India?

2.#ho dissolved the first constitution of the geograhic location of Pakistan?

21.+ame the main cast of 8indu Society?

22.State the name of resent Prime Minister9 President9 4overners and -hief

Ministers of Pakistan?

2!.#hen and $hy -ris and -abinet Mission come to India?

2".Statethree lines on India (asin :reaty act?

2'.#ho recommended the name of Pakistan?

2).#rite the full form of 0+I-;< and 0+;S-3 and give theire functions?

2*.State the objectives of round table conference?

2.State three lines on outcomes of Shimla conference of 1/"'?

2/.State three lines on the role of %li (rothers in hilafat Movement?

!.State the name of regional language of Pakistan?

1 | P a g e



!1.=escribe shortly agriculture resources of Pakistan?

!2.State three lines on ,-=?

!!.#hen and $here $as 5uaid6e6%7am 3, %llama I>bal born?

!".#hen $as the 0+3 established? +ame the main organi7ation of 0+3.

Section C: (Detailed Answer Questions)

1. ;lain olitical9 educational and social services of Sir Syed ahmed han for

the Muslim of South %sia?

2. =escribe the guiding role of 5uaid6e6%7am in Pakistan movement?

!. ;lain the ideology of Pakistan $ith the statement of 5uaid6e6%7am and

%llama Muhammad I>bal?

". =efine culture and describe the imortant features of culture of Pakistan?

'. ;lain the guiding rinciles of the foreign olicy of Pakistan?

). 4ive detail about initial roblems of Pakistan after its establishment?*. ;lain the geograhica imortance of Pakistan in South %sia?

. =efine :$o +ation :heory? %nd describe the role of :$o +ation theory in

establishment of Pakistan?

/. =efine constitution? ;lain the Islamic <eatures of constituion of 1/*!?

1.#rite the imortant olitical events from 1/' to 1/"/?

11. =escribe the role of 0rdu in unity of Pakistan?

12.Imortant +otes@• %griculture roblems and its solutions

• <ourteen oints of 5uaid6e6%7am

• S%%,- countries

• Lukno$ Pact

• Pakistan ,esolution

• 3bjective ,esolution

•

%llahabad %ddress• Pak6India ,elationshi

2 | P a g e



Pakistan Studies Fill in the Blanks

1. The last vicero o! united "ndia was #######.($ord %ount Batten)

2. ###### is &nown as Ba'ul"sla.(Sindh)

*. The !irst +.".C suit was held in ########### in #######. (,a'at-%orocco)(1/)

0. The second +.".C suit was held in ######## in #########.($ahore-Pa&istan)(10)

. The third +.".C suit was held in ####### and ########

/. in########.(%a&&ah)(Tai!-Saudia Ara'ia)(131)

. The !ourth +.".C suit was held in ######## in ######.(Casa'lanca-%orocco)(130)

3. .The !i!th +.".C suit was held in ####### in #######.(4uwait)(13)

. The si5th +.".C suit was held in ######## in ######.(Da&ar-Senegal)(11)

16. The seventh +.".C suit was held in ####### in #######.(Casa'lanca)(10)

11. The eight +.".C suit was held in ########### in #######.(Tehran-"ran)(1)

12. The highwa lin&ing China and Pa&istan is called

##########.(Shahrahe4ara&ora)

1*. Pa&istan 'ecae the e'er o! 7.8 on ############and ########### +99osed

it.(*6th Dece'er 10)(A!ghanistan)

10. ############# are the two ost i9ortant !ood cro9s o! Pa&istan.(heat and ,ice)

1. The +';ective ,esolution was 9ut !orwarded ' ########### in########.($ia<at Ali

4han)(10)

1/. .######### and ######## are two !aous Pushto 9oets.(4hushal 4han

4hata&)(,ehan Ba'a)

1. The State Ban& was inaugurated ' ######### in ##########.(QuaideA=a)(>ul

103)

13. The !irst constitution o! Pa&istan cae into !orce on ########## and cancelled in

#######.(2*rd %arch 1/)(13)

1. The second constitution o! Pa&istan was 9roulgated on ##########.(1st %arch 1/2)

26. The third constitution o! Pa&istan was 9roulgated on #########.(10th August 1*)

21. Pa&istan?s second @overner @eneral and 2nd Prie %inister was #######.(4hawa;a

8a=iuddin)

22. The @overnent o! Pa&istan i9osed the sste o! a&at in the ear ##### and it is

collected at ######.(136)(1* )

2*. QuaideA=a ;oined %usli $eague in the ear #####.(11*)

20. The Sila delegation was headed ' ###########.(Sir Agha 4han)

2. Pa&istan?s largest heav engineering co9le5 is situated at ####### -Built with the hel9o! ####.(Te5ila)(China)

2/. The highest 9ea& o! Pa&istan is #####.(42)

* | P a g e



2. Sui gas was !ound in the ear #####.(12)

23. ######### was the chairan o! 'oundar coission.(Sir ,ed Cli!!)

2. The growth rate o! Pa&istan is #####.(*)

*6. The $uc&now Pact was signed 'etween %usli $eague and ####### in the ear ####.

(Congress)(11/)

*1. The !irst President o! All "ndia %usli $eague was #######.(Sir Agha 4han)

*2. QuaideA=a 9ro9osed his 10 9oints in the ear #####.(12)

**. The 7nited 8ations was !ounded in #########.(20th +cto'er 10)

*0. The !irst eeting o! the %usli $eague too& 9lace in the ear #### at #######.(163)

(4arachi)

*. The Cri99s %ission visited "ndia in######.(102)

*/. ########### as the !irst @overner @eneral o! Pa&istan.(QuaideA=a)

*. The Ca'inet %ission cae to "ndia in the ear ###### A.D and had ### e'ers.(10/)(three)

*3. ,.C.D (,egional Coo9eration !or develo9ent )was esta'lished in######.(1/0)

*. QuaideA=a @ave his 10 9oints in re9l to ########.(8ehru ,e9ort)

06. %ount Batten announced his 9lan on #########.(*rd >une 10)

01. The !irst inde9endent ruler o! %usli "ndia was ########.(Qutu' uddin Ai'a&)

02. Allaa "<'al gave his historical address in the ear ##### A.D at ##### .(1*6)

(Allah'ad)

0*. QuaideA=a a99ealed on ######### to o'serve da o! Deliverance or aue8i;at

Tasha&&ur.(22th dece'er 1*)

00. ########### has 0 divisions.(Sindh)

0. ########## was the !irst President o! Pa&istan.("s&ander %ir=a)

0/. Partici9ation o! Bengal too& 9lace in the ear ######A.d And cancelled in ##### A.D.

