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8/4/2019 Pakistan Status of S & T in Pakistan
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Tariq Bashir Tariq Bashir Pakistan Council for Science and TechnologyPakistan Council for Science and Technology
IslamabadIslamabad
November 8, 2006November 8, 2006
Status of Status of Science and TechnologyScience and Technologyin Pakistanin Pakistan
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Over view
System of S&T Governance
Status of S&T Development and S&T Statistical Indicator s
Current S&T Policy Initiatives
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Over view of S&T GovernanceSystem in Pakistan
PrimeMinister
National AssemblyStanding
Committee on S&T
Senate StandingCommittee on S,T &
Education
Minister forS&T
OtherMinisters*
PMSecretariat
NationalCommission for
S&T
Ministry ofS&T
*RelatedMinistries
PAECHEC
Pakistan Councilfor S&T
* Ministries of IT & Telecom., Agriculture, Education, Industries, Health etc.
S&T / R&D Organizations
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National Commission for Science andNational Commission for Science and
Technology (N
CST)Technology (N
CST) Constituted in 1984
Apex body on S&T matter s headed by PM
27 member s PCST is Secretar iat of NCST
Acceleration of scientif ic and technological capacity
building for rapid and sustainable economic growth
Consideration of major programmes of S&T sector
and establish guidelines
Coordination of inter-minister ial and inter-provincial
S&T programmes
Details
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Status of S&T
Development and S&TStatistical Indicators
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Status of S&T Development and S&TStatus of S&T Development and S&TStatistical IndicatorsStatistical Indicators
S&T Development in Histor icalPer spective
S&T Manpower
R&D Expenditure
Information Technology
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S&T Development in HistoricalS&T Development in HistoricalPerspectivePerspective
At the Time of Independence in 1947:
Meager Human and Financial Resources
Poor Infrastr ucture* Only 4 Laborator ies
Two Univer sities
One Agr icultural College
* Excludes East Pakistan
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S&T Development in Historical PerspectiveS&T Development in Historical Perspective«..2«..2
At Present:
Independent Ministr ies for: Science and Technology
Information Technology and Telecommunications
Higher Education Commission
85 Major S&T Organizations with 228 researchinstitutes / centres / labs etc.
114 Univer sities / Degree Awarding Institutes including: 11 Engineer ing and Technology Univer sities
6 Agr icultural Univer sities
7 Medical Univer sities
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Growth of Higher Education Institutions inGrowth of Higher Education Institutions inPakistanPakistan
0
0
40
60
80
100
1 0
1947 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 001 006
No of HEIs
ota
Pu ic
Private
Source: HEC
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S&T Manpower S&T Manpower
3098
7 61 8659
405
6 148
3643
0
10000
0000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Re ear er Te n an an
va en S a
O er S ppor n
S a
To a Fe a e
Source: PCST
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Growth of PhDs in PakistanGrowth of PhDs in Pakistan
2
22
2
2
2
2 2 2
Source: PCST
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Researchers by Level of QualificationResearchers by Level of Qualification
5546
83
4714
499
649
18500
444 407 37
0
5000
10000
15000
0000
5000
h an uivalent Masters an achelor Others
otal overn ent i her ucation
Source: PCST
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Number of Researchers by ield of ScienceNumber of Researchers by ield of Science
0
1000
000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Na ural
Sciences
n ech Medical
Sciences
A ricul ural
Sciences
Social
Sciences
uman i ies
o al overnmen i her duca ion
Source: PCST
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Percent of Total Researchers Working inPercent of Total Researchers Working inHigher Education and Public Sector R&DHigher Education and Public Sector R&D
OrganizationsOrganizations
Higher
Education
75 05%
overn ent4 95%
Source: PCST
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Researchers by ield of Science inResearchers by ield of Science inHigher EducationHigher Education
Natural
Sciences
4%
Engineering
and
echnology
17%
Medical
Sciences
0%
Agricultural
Sciences
8%
Social
Sciences
17%
Hu antities
14%
Source: PCST
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Researchers by ield of Science inResearchers by ield of Science inPublic Sector OrganizationsPublic Sector Organizations
Natural
Sciences
19%
ngineeringand
echnology
19%
Medical
Sciences
6%
Agricultural
Sciences
50%
Social
Sciences
%
u antities
4%
Source: PCST
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R&D ExpenditureR&D Expenditure
2
- - - -2
2 -- - - - - - -
2
-
2
-2
2
2 -
2
-
2
-
2
-
Rs Mi i n
Source: PCST
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R&D Expenditure as Percent of GDPR&D Expenditure as Percent of GDP
2
- - - -2
2 -- - - - - - -
2
-
2
-2
2
2 -
2
-
2
-
2
-
Percent
Source: PCST
