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Pakistan Solar pv tubewell potential and economics

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Potential and economics of Solar Irrigation Pumps in Pakistan
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Solar PV Tube Well Potential and Economics March 2013 Akhtar Ali Proplan Associates [email protected] 1
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Page 1: Pakistan Solar pv tubewell potential and economics

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Solar PV Tube Well Potential and Economics

March 2013Akhtar Ali

Proplan [email protected]

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Table 1 : Tube well irrigated land and potential for Solar PV

• ___________________________________________________• Total number of Farms+8.26 Million• Total Farm Area =52.91 Million Acre• Total Cultivated Area=42.6 Million Acre• o/w irrigated by canal and tube wells both=13.89 Million Acre• and irrigated by tube wells only=6.08 Million Acres• Estimated coverage of Tube wells=12 Million Acre• @0.5 kW per acre, Solar PV potential=6000 MW• _________________________________________________________• Author’s Estimate, data source; Agricultural Census of Pakistan 2010•

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Table 2 :Existing Tube Well Statistics and Solar PV Potential

• Total number of Tube Wells = 1 million plus• o/w Diesel based =834905(11000 MW)• and Electric =250,000(3000 MW)• Average HP per Tube Well=17 H.P.(12.68 kW)• Typical Capacities:10,15,20,22,25 HP• Diesel, number of days of operation=125 days per year• Electric, number of days of operations=184 days per year• Solar PV ,optimal number of days of operation=300 days per year• Estimated number of obsolete pumps(installed before1994)=400,000• Estimated Solar PV demand for 300 days of operations=8000 MW• Assumed Target 50% conversion in 10 years=4000 MW• Yearly conversion =400 MW(40,000 solar pumps)• ___________________________________________________________________• Author’s Estimate, data source; Agricultural Census of Pakistan 2010;Agricultural

Machinery Census 2004• •

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Micro-economics of Solar PV in Tube well visa-vis Diesel EngineCase study of a 15 kW Solar Tube well replacing diesel engineItem units Amount/ValueSolar PV capacity kW 15Capacity factor hours 1600Annual Electricity produced kWh 24000Replacement cost of Diesel Rs/kWh 25Annual Diesel replacement Rs/yr 600000CAPEX Solar PV and Pump Rs 1800000Investment Payback Period years 3Equity @30% Rs 540000Loan Rs 1260000Repayment period years 10interest rate %p.a 14Annual Debt servicng Rs $241,559 Annual saving for first 10 yrs Rs $298,441 Equity payback Period yrs $1.81 Present Value of 25 yrs saving Rs $5,446,224 Net Present Value @10% Rs $3,646,224 IRR % 33.31

Electricity cost in1-10 years Rs/kWh $10.06 Electricity cost in11-25 years 0

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Pump Head or Power Calculations;• : GPM x TDH / 3960 = WHP• GPM = Gallon per minute at the best efficiency point• TDH = Total discharge head (measured in feet), as shown on the

pump curve ; at the best efficiency point)• WHP = Water horse power or the amount of horse power the pump

is generating.• Doing the same thing in the metric system we would get:

• M3/ HR = Cubic meters per hour of capacity as measured at the best efficiency point on the pump curve.

• TDH = Total discharge head, in meters, at the best efficiency point.• WKW = Water kilowatts of power being generated by the pump• Divide Water Watts by Pump Efficiency

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PV Panel Selection

• The power of solar panel=power of pump X 1.3

• the voltage of solar panel=the voltage of pump

• the controller should be matched

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Pump kW calculations and PV Panels

Pump#1 Pump#2 Pump#3 Pump#4

Daily Consumption CM/d 1000 500 750 250

Number of hours per day hrs/d 8 8 8 8

Hourly Flow CM/hr 125 62.5 93.75 31.25

Dynmic Head Meters 10 20 20 15

Efficiency % 60 60 60 60

Motor Power Reqd KW 5.79 5.79 8.68 2.17

PV Panel Power kW 7.52 7.52 11.28 2.82

Number of Panels@200 Watt pcs 38 38 56 14

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Table :Tubewells by HorsePower Capacity and power source(2004)PakistanCapacity(H.P.) Diesel Electric Total< 10 5760 20340 26100>10<15 122575 27793 150368>15<20 586097 20363 606460>20<22 13165 391 13556>22<24 14107 289 14396>25 93207 16701 109908Total 834911 85877 920788RoG %p.a.upto2004 7% 2.96% 6.12%Wt.Avg.HP 18 14 17Provincial DistributionPunjab 697156 109097 806253Sindh 64128 31793 95921KpK 4223 12335 16558Balochistan 11872 23716 35588Total 777379 176941 954320

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Total Average use of time Renting out timeAdministrative No. of Days Hours Number of Average Average

Unit tubewells/ per per tubewells/ Hours Hourlylift pumps year day lift pumps rented rate

per year (Rs.)

Punjab:110Electric 61931 183 6 22174 619

Diesel 771642 124 5 143308 315 114Sindh:

112Electric 3449 151 7 513 468Diesel 42691 123 6 6502 311 111

KPK:106Electric 9829 152 4 2350 431

Diesel 11020 108 5 2583 380 122Balochistan:

120Electric 10659 227 7 681 532Diesel 9552 189 5 611 259 121

Pakistan:110Electric 85868 184 6 25718 597

Diesel 834905 125 5 153004 316 114

USE AND RENTING OUT TIME OF PRIVATE ELECTRIC & DIESEL TUBEWELLS/LIFT PUMPS DURING LAST 12 MONTHS

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Total Number of Tubewells/Lift pumps by Purpose of InstallationAdministrative number of Supplementing Irrigation of Replacement of