(16)(111)

0. The two 'iggest hdraulic das o! Pa&istan are ####### and ######.(Tar'ela)

(%angla)

03. Pa&istan was recogni=ed as a re9u'lic in the ear #####.(1/)

0. ############# Translated the Eoll Quran in Persian.(Ea=rat Shah ali 7llah)

6. %oen ;o Daro was 'uilt ####### ears ago through a thought 9lan.(0666)

Fi9ort Ge5tensions@[email protected]

1. The %usli $eague was !ounded in ####### at ##### due to the oveent o!

####### .(16/) (Dha&a) ( 8awa' Salee 7llah 4han)

2. All "ndia Congress was !ounded ' ############ in the ear ######### A.d.(Allan

o.Eue)(133)

0 | P a g e



*. The !irst Prie %inister o! Pa&istan was ###########.($ia<at Ali 4han)

0. The Iirst orld ar started in #######.(110)

. The second orld ar ended in ######. (10)

/. 7rdu is a Persian word it eans ######.(Ca9)

. Iirst %usli @eneral ############# invaded Sindh.(%ohaad Bin Qasi)

3. The highest court o! Pa&istan is ##########.(Su9ree Court)

. The Aligarh %oveent was started ' ########.(Sir Sed Ahed 4han)

/6. QuaideA=a reained e'er o! 'oth %usli $eague and Congress !or ## ears.()

/1. Badshahi %os<ue was 'uilt ' ########## at $ahore.(Aurang=e' Alagir)

/2. Sindh was se9arated !ro Bo'a 9residenc in the ear #####A.D.(1*/)

/*. Iirst ,ound Ta'le Con!erence too& 9lace in $ondon in ####### A.D.(1*6)

/0. Second ,ound Ta'le Con!erence too& 9lace in $ondon in ###### A.D.(1*1)

/. @eneral ia 7l Ea< too& o!!ice in #### A.D.(1)//. QuaideA=a was 'orn on ###########.(2th Dece'er 13/)

/. ########### and ############ are the two 'uilding !ound in Pa&istan that were 'uilt

' %ughal J9ire.(Badshahi %os<ue)(Shahi Qila)

/3. Pa&istan?s two i9ortant agricultural cro9s are ##### and #####.(Cotton)(,ice)

/. Allaa "<'al was 'orn at #########.in ########.(Sial&ot)(13)

6. The last %ughal J9eror o! "ndia was #########.(Bahadur Shah a!ar)

1. Pa&istan?s largest steel ill is at ######## !ored ' the coo9eration o! ########.

(9i9ri(4arachi)(,ussia)

2. There are ### natural regions o! Pa&istan.(0)

*. The %os<ue 'uilt ' ######## is at Thatta.(Shah >ahan)

0. The duration si5th !ive ears 9lan is ######.(1316)

. According to the 12 census the literac rate in Pa&istan was ##### which grew to

##### in 131.(21.)(2/.2)

/. The true nae o! Ea=rat %u;addid Ali! Sane was #######.(Shai&h Ahed)

. "n the 10 %usli $eague won #### %uslis seats in the central Asse'l.(*6)

3. The British Parliaent 9assed the "ndian "nde9endence law in ######### or ade the

"ndian 9artici9ation 9lan into a law.(>ul 10)

. The scri9t o! All Pa&istani languages is siilar and it is 'ased on ###### (Quranic

Scri9t)

36. Sind %adarsaul"sla was !ounded ' ###########.(Easan Ali A!andi)

31. Pa&istan earns its 'iggest share o! !oreign e5change !ro #####.(Cotton)

32. "n ####### -######## hel9ed Pa&istan in a&ing arrangeents to hold the "slaic

Suit Con!erence.(10)(Shah Iaisal)

| P a g e



3*. The !irst @eneral elections o! Pa&istan were held in the ear######.(11)

30. SAA,C a''reviates !or ########## .(South Asian Assocition !or ,egional

Coo9eration)

3. ######## !ounded %usli $eague?s 'raneli at $ondon in #####.(Sed Aeor Ali)

(163)

3/. All Pa&istani languages contain lots o! words o! ###### and #######.(Ara'ic)(Persian)

3. "ediatel a!ter "nde9endence !ro the British "ndia !orce!ull anne5ed #######.

(Edera'ad)

33. ####### and ######## occu9ied a large territor o! 4ashir.(Da&&an)(>unagarh) K

3. The ##### nuclear e59loitation showed the true !ace o! "ndian agression.(10)

6. Congress started G$eave "ndia %oveentG in the ear ######.(102)

1. "n#####-######## de!eated the %arhatas at the 'attle !ield o! Pani Patt.(1/1)(Ahed

Shah A'dali)2. The !irst %ughal J9eror was #####.(Ba'ar)

*. The %ughal J9eror A&'ar introduced the #########.(DeeneJlahi)

0. Pa&istani languages are greatl in!luenced !ro #######.(Ara'ic)

. ######### and ######### are two i9ortant Sindhi 9oets.(Shah A'dul $ati!)(Sachal

Sarast)

/. Two 9alces !aous !or wooden cra!ts are ###### and ###### in Pa&istan.(Eala)

(4ashor)

. The "ndus Basin Treat was signed 'etween Pa&istan and "ndia in the ear ####.(1/6)

3. Sindh %usli $eague 9assed a resolution in #######.(1*3)

. 8i=ae%usta!a oveent was carried in the ear ####.(1)

166. The Eindu Societ is divided in ### casts.(0)

161. Pa&istan?s ##### 9o9ulation live in rural areas.(6)

162. The !irst %usli $eague @overnent was !ored in Sindh in ######.(10*)

16*. %as;id %aha'at 4han is situated at #########.(Peshawar)

160. %as;id a=ir 4han is situated at ########.($ahore)

16. Sila Delegation et ####### in 10.($ord evell)

16/. "n ear #### the Sila delegation headed ' Sir Agha 4han et ######.(16/) ($ord

%into)

16. $ia<at Ali 4han 'orn in ###### and 'ecoe the secretar general o! %usli in #####.

(13)(1*/)

163. aris Shah wrote #########.(Eeer ,an;ha)

16. The total area o! Pa&istan is ######### s<.& and total 9o9ulation according to 131

census is ############# illioncrores.(/6/)(3*32666)

/ | P a g e



116. Pa&istan e59loded its !irst atoic 'o' at ####### in the ear ######.(Chaghi)(%a

13)

111. %oen;oDaro is the 9rovince o! ######.( Sindh).

112. The 9eriod o! !irst !ive ear 9lan was #########.(11/6)

11*. Pa&istan ;oined the non Aligned %oveent in in the ear ######.(1)

110. The !irst con!erences o! 8A% was held at ###### in ####### and the second at

#######.(Belgrade)(1/1)(Cairo)

11. The !ort o! $ahore (Shahi Qila) was 'uilt ' ########.(>ehangir)

11/. Sind was con<uired ' %ohaad 'in Qasi in the ear ######.(12)

11. .The head o! the state is called ####### and head o! the @overnent is called #######.

(President)(Prie %inister)

113. The Secretariate o! +.".C is at ######## (Saudi Ara'ia) and ,CD at ########.(>eddah)

(Tehran)11. ,CD is called now ######## .(,.J.C (,egional Jconoic Council) .