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Share of Different unding Sources inShare of Different unding Sources inTotal R&D ExpenditureTotal R&D Expenditure
overn ent
74 34%
nternational
Research
rants
0 69%
igher
Education
3 47%
Not
Distri uted
1 50%
Source: PCST
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FieldField Wise Expenditure of Wise Expenditure of R&D OrganizationsR&D Organizations
Ot ers
%Defence cience
and ec nolog
2 %
griculture,
ivestock and
Fis eries
%
& ervices
2 2 %Engineering and
ec nolog
2%
ndustrial
Researc
%
Forestr
%
ealt
2 %
Eart ciences
%
Source: PCST
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FieldField Wise Expenditure of Wise Expenditure of Higher Education InstitutionsHigher Education Institutions
gricultural
Universities
%
Engineering
Universities
2 %
Medical
Universities
2 %
eneral
Universities
%
Source: PCST
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Information TechnologyInformation Technology
Number of IT companies 675 (Registered PSEBMember s)
Number of companies ISO-cer tif ied 100 companies
Number of foreign IT & Telecomcompanies working in Pakistan
60
Industr y size ± (according to apreliminar y study under taken by PSEB)
US$ 2 Billion (WTOPrescr ibed formula)
IT and IT-enabled services expor t in
year 2005-2006
US$ 72.21 Million
Growth in expor ts over the last oneyear
56%
Expor t targets for the current f iscalyear 2005-2006
US$ 108 Million
Source: PSEB
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Information TechnologyInformation Technology««2««2
Number of IT graduates produced per
year
About 20,000
Number of univer sities offer ing IT / CS
programs
110
Number of IT professionals engaged
in expor t or iented activities (Sof tware
development / Call centres etc.)
More than 10,000
Total number of IT professionals employed in the countr y
90,000
Total IT spending in f iscal year 2005-
2006
US$ 1.4 Billion
Source: PSEB
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Increase in OperativeIncrease in Operative
BandwidthBandwidthMbps U $
Decrease in Price of Decrease in Price of
the Bandwidththe Bandwidth
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Spread of Internet Ser vices in PakistanSpread of Internet Ser vices in Pakistan
Nume r of
oca ities
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Growth of Internet sers in PakistanGrowth of Internet sers in Pakistan
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
Mi ion
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Current S&T Policy
Initiatives
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Main reas of Current InitiativesMain reas of Current Initiatives
Programme reasProgramme reasNo of No of
ProjectsProjectsmount llocatedmount llocated
(Rs million)(Rs million)
Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development 162162 9602.649602.64
Upgradation of R&D Infrastr uctureUpgradation of R&D Infrastr uctureand Launching of R&Dand Launching of R&DProgrammesProgrammes
114114 3932.073932.07
Technology Development andTechnology Development andIndustr ializationIndustr ialization
6666 2638.362638.36
Strengthening of Policy,Strengthening of Policy,
Coordination and Management Coordination and Management Str uctureStr ucture 1111 80.5180.51
Information TechnologyInformation Technology 8383 2638.812638.81
TotalTotal 2.2.
*Estimate of PSDP for the f inancial year 2006-07
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Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development
Indigenous PhD ProgrammeIndigenous PhD Programme
Mer it Scholar ship Scheme for PhD in S&Mer it Scholar ship Scheme for PhD in S&
Split PhD ProgrammeSplit PhD Programme
PostPost--Doctoral Fellowship ProgrammeDoctoral Fellowship Programme
Foreign Scholar ships for PhD
Teacher s and Researcher s Over seas Scholar ship Scheme(200 scholar ships per year )
PhD Scholar ships in Natural and Basic Sciences, China(50 scholar ships)
PhD Scholar ships in Engineer ing Sciences, China(40 scholar ships)
PhD Scholar ships for Engineer ing, Sciences and Technology, Austr ia (40 scholar ships)
PhD Scholar ships in Natural and Basic Sciences, France
(40 scholar ships)
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Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development««2««2
PhD Scholar ships in Engineer ing and S&T, Germany (40 scholar ships)
MS / MPhil leading to PhD in Engineer ing, Natural and BasicSciences, Humanities, Social Sciences for Teacher s of Weaker Univer sities (100 scholar ships)
Availing Services of Expatr iate Pakistani Scientists and Availing Services of Expatr iate Pakistani Scientists and
Engineer s and Foreign AcademiciansEngineer s and Foreign Academicians Curr iculum Development at Graduate and PostCurr iculum Development at Graduate and Post--graduate Levegraduate Leve
Strengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of NewStrengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of NewTechnologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions)Technologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions)
Training of Laborator y TechniciansTraining of Laborator y Technicians Par ticipation of Scientists and Technologists in InternationalPar ticipation of Scientists and Technologists in International
Conferences, Seminar s etc.Conferences, Seminar s etc.