Unit/ Type of tubewells/ Canal waterBarani/Sailaba

land wells/karezesTube-Wells lift pumps Number % of Number % of Number % of

Total Total Total

Punjab:Tubewells 829437 587146 70.78 194765 23.48 57681 6.95Lift Pumps 5415 731 13.50 3811 70.37 914 16.87

Sindh: .Tubewells 38330 34125 89.02 4055 10.57 283 0.73Lift pumps 7809 6877 88.06 713 9.13 260 3.32

KPK:Tubewells 18705 3289 17.58 14630 78.21 925 4.94Lift Pumps 2186 379 17.33 1551 70.95 263 12.03

Balochistan:Tubewells 19172 637 3.32 9912 51.70 9296 48.48Lift Pumps 1134 170 14.99 767 67.63 203 17.90

Pakistan:Tubewells 905644 625197 69.03 223362 24.66 68185 7.52Lift Pumps 16544 8157 49.30 6842 41.35 1640 9.91

PRIVATE TUBEWELLS & LIFT PUMPS BYPURPOSE OF INSTALLATIONSource : Pakistan Agricultural Machinery Census - 2004.

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TABLE NO 57.DIESEL TUBEWELLS BY TYPE OF

PUMP

TOTAL

GOVERNMENT PRIVATE

ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT

CENTRI- TUR- WELL

CENTRI- TUR- WELL

CENTRI- TUR- WELL

FUGAL BINE WITH FUGAL BINE WITH FUGAL BINE WITH

PUMP PUMP PUMP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PAKISTAN 784006 21572 12199 277 120 75 783729 21452 12124

N.W.F.PROVINCE 2957 2920 2850 6 14 2 2951 2906 2848

PUNJAB PROVINCE 744303 15501 5196 111 25 13 744192 15476 5183

SINDH PROVINCE 32763 915 1556 139 - - 32624 915 1556

BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE 3983 2236 2597 21 81 60 3962 2155 2537

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PRESENT DEPTH OF TOTAL *WATER TABLE TUBEWELLS

1 2PAKISTAN

UPTO 10 FEET 2246611 TO 20 FEET 12538221 TO 30 FEET 22402731 TO 40 FEET 18870741 TO 50 FEET 11675051 TO 75 FEET 9499976 TO 100 FEET 59965

101 TO 150 FEET 31053151 TO 200 FEET 11053201 FEET AND ABOVE 12378

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INDIAN SOLAR PV TUBE WELL SPECS MNRE INDIA

APPENDIX

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Description Model I Model II Model III Model IV

Solar PV 1200 Wp 1800 Wp 3000 Wp 4800 Wp

array

Motor pump Submersible with Submersible Submersible with Submersible with

set type electronic with electronic electronic electronic

controller controller controller controller

Max. total 50 Metres 50 metres 80 Metres 80 Metres

dynamic

head

Module MS hot dipped MS hot dipped MS hot dipped MS hot dipped

mounting galvanised, three galvanised, galvanised, three galvanised, three

structure times manual three times times manual times manual

tracking facilities manual tracking tracking facilities tracking facilities

facilities

Required 45 Sq. Metres 75 sq. Metres 120 sq. Metres 200 sq. Metres

shadow free

area

Water 34,000 Litres per 51,000 litres per 51,000 litres per 82,000 litres per

Output * day from a total day from a total day from a total day from a total

head of 30 head of 30 head of 50 metres head of 50 metres

metres metres

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Description Model-I Model-II Model-III

Solar PV array 900 Wp 1800 Wp 2700 Wp

Motor pump set Centrifugal DC Centrifugal DC Centrifugal DC

type monoblock monoblock monoblock

Motor capacity 1 HP 2 HP 3 HP

Operating 60 V DC (nominal) 60 V DC (nominal) 90 V DC (nominal)

voltage

Suction Head 7 metres 7 metres 7 metres

Max. total 10 metres 15 metres 25 metres

dynamic head

Module MS hot dipped MS hot dipped MS hot dipped

mounting galvanised, three times galvanised, three galvanised, three

structure manual tracking times manual times manual

facilities tracking facilities tracking facilities

Required 30 sq. Metres 75 sq. Metres 120 sq. Metres

shadow free

area

Water Output * 77,000 litres per day 154,000 litres per 115,000 litres per

from a total head day from a total head day from a total head

of 10 metres of 10 metres of 20 metres

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Mounting Structure

• The modules support structure shall be mild steel, hot dipped galvanized (120 micron) iron for holding the PV modules. The size of angle iron should not be less than 50x50x5 mm.

• • Each panel frame structure shall be so fabricated as to be

grouted on ground or roof on its legs. It will withstand severe cyclone/ storm with the speed of 150 Km/Hr.

• • Each panel frame structure shall have provision to adjust its

angle of inclination to the horizontal between 10 to 40 degrees with a step of 10 degree, so that the inclination can be adjusted at the specified tilt angle whenever required.

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Motor Pump type

• I. Surface mounted DC motor pump-set• II. Submersible DC motor pump set• III. Submersible AC motor pump set• IV. Floating DC motor pump set

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PV Panel Specs

• Modules supplied with the SPV water pumping systems should have certificate as per IEC 61215 • specifications or equivalent National or International/ Standards. • Modules must qualify to IEC 61730 Part I and II for safety qualification testing. • • The efficiency of the PV modules should be minimum 13% and fill factor should be more than 70%. •

– The terminal box on the module should have a provision for “Opening” for replacing the cable, if required. •

– Each PV module must use a RF identification tag (RFID), which must contain the following information:

• Name of the manufacturer of PV Module • Model or Type Number • Serial Number • Month and year of the manufacture • I-V curve for the module • Peak Wattage of the module at 16.4 volts • Im, Vm and FF for the module • Unique Serial No and Model No of the module

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APPENDIX

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Pakistan Solar Insolation Map

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