126. The desert land o! Sindh is called ####### and that Bahawal9ur is called ########.

(Thar)(Cholistan)

121. The !irst Saint to cae South Asia ############## is ost i9ortant o! all.(Ea=rat Ali

Ea;veri)

122. Ea=rat Aan %arvandi is &nown as #########.($al Shah'a= Qalandar)

12*. "n ###### Cri99s ission was 9resented.(102)

120. "n 1010/ elections %usli $eague won #### seats in central and ####### in

9rovincial asse'l.(all)(6)

12. "n ###### $ord avell 9ro9osed the !oration o! a te9erar governent consisting

o! the 9olitical 9arties o! 7nited "ndia.(10)

12/. According to *rd >une 10 9lan 9le'iscite was held in ########## and ########.

(8..I.P)(Silhoute)

12. "n the 8orth o! 4a'ul river 4h'er Pass is situated which is ##### & long.(*)

123. "n the 1* constitution ######## was recogni=ed as state religion.("sla)

12. "n Pa&istan #### languages are s9o&en.(*6)

1*6. ########## is the su!i 9oet o! Pushto 9oetr.(,ehan Ba'a)

1*1. ######### is considered as !irst 9oet o! Pushto.(Aeer 4aroro)

1*2. Ior a develo9ing countr li&e Pa&istan ############ is ver i9ortant.(8uclear

Power)

1**. 7.8 has ####### e'ers.(1)

1*0. The !ive 9rinci9les 9assed ' the 8onAligned countries are called #######.(Pun;

Shilla)

| P a g e



1*. The e'ers o! ,.C.D are #########-########- and ########.(Pa&istan)("ran)

(Tur&e)

1*/. "n ########## se9arate elections 9rinci9le was acce9ted.(16)

1*. Sir Sed !ounded scienti!ic societ in ########.(13/2)

1*3. The 4hila!at con!erence eeting held at 4arachi in ######.(121)

1*. The !undaental 9rinci9le o! our !oreign 9olic is ################.(!riendshi9 with

the nations o! the world)

106. Sir Sed 'rought out the digest GTeh=i'ulA&hla<G in #######.(136)

101. The !irst central o!!ice o! %usli $eague was esta'lished at ########.(Aligarh)

102. The word Pa&istan was 9ro9osed ' ############## in a 9a9hlet naed ####### .

(Choudri ,ehat Ali)(8o and 8ever)

10*. The !irst constituent asse'l o! Pa&istan was dissolved in the ear ###### and

####### was its s9ea&er.(10)(%ir %aulvi Tai=uddin)100. 7nder the constitution o! 1* the 8ational Asse'l consists o! ###### %usli

e'ers and the Senate consist o! #### e'ers.(26)(3)

Short Questions and Answers

1. Who was the first president of Islamic Repulic of Pakistan!

Ans. The !irst President o! the "slaic ,e9u'lic o! Pa&istan was "s&andar %ir=a.

2. "f which or#ani$ation is %NIC&' the the are(iated forms!

Ans. 78"CJI is one o! the s9eciali=ed agencies o! 7nited 8ations and dis the a''reviated

!or o! G7nited 8ations "nternational Children Jergenc Iund.G

). Which Institution was inau#urated * +uaid,e,-$am in ul* 1/0!

Ans. The State Ban& o! Pa&istan was inaugurated ' QuaideA=a in >ul 103.

0. Name the ri(ers on which the an#la 3am and the 4arela 3am are uilt.

Ans. Tar'ela Da is 'uilt on ,iver "ndus and %angla Da is 'uilt on ,iver >helu.

5. Name two famous poets of Pushto lan#ua#e.

Ans. The !aous and 9o9ular 9oets o! Pushto language are:

(i) 4a=i 4han Shaida (ii) ,ehan Ba'a

6. Who are the famous poets of Sindhi lan#ua#e!

Ans. The !aous and 9o9ular 9oets o! Sindhi language are:

(i) Sed A'dul 4ari %ohaad Eashi (ii) Shah A'dul $ati! Bhitai

(iii) Sachal Sarast (iv) Pir %ohaad (v) %a&hdoo 8oah

(vi) %a&hdoo Ahed Bhitai7. Who are the famous poets of Pun8ai lan#ua#e!

Ans. The naes o! !aous 9oets o! 9un;a'i language are given 'elow:

3 | P a g e



(i) Sultan Bahu (ii) Bullah Shah (iii) Shah Eussain

(iv) aris Shah (v) %adho $al Eussain (vi) @hula Iarid

. Was the constitution of 1/62 of presidential or parliamentar* t*pe!

Ans. The constitution o! 1/2 introduced the 9residential !or o! @overnent.

/. Name the natural re#ions of Pakistan.

Ans. Pa&istan is divided into si5 natural regions.

(i) 8orthern %ountain ,ange (ii) %ountains o! estern Irontier

(iii) Plateau o! Potowar and Salt ,ange (iv) The Plateau o! Baluchistan

(v) 799er "ndus Plain (vi) $ower "ndus Plain

19. Write the o8ecti(es of %.N.".

Ans. The ain ais and o';ectives o! 7nited 8ations (78+) are:

(i) The !irst and !oreost ai o! 7.8.+ is to 9revent war and antain 9eace in the

world through collective e!!orts.(ii) To create good will aong the nation o! the world through econoics-

social-9olitical dn huanitaris eans.

(iii) To eraclicate the evils o! caste-colour and creed ' eans o! education.

(iv) Cultivation o! !riendl relations aong the 9eo9le on the 'asis o! e<ualit and the

9rinci9le o! sel!deterination.

(v) Preservation o! huan rights and !undaental !reedo all over the world.

11. "f which or#ani$ation is R.C.3 the are(iated from!What is it new name!

Ans. ,.C.D is the a''reviated !or o! G,egional coo9eration Develo9eentG.The new

nae is J.C.+ (Jconoic Coo9eration +rgani=ation).

12. 3escrie riefl* the causes that led to the creation of -ll uslim :ea#ue!

Ans. Iollowing are the causes o! the !oration o! All "ndia %usli $eague:

(i) CongressA Eindu +rganisation:

Eue laid the !oundation o! "ndian 8ational Congress in 133-But Congress ' its

9olic and 9ro9aganda 9roved itsel! a Eindu +rganisation.

(ii) 7nEa99 Jvents o! 9artition o! Bengal:

Eindu?s attitude towards %usli intrest and the 9artition o! 'engal had e59osed

Eindu !eelings 'eond an dou't.

(iii) Sa!eguard !or 7rdu:

7rduEindi controvers was one o! the causes o! the creation o! %usli $eague.

(iv) Pro9aganda against "sla:

Soe Eindu leaders had raised the slogan G"ndia is !or Eindus onlG.The started

9ro9aganda against "sla and %uslis.

1). Wa* where and with whom did the memers of the Simla 3ele#ation #o to meet!

| P a g e



Ans. +n 1st +ct.16/ -a %usli de9utation consisting o! * re9resentative et the Licero

$ord %into at sila and 9resented soe deands o! %uslis.The vicero gave a

9atient hearing to the deands o! the %uslis 9resented ' the Sila Delegation and

he 9roised to give athetic consideration to the deands o! %uslis and assured

the that the intrests o! the %uslis would 'e sa!eguard.

10. When and wh* was the ;hilafat o(ement started!Who were the leaders of the

o(ement!

Ans. A!ter the !irst world war -the !ate o! +ttoan Tur&ish J9ire (4hali!a) was

sealed.The Tur&ish Sultans had claied to the Cali9hs o! the %usli orld.The

general i9ression aong the %uslis was that the estern Powers were waging a

war against "sla to ro' it o! all its 9owers.%uslis o! South "ndia too& u9 courage

and started G4hila!at %oveent in 11-its ai was to:

(i) To save 4hila!at (ii) To 9rotect Eol Cities !ro non%usli controlThe leaders o! 4hila!at %oveent were:

(i) %aulana %ohaad Ali >auhar (ii) %aulana Shau&at Ali

(iii) %aulana A'ul 4ala A=ad

15. What do *ou know aout the re#ional lan#ua#es of Pakistan!

Ans. The general elections !or the central lagisleture Asse'l were held in "ndia in

Dece'er -10.The %usli $eague won 3/./ o! the total %usli seats.+ut o!

total 162 seats in the central Assae'l -the %usli league won *6 seats.

17. Write names of the memer countries of the S--RC or#ani$ation.

Ans. The !ollowing are the e'er countries o! SAA,C:

(i) "ndia (ii) Pa&istan (iii) Bangladesh (iv) Sri $an&a

(v) 8e9al (vi) Bhutan (vii) %aldives

1. When and which treat* was si#ned etween India and Pakistan with respect to

canal water dispute!

Ans. The water dis9ute had its origin in the 9artiton o! Pun;a'."t cae to light on A9ril

1-103-when "ndia cut o!! the !low o! canal water to est Pun;a' in Pa&istan-causing

a great threat o! !aine and loss o! cor9s in est Pun;a'.

ith the "ntervention o! orld Ban&-+n Se9te'er 1-1/6-an agreeent was

concluded 'etween the countries which is &nown as G"ndus Basin TreatG.The treat

was signed ' President Au' 4han !ro Pa&istan side and ' Pandit >awahar $al

8ehru !ro "ndia in 1/1.According to this agreeent the Chena'->helu and the

"ndus rivers were allocated to Pa&istan and three Jastern rivers Sutlu;-Bias and ,avi

were given to "ndia.

1/. When and where as the first session of the -ll India uslim :ea#ue held!

16 | P a g e



Ans. The !irst session o! the All "ndia %usli $eague was held at 4arachi on 2th and *6th

Dece'er- 16.

29. When and Who dissol(ed the first constituent -sseml* of Pakistan!

Ans. The !irst constituent Asse'l o! Pa&istan was disissed ' then the @overnor

@eneral @hula %ohaad on +ct. 20th-10.

21. When and Where was -llama I<al orn!

Ans. Alla "<'al was 'orn on th 8ove'er 13 in Sial&ot.

22. Name an* two cash crops of Pakistan!

Ans. Cash cro9s su99l raw aterial to industries-Ioriegn e5change is also earned through

e59ort o! these cor9s.The cashcro9s o! Pa&istan are:

(i) Cotton (ii) SugarCane

2). =ow man* administrati(e di(isions are there in Sindh!

Ans. There are !our adinistrative divisions in Sindh.20. Name the main Industries of Pakistan!

Ans. The ain "ndustries o! Pa&istan are:

(i) Te5tile "ndustries (ii) Ceent "ndustries (iii) Pa9er "ndustries

(iv) Sugar "ndustries (v) Steel "ndustries (vi) Iertili=er?s Iactories

25. "n what date was the da* of deli(erance oser(ed as announced * the +uaid,e,

-$am !

Ans. hen the Congress inisters-resigned in +cto'er-1*-the QuaideA=a a99ealed to

the %uslis o! "ndia to o'serve a GDeliverance DaG +n Dec. 22-1* and e59ressed

their relie! at the terinatio o! Congress rule which had 'een too hostile during the

last two ears.Ee also a99ealed that the Da should 'e o'served 9eace!ull.The

Deliverance Da was o'served 9eace!ull throughout the countr.

26. When was the >akat S*stem introduced in Pakistan!

Ans. The a&at Sste was introduced in the countr through the a&at and 7shr

+rdinance on >une 26-136.According to this ordinance-=a&at !und would 'e

esta'lished to collect these sorts o! gi!ts and it was co9ulsor !or ever sahi'e

nisa' %usli whetehr ale or !eale to 9a =a&at ' deducting it !ro his or her

account in the 'an&.

27. Name the first casts of =indu Societ*!

Ans. The Eindu Societ was divided into the !ollowing !our casts:

(i) Brahan (ii) 4hatri (iii) Laish (iv) Shooder

2. Which caste is respected the most in the =indu Societ*!

Ans. The Brahan?s are considered the ost su9erior in the Eindu societ.

2/. What are the works #i(en to the ;hatris!

11 | P a g e



Ans. The occu9ation o! 4hatris was to !ight and de!end the countr.

)9. What is the occupation of ?aish!

Ans. The 9eo9le o! the Laish caste are !arerstraders -industrialist and artisans.

)1. What was the occupation of Shooder!

Ans. The 9eo9le o! Shooder caste were considered the lowest o! other casts.The had to

serve the other castes-i.e the were slaved.

)2. =ow did %rdu lan#ua#e came into ein#!

Ans. The %ughal ar consisted o! 9eo9le 'elonging to di!!erent counities o! "ndia

and s9ea&ing di!!erent languages .B interingling o! these 9eo9le-a new language '

the nae o! 7rdu cae into e5istance.

)). Name the Sufi@s who worked for the spread of Islam in South -sia!

Ans. The Su!i?s and Saints who wor&ed !or the s9reading o! "sla in South Asia are:

(i) Ea=rat Data @an; Ba&sh (ii) 4huwa;a %oeenuddin Chishti(iii) Ea=rat %u;addid Ali! Sani (iv) Ea=rat $al Shah'a= Qalander

(v) Ea=rat Baha7ddin a&aria

)0. What do *ou mean * AIdeolo#* of PakistanA!

Ans. Pa&istan cae into e5istence o! the 'asis o! one ideolog and this ideolog re!ers that

"sla is the religion o! all the %uslis and this "slaic ideolog is the idiolog o!

Pa&istan-

)5. Which pro(ince did not ha(e an* constitution durin# the British rule!

Ans. The British had ade 8orth est Irontier Province as G8onConstitutional $andG.

)6. When did Partition of Ben#al take place and enefited from it!When and had

did the annulment of partition took place!

Ans. The Partition o! Bengal too& 9lace in 16 and this was the !irst right ste9 ta&en '

the British towards the intrests o! %uslis-'ut the narrowinded Eindus could not

'ear this and due to thier o99osition the annulent o! 9artition too& 9lace in 111.

)7. Wh* did the uslims not accept the Nehru Report!

Ans. "n the 8ehru ,e9ort-the Eindus did no res9ect the rights and intrests o! %uslis and

not !ul!illed the 9roises ade ' the.There!ore-the %uslis did not acce9t the

8ehru ,e9ort.

). Wh* did+uaid,e,-$am presented his fourteen points!

Ans. QuaideA=a 9resented his !ourteen 9oints in re9l to the 8ehru ,e9ort.

)/. Wh* did the round tale conference failed!

Ans. The ,ound Ta'le Con!erence !ailed due to the narrowindedness and negative

attitude o! the Eindus.

09. Write down the points of the Indian Independence -ct of 1/07!

12 | P a g e



Ans. The i9ortant 9oints o! "ndian "nde9endence Act are:

(i) The legislative su9reac o! the two doinions.

(ii) The legislatures o! the two Doinions were given !ull 9owers to a&e laws

having e5traterritorial ;urisdication.

(iii) The British @overnent was to have no control over the a!!airs o! the

Doinions.Provinces or an 9art o! the Doinions a!ter 1th August-10.

01. What were the important points of third une Plan!

Ans. The i9ortant 9oints o! third >une Plan was are as !ollows:

(i) "ndia was to 'e divided into Eindustan And Pa&istan.

(ii) Pa&istan was to co9rise the %usli a;orit areas with a right to secede !ro

the rest o! "ndia.

(iii) The %uslis a;orit areas would 'e dearcated ' a >oint Boundar

Coission.(iv) Bengal would 'e 9artitioned into %usli and Eindu a;orit areas.

02. Which part* formed the o(ernment of Britain when the su,continent was

partitioned!

Ans. The $a'our Part ruled the @overnent o! Britain when "ndia was 9artitioned.

0). Write the name of some uslim :eaders who worked durin# the Pakistan

o(ements!

Ans. (i) Sir Sed Ahed 4han (ii) 8awa' Sali 7llah (iii) 8awa' %ohsinul

%ul& (iv) 8awa' a<arul%ul& (v) Sir Agha 4han (vi) Allaa "<'al

(vii) QuaideA=a

00. 3urin# the World War IIDwhat promise did the British o(ernment made

towards the people of su,continent!

Ans. The British @overnent 9roised the 9eo9le o! su'continent that "ndia will 'e

9artitioned a!ter the end o! the Second orld ar.

05. =ow man* Resolutions did the %.N passed re#ardin# ;ashmir prolem!

Ans. The Securit Council o! 7nited 8ations 9assed two ,esolutins on 1th August-103

and th >anuar-10.

06. What did +uaid,e,-$am said aout Radcliff Commission!@

Ans. The QuaideA=a rear&ed a'out ,adcli!! Coission or ,adcli!! award:

GThe award was a 9arting 4ic& o! the British @overnent.G

07. What was the percenta#e of uslims in ammu and ;ashmir accordin# to the

census of 1/01!

Ans. According to the census o! 101-the %usli 9o9ulation in 4ashir was / and in

>au-it was 6.

1* | P a g e



0. What do *ou know aout ohammad -li Bo#ra 'ormula!

Ans. "n the 9eriod o! third Prie %inister-%r.%ohaad Ali Bogra-great e!!orts were

ade !or the 9re9aration o! the constitution in the light o! the recoendations o! the

coittee he was a'le to 9re9are a dra!t 'ill o! the constitution which is &nown as

G%ohaad Ali Bogra?s IorulaG."n this !orula-it was suggested to give e<ual

re9resentation to Jast and est Pa&istan.

0/. When was the o8ecti(e resolution passed!

Ans. The o';ective resolution was 9assed on 12th %arch-10 in the Constituent Asse'l.

59. Which e(ent took place in the histor* of constitution makin# of Pakistan 1/55!

Ans ."t was ho9ed that a!ter %ohaad Ali Bogra Iorula-a constitution would 'e ade

in the countr 'ut in 10-the @overner @eneral disissed the Constituent Asse'l

and in 1-a new constituent Asse'l was elected which started the wor& o!

constitution a&ing.51. =ow lon# did the 1/56 constitution last!

Ans. The constitution o! 1/ lasted !or onl two and a hal! ears.+n th +cto'er-13-the

ar too& over the @overnent.

52. -ccordin# to the constitution of 1/62Dname the council that was estalished to

point out the non,Islamic thin#s.

Ans. The Council which was esta'lished to 9oint out the non"slaic things is &nown as

G"slaic "deolog CouncilG.

5). =ow lon# did the constitution of 1/62 last!

Ans. This constituted lasted !or ears.+n 2th %arch-1/-Au' 4han resigned and gave

the 9ower to the ar.@eneral aha 4han disissed the 1/2 constitution and

en!orceed %artial $aw in the countr.

50. When was the le#al frame work "rder issue!

Ans. The legal !rae wor& +rder was issued on %arch *6th-16.The said order contained

the !undaental 9rinci9les o! the constitution to 'e !raed ' the elected asse'l as

well as the nu'er o! seats in 8ational and Provincial Asse'l !or the @eneral

Jlections to 'e held.

55. When were the Shariat Courts formed and where is its head office!

Ans. Shariat Courts were esta'lished in 1 and its head o!!ice is at "slaa'ad.

56. When was the intrest,free ankin# s*stem introduced in the countr*!

Ans. +n 1st >anuar-131-an intrest!ree 'an&ing sste was introduced in the

countr.According to this sste -the account holder was ade a 9artner with the 'a&

in its 9ro!it or loss ' sharing it according to his investents in the 'an&.

10 | P a g e



57. %nder what circumstances did eneral >ia,ul,=a< took control of power on 5th

ul* 1/77.

Ans. The elections held in the countr were not !air.The 9eo9le started the 8i=ae

%usta!a %oveent.The @overnent held discussion 'ut no results were o'tained.As

a result-the ar on th >ul 1 too& control o! the 9ower.

5. i(e the location of Pakistan.

Ans. Pa&istan is geogra9hicall located 'etween 2*.0 to */.0 8orth $atitude and a'out

/1 to . Jast longitude in South Asia .The countr is sorrounded ' Bharat in

Jast-A!ghanistan in the 8orth est-"ran in the est and the Ara'ian Sea in the South.

5/. =ow much is the area of Pakistan!

Ans. The total area o! Pa&istan is /6/ s<uare &iloeters.

69. What does the word A3oaA mean!

Ans. The land or s9ace 'etween two rivers is &nown as GDoa'G.61. i(e a rief account of the seasons in Pakistan!

Ans. There are !our seasons in Pa&istan:

(i) SuerIro %a till Se9te'er (ii) interIro 8ove'er till Ie'ruar

(iii) S9ringThe season o! %arch and A9ril (iv) AutunSe9te'er and +cto'er

62. Write down the names of some important departments of o(ernment of

Pakistan.

Ans. The i9ortant de9artents o! @overnent o! Pa&istan are as !ollows:

(i) Ioreign +!!ice (ii) De!ence De9artent (iii) "nterior %inistr

(iv) Iinance De9artent (v) Jducation De9artent (vi) Eealth De9artent

(vii) Counication De9artent

6). =ow does the o(ernment controll the affairs of '.-.4.- E'ederall*

-dministered 4rial -reasF!

Ans. The Iederal @overnent through its a99ointed agent &ee9s in touch with the leaders

o! Tri'al Areas and Controls the sste o! these areas.The shol are coes under the

control o! ;irgah.This is a council co9rising o! the religions and e59erienced 9eo9le

o! these tri'es.

60. What do *ou mean * Culture!

Ans. Culture is the histor o! the societ and re!lects its social 9ast.Culture eans

'ehaviour 9eculiar to its huan 'eings.Culture consists o!

languages-literature-ideas-'elie!s-custos-ha'its-codes-dress-diet-art-oral-institution-l

aws-etc

65. 'rom which areas did ci(ili$ed life e#in!

1 | P a g e



Ans. Euan civili=ation started !ro those areas where water-air and other geogra9hics

conditions were in uch condition !or li!e.There!ore-!ertile valle o! rivers include

Da;la Da!rat(ira<) -valle o! 8ite (Jg9t) and "ndus valle (Pa&istan).The evolution o!

9o9ulation started !ro these areas and civilised li!e 'egan.

66. 4he land of Pakistan is famous of which ci(ili$ations!

Ans. The lan! o! Pa&istan is 9roud to have the 'irth o! the historical civili=ation o! the

valle o! "ndus.This civili=ation was at its 9ea& a'out !our or !ive thousand ears ago.

67. Which land do *ou mean * Indus ?alle*!

Ans. "ndus Lalle eans those areas which are situated near the ,iver "ndus and its

neigh'ouring ,ivers."ts 9resent nae is Pa&istan.

6. What do *ou mean * andhara -rt!

Ans. The areas o! Pun;a' and 8..I.P which at 9resent situated near ,awal9indi and

Peshawar were in the old das given the nae o! @andhara Civili=ation.A'out twoand hal! thousand ears ago-this civili=ation was at its 9ea& whose art and culture

es9eciall art o! 9ainting and stone carving are !aous.

6/. Write down the names of certain important uildin#s of uslim &ra.

Ans. (i) The !ort o! Agra (ii) Ta; %ahal-Agra (iii) Shahi Qila-Delhi

(iv) The to' o! >ehangir-$ahore (v) Badshahi %as;id -$ahore

(vi) %as;id a=ir 4han -$ahore (vii) >aia %as;id-Thatta

79. What do *ou mean * imperialist s*stem!

Ans. The Britishers 'rought an i9erialist sste.The "9erialist sste eans that local

cultural and social agencies should 'e so 'ound ' a 9olitical structure that the loose

their identi!ication.

71. When did the uslims in(ade South -sia!

Ans. %uslis invaded South Asia in 12 A.D.hen %ohaad 'in Qasi de!eated the

ar o! ,a;a Dahir and esta'lished an "slaic el!are State.

72. Which artist did =uma*un rou#ht ack from Iran!

Ans. Euaun 'rought 'ac& to artist %ir Sed Ali Ta're=i and 4hawa;a A'dul Saad

!ro "ran.

7). Which t*pe of paintin# flourished durin# the era of ehan#ir!

Ans. >ehangir had great intrest in the art o! 9ainting.Ee claied that he can identi! a

9ainter ' seeing his 9aintings in this era-this art was at its 9ea& 'eauti!ul 9ictures o!

!lowers -9aints-anials-'irds and natural scenes were ade.The 9ictures o! war

!ighting are agni!itient e5a9les o! realistic art.

70. Who was the first musician of the uslim era!

1/ | P a g e



Ans. Air 4husro was the !irst usician o! the %usli era.Ee invented an rags in

usic.

75. What did the eGtremist =undu o(ements wanted to do a#ainst the uslims!

Ans. Eindu e5treist %oveent such as Shoodhi-Shungthan and Ara Saa; wanted to

convert %uslis to Eindus and wanted diinish the se9arate identit and culture o!

the %uslis so that the %uslis could leave "ndia.

76. What messa#e did the -llama I<al #a(e to the uslims of the su,continent!

Ans. Allaa "<'al gave the essage to the %uslis o! "ndia that the should develo9 the

!eeling o! "slaic 'rotherhood and >ihad so that the could 'ecoe inde9endent.

77. What did +uiad,e,-$am said aout the o8ecti(e for the creation for Pakistan!

Ans. QuaideA=a descri'ed the ain o';ective o! the creation o! Pa&istan in the

!ollowing words:

Ge have not deanded Pa&istan onl to get a 9iece o! land-'ut our ai was to get ala'orator where we could 9ractise the 9rinci9les o! "sla.G

7. Pakistani culture is a miGed culture. Comment.

Ans. Pa&istani culture is a i5ed culture .There is still soe i9act o! !oreign traditions in

our societ. e have ado9ted estern usic and their stle o! living.Although

a;orit o! the 9eo9le are %uslis ther is a i5ed culture o! Eindus-Britishers and

%uslis.

7/. 4he asis of Pakistani culture is on Islam.Comment.

Ans. Pa&istan was esta'lished so that the %uslis could lead their lives according to the

teachings and 9rinci9les o! "sla.Pa&istani culture is 9redoinantl an "slaic

culture.Pa&istan ins9ite o! the di!!erences o! religion-language and custos

coonl !ollow the religion o! "sla.

9. What are the Pakistani arts!

Ans. Pa&istani arts include the !ollowing:

(i) Stone Carving (ii) Car9et %a&ing (iii) J'rioder

1. =ow man* lan#ua#es are spoken in Pakistan!

Ans. "n Pa&istan- a'out *6 sall and 'ig languages are s9o&en.These include

7rdu-Sindhi-Pushto-Pun;a'i-Baluchi-4ashiri and Brahvi.

2. What were the different names of %rdu in its different periods!

Ans. "n the 'eginning 7rdu was given the nae Eindavi-Eindi and Eindustani.$ater on-it

was given the nae 7rdue%oalla and ,e&hta.And now it is given the nae 7rdu.

). When did Pushto lan#ua#e e#in!

Ans. Pushto is a language o! 8..I.P .The 9eo9le s9ea&ing these languages are called

Pu&htoon or 9ushtoon.This language started a'out 666 ears in A!ghanistan.Ba&htar

1 | P a g e



or Ba&ht.Due to this it was given the nae Ba&hto which later 'ecae Pu&hto or

Pushto.

0. Whom e#an Sindhi lan#ua#e in -raic script!

Ans. A'ulEasan Sindhi 'egan Sindhi language in Ara'ic scri9t.

5. Which thin#s are distinct in Pun8ai literature!

Ans. Iol& tales are ver 9o9ular in Pun;a'i literature.The 9oets gave these tales into 9oetic

!ors.These tales incude roances li&e Eir ,aan;ha-Sassi Panhu and Sohni %ahiwal.

6. Write down the names of famous Baluchi tales!

Ans. The !aous tales o! Baluchi language are:

(i) Cha&ar 4han (ii) Eaal ,ando MEana= (iii) Berango@rahan

(iv) 8a=shah Eured Dahanni

7. Name three classical poets of %rdu.

Ans. The three classical 9oets o! 7rdu are:(i) %ir Ta<i %ir (ii) %ir=a @hali' (iii) %ir Dard

. Who is considered as the first poet of Pushto!

Ans. Air 4arore is considered the !irst 9oet o! Pushto.

/. Which lan#ua#es influence Sindhi lan#ua#e!

Ans. Sindhi language is in!luenced ' Darawdi-Sans&rit-@ree&-Tur&ish-Pushto and other

languages.

/9. @Shah ,8o,Risalo@ is the poetic collection of which poet!

Ans. Shah ;o,isalo is 9oetic collection o! !aous Sindhi 9oet Shah A'dul $ati! Bhitai.

/1. Which Ci(ili$ation does Pun8ai lan#ua#e has a link!

Ans. Pun;a'i has its lin&s with Eadai or Draudi civili=ation.

/2. Name the different st*les of of speech of Pun8ai!

Ans. The di!!erent stle o! s9eech o! Pun;a'i language are

%ulsani-Sarai&i-Shah9ure-Potohari etc.

/). Name three classical poets of Pun8ai.

Ans. Three classical 9oets o! Pun;a'i are:

(i) Shah Eussain (ii) Bulleh Shah (iii) Sultan Bahu

/0. Who wrote =eer Ran8ha!

Ans. Eir ,an;ha was written ' aris Shah.

/5. Which is the famous ook of =ashim Shah!

Ans. The !aous tale o! Eashi Shah is Sassi Panhu.

/6. Which lan#ua#e does Baluchi link to!

Ans. Baluchi languages has its lin& with Aran $anguages.

/7. Write down the different st*le of speeches of Baluchi!

13 | P a g e



Ans. The two stles o! s9eeches o! Baluchi are:

(i) %ehrani (ii) Suleani

/. Name the ascents of ;ashmiri!

Ans. 4ashiri has an ascents.These are Suleani-Eind&i-@andro and @ai 'ut @andro

leads all the ascents.

//. Write down the salient features of the forei#n polic* of Pakistan.

Ans. The !ollowing are the !undaental 9rinci9les o! Pa&istan?s !oreign 9olic.

(i) Protection o! !reedo and sovereignt. (ii) Close relations with %usli

countries. (iii) 4ee9ing awa !ro 'ig 9ower 9olitics. (iv) Su99ort !or sel!

deterination. (v) "9leentation o! 7nited 8ations Charter. (vi) Prootion o! Peace

and Iriendshi9.(vii) 8onAlignent.

199.Pakistan is the memer of how man* international or#ani$ations!

Ans. Pa&istan is the active e'er o! the !ollowing international organi=ations:(i) 7nited 8ations +rgani=ations. (ii) 8onAligned %oveent(8.A.%)

(iii) +rgani=ation o! "slaic Con!erence (+.".C)

(iv) Jconoic Coo9eration +rgani=ation (J.C.+)

191. When was the foundation of %nited Nations :aid!

Ans. The !oundation o! 7nited 8ations(7.8.+) was laid on 20th +ct.10.

192.Name the or#ans of %.N."!

Ans. The organs o! 7.8.+ are:

(i) @eneral Asse'l (ii) Securit Council (iii) Jconoic and Social Council

(iv) TrusteeShi9 Council (v) Secretariat (vi) "nternational Court o! >ustice

19).Name the a#encies of %.N.

Ans. Ther are several s9eciali=ed 'odies are:

(i) 78"CJI7nited 8ations "nternation Children Jergenc Iund.

(ii) 78JSC+7nited 8ations Jducational-Scienti!ic and Cultural +rganisations

(iii) IA+Iood and Agricultural +rganisation

(iv) E+orld Eealth +rganisation

(v) "$+"nternational $a'our +rganisation.

(vi) Borld Ban&.

190.What is the o8ecti(e of Non,-li#ned o(ement!

Ans. The ain o';ective o! 8onAligned %oveent was not to ;oin an o! the 'ig 9owers

and to &ee9 awa !ro 'ig 9ower 9olitics.

195.When was the foundation of R.C.3 laid!

1 | P a g e



Ans. "n >ul 1/0- "ran- Pa&istan and Tur& with utual understanding laid the !oundation

o! ,.C.D (,egional Coo9eration o! Develo9ent).8ow- "ts new nae is Jconoic

Coo9eration +rgani=ation (J.C.+).

26 | P a g e



%llama I>bals Presidential %ddress61/!

PRELUDE

3n =ecember !91/! the annual meeting of the %ll India Muslim League $as held at

%llahabad.%llama I>bal resided over the meeting .3n this occation he delivered his famouse

historical aadress $hich roved to be a milestone in the roceeding to make a demand for an

indeendent Muslim State.

MAIN POINTS OF THE ADDRESS

1.+.#.<.P Sind9Punjab and (aluchistan should be combined in one state.

2.:he Muslims are entirely a different nation from 8indus .:heir $ay of living and social manners are

totally different from the 8indus.:heir religion is entirely different in nature from other relations.:hus

the Muslims should get a state of their o$n in the area of Muslim majority $here they may be able to

cultivate their o$n religious and moral traditions.

IMPORTANCE OF THE ADDRESS

I>balAs seech at the League session created a mild flutter but generally it $as not taken

seriously.:hough he had9in detail elained the basis leading to demand a searate homeland.8e

mentioned that Islam $as not simly the name of a fe$ creeds9the oral recogni7ation of $hich $ould

make our ideal Muslim.It had given its follo$ers9the concet of a articular and uni>ue olitical society

$hich covered all the hases of their life.

;ven though the Muslims of South %sia $ere disorgani7ed and lay scattered in different arts of the

region9yet their central osition $as the same.:hey had the same culture9the same history and same

civili7ation.:hese elements gave similarity and agreement to all the Muslims of the Sub -ontinent on

the one hand and made them >uite distinct from the 8indus on the other.

In his Presidential address 9%llama I>bal said@

"I would like to see the Punj!No#th west $#ontie# %#o&in'eSind nd (lu'histn

)l*)ted into sin*le stte+Sel$ *o&e#n)ent within the (#itish e)%i#e without the (#itish

e)%i#ethe $o#)tion o$ 'onsolidted No#th ,est Indin Musli) Stte %%e#s to )e to !e

the $inl destin- o$ the Musli)s t lest o$ no#th west Indi+"

CONCLUSI.E SENTENCES

It is on his %llahabad ddress that %llama I>bal is kno$n as the dreamer of Pakistan.8is address

roved to be a milestone in the history of the Sub -ontinent and the creation of Pakistan.

-ultural 8eritage of Pakistan

Cultu#l He#it*e o$ Pkistn

INTRODUCTION

In the develoement of any nation.Its cultural heritage and its glorious ast lays a vital role and

serves as a source of insiration and ride for tBits eole.3ur country Pakistan is accordingly roud

of its cultural heritage.

DEFINITION OF CULTURE

21 | P a g e



-ulture may be defined as behaviour eculiar to human beings9together $ith material objects

used.-ulture consists of languge 9ideas9beliefs9customs9codes9institution9tools9techni>ues9$orks of

arts9ceremonies and so on.%ccording to %llama I>bal@

"Cultu#e en'o)%sses ll the )entls%i#itul nd %h-si'l 'ti&ities o$ ntion+It in'ludes the

!si' !elie$s nd $ith&lues nd lite#tu#e#t nd #'hite'tu#e)usi' nd )ode o$

d#ess)nne#s nd 'usto)s %#e&lent in *i&en so'iet-+"

PA/ISTANI CULTURE IS A ISLAMIC CULTURE

Pakistan is an Ideologic Islamic State.Its very eistence is due to Islam9so the Pakistani culture is

rimarily based on the Islamic $ay of life.%ll other ingredients of culture are insired by

Islam.Pakistani culture is highlighted by its grandeure 9simlicity9firm convictions and noble deeds and

ideas.

ARCHAELO0ICAL HERITA0E

Pakistan has been the cradle of civili7ation that dates back more than five millenium.3ver the

centuries9through successive $aves of migrations from the +orth #est9as $ell as by internal

migrations across the Sub -ontinent9%ryans9Persians94reeks9%rabs and Mughals came and settled in

the region and have left behind the archaelogical sites in Pakistan $hich is no$ being reserved.%

brief revie$ of the different civili7ations $hich flourished and then erished $ith the assage of time is

as under@

Moen1 jo1 D#o

Moen6jo6=aro is situated at a distance of some kilometers from Larkana.% civili7ation fourished there

some " years ago.It $as discovered by Sir &ohn Marshall in 1/22.Moen jo =aro stands as most

sectacular of all the ecavate cities of the Indus valley civili7ation.It is strange that at its glory9it $as a

beautiful city $ith brick $alled houses9illared halls9markets9baths9lanes9streets and ublic

laces.;very house had $alls9drains and bathrooms inside it.

H#%%

8araa is situated in the city o Sahi$al.Scientist and archaelogists believe that 8araa also

belongs to the Indus valley civili7ation.,emains of this city $ere ecavated in the 1/2.

0ndh#

It is comarratively a ne$ civili7ation9the regions comrising +orthern Punjab9Pesha$ar valley and

;astern %fghanistan $as kno$n as 4andhara.<or a long time it remained the meeting lace of

various ancient cultures9as it $as rule by many rulers.% distinctive art $hich is kno$n as 4andhara %rt

took lace from here and flourished during the 2nd and !rd century of -hristian era.:housand

monastries and stuas $ere $idely built here (uddhaAs figures9shaes and monastries all made

rominent features of 4andhara %rts.

(uddhist Re)ins

:he (uddhist era ushered in some ' years (.-.:he (uddhist monastery :akht6i6(ahi is in

+.#.<.P .It dates 26' century old.Some mounds $ere also found near Pesha$ar $hich reresent

anishkaAs mighty Pakistan.%n imressive comle of -haels9Stuas9>uadrangles and monkAs cells

are also found.:he great (uddhist civili7ation no$ forming the heritage of the resent Pakistan

culture.

22 | P a g e



T2il

It $as ecavated in recent times near ,a$alindi.:aila is the most oular name in history.It came

into rominence during the Persian occuation.%t its 7enith9the city $as the nucleus of religious and

cultural activities.

Thtt

:he main to$n of :hatta is famous for secimens of Indo6Muslim architecture in the Sub

-ontinent.+oteable among them is the great mos>ue built by Shah6&ahan.:he rincile monuments

of :hatta are located on the Makli 8ill.

ARCHITECTURAL HERITA0E

Lho#e Fo#t

It is also kno$n as Shahi 5ila.It $as built by %kbar.:he main structure inside the fort are the Moti

Masjid9=i$an6e6%am9Maktab hana9the Shish Mahal and +a$lakha.:he 8athi and %lamgir gates are

also remarkable constructions.

(dshhi Mos3ue

It $as built by %urang7eb.Its architecture is similar to the &amia Masjid =elhi.:he mos>ue has been

built $ith red stones $hile the domes are in marble.

4hn*i# To)!

:his tomb $asbuiltby Shsh &ahan.It is kno$n as a fine building of Lahore.

Shli)# 0#den

It is situated on the 4rand :runk ,oad and is a magnificent remnant of Mughal 4randeur.:he garden

constitutes of three terraces9one above the other.(esides there is an elobrate and beautiful

reservoir9$ater channels and fountains.

Msjid ,5i# /hn

It is situated in ashmir (aa7ar inside the $alls of the old city.It $as built by +a$ab #a7ir han $ho

$as a viceroy of Punjab under Shah &ahan.

0olden Mos3ue

It is situated near the Masjid #a7ir han .It $as built during the rule of Mohammad Shah and it is also

a very beautifull iece of architecture.

Mh!t /hn Mos3ue

:his Mos>ue $as built by a 4overnment of Pesha$ar.Mahabat han9duringShah &ahanAs region.It

has afine massive structured $ith lofty minarets.

The Fo#t o$ (l Hs#

:his fort $as built on raised lateform /2 feet from the ground level.:here are t$o gardens near the

fort.

HERITA0E IN FINE ARTS

Pintin*s

2* | P a g e



:he art of ainting has develoed slo$ly in the Muslim of South %sia.In the beginning decorative

aintings and embroidery $ere made on the $alls and ceilings of buildings.:he Mughal rulers $ere

very fond of aintings.:he traditional art of ainting occuies a rominent lace in the eole of

Pakistan.%bdul ,ehman -hughtai98aji Mohammad Sharif9&amil +agshare are the most distinguished

ainters.

Clli*#%h-

:he Muslim took a keen intrest in the romotion of calligrahy.Its main reason is their dee love $ith

8oly 5uran.=uring this eriod many kinds of calligrahy rogressesd.:he mos>ues constructed

during early and medieval eriods of Islam $ere decorated $ith masterieces of calligrahy.

Musi'

:he Mughal contributed a great deal to the romotion of music and Pakistan has inherited musical

traditios that go far back in history.%meer husro and :ansain are famous musicians of the historical

era.

A#'hite'tu#e nd S'ul%tu#e:he Muslim art of architecture $as uni>ue in every asects.:he architecture and all the miniature arts

including carving9sculture9mosaic $orks9tile $orks and aintings $ere called uon to build ne$

mos>ues and laces.

CONCLUTION

In the develoement of Pakistan society9its cultural heritage has layed a vital role.Pakistani nation is

justly roud of the historical eriod $hich brings $ith nearly "th century (.- and continued $ith the

advent of Islam in Sub -ontinent in th century %.=.

"Ou# 'ultu#l he#it*e e2%#esses 'ou#*e %tients nd h#d li$e+The- ll #e in 'onne'tion with

li$e whi'h is $und)entl %#t o$ Isl)i' te'hin*s+"

Date post:	21-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	muhammad-asad-ali
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

Pak Studies Xii

Documents