Special S&T AllowanceSpecial S&T Allowance
Research Productivity AllowanceResearch Productivity Allowance
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UpUp Gradation of R&D InfrastructureGradation of R&D Infrastructureand Launching of R&D Programmesand Launching of R&D Programmes
Peer Review of R&D OrganizationsPeer Review of R&D Organizations
Restr uctur ing of R&D OrganizationsRestr uctur ing of R&D Organizations
Increase in the Recurr ing Budget of R&DIncrease in the Recurr ing Budget of R&Dorganizationsorganizations
Repair and Maintenance of Laborator y EquipmentRepair and Maintenance of Laborator y Equipment
National Science Librar iesNational Science Librar ies
Establishment of Endowment Funds for Engineer ingEstablishment of Endowment Funds for Engineer ingUniver sitiesUniver sities
Suppor t for Scientif ic SocietiesSuppor t for Scientif ic Societies
R&D Programmes in Pr ior ity Areas R&D Programmes in Pr ior ity Areas
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Technology Development andTechnology Development andIndustrializationIndustrialization
Pakistan Technology BoardPakistan Technology Board
Technology Development FundTechnology Development Fund
Venture Capital FundVenture Capital Fund
Technology Cluster Centres Technology Cluster Centres Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Author ityPakistan Standards and Quality Control Author ity
Establishment of Pakistan National AccreditationEstablishment of Pakistan National AccreditationCouncilCouncil
Crash Awareness Raising and Training Programme inCrash Awareness Raising and Training Programme inQuality ManagementQuality Management
Industr ial Analytical CentresIndustr ial Analytical Centres
Science and Technology for Economic DevelopmentScience and Technology for Economic Development
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Strengthening of Policy CoordinationStrengthening of Policy Coordinationand Management Structureand Management Structure
Strengthening of MoST and PCSTStrengthening of MoST and PCST
Improving Provincial CoordinationImproving Provincial Coordination Enhancing International CooperationEnhancing International Cooperation
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Information TechnologyInformation Technology
Human Resource Development Human Resource Development
Enabling Measures Enabling Measures
EE--Government Government
Industr y Suppor tIndustr y Suppor t
Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct Investment Investment
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Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development
Seven new IT univer sities Seven new IT univer sities Vir tual Univer sity has beenVir tual Univer sity has been
Funding public sector degreeFunding public sector degree--awarding institutes toawarding institutes toincrease the intake of Bachelor s and Master s in ITincrease the intake of Bachelor s and Master s in IT
Faculty of international caliber invited to join localFaculty of international caliber invited to join localuniver sitiesuniver sities
Large number of scholar ships for Bachelor s andLarge number of scholar ships for Bachelor s andMaster sMaster s
Promotion of IT education at school and college levelPromotion of IT education at school and college level
Shor t training in basic IT education, in MedicalShor t training in basic IT education, in MedicalTranscr iption, Cisco and Legal Transcr iptionTranscr iption, Cisco and Legal Transcr iption
Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs) Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs)
National Testing Service similar to GRE and S AT National Testing Service similar to GRE and S AT
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Enabling MeasuresEnabling Measures
IT Law: facilitate eIT Law: facilitate e--commerce and provides a legalcommerce and provides a legalcover to oncover to on--line transactions requir ing digitalline transactions requir ing digitalsignature and authenticationsignature and authentication
Accreditation of IT Education: suppor ted by an Accreditation of IT Education: suppor ted by anOrdinanceOrdinance
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EE GovernmentGovernment
The web por tal for the Government of Pakistan, webThe web por tal for the Government of Pakistan, websites of 34 Federal Ministr ies / Divisions and 3 specialsites of 34 Federal Ministr ies / Divisions and 3 specialpurpose websites developedpurpose websites developed
Off ice Automation of Government Ministr ies Off ice Automation of Government Ministr ies
Automation of Salar y withdrawal of Federal Automation of Salar y withdrawal of FederalEmployees from ATMs Employees from ATMs
The automation of the Distr ict Governments (2 modelThe automation of the Distr ict Governments (2 modeldistr icts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu distr icts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu
& Kashmir )& Kashmir )
Internal Email and Mail Tracking system for improvingInternal Email and Mail Tracking system for improvingthe accountability of action handling and speeding upthe accountability of action handling and speeding upintraintra--minister ial communicationminister ial communication
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Industry SupportIndustry Support
Quality Standards: subsidize to IT companies inQuality Standards: subsidize to IT companies inprepar ing for cer tif ications for ISO 9001 and CMMprepar ing for cer tif ications for ISO 9001 and CMM
Assistance to local IT companies in international Assistance to local IT companies in internationalmarketingmarketing
Assistance in execution of business plans for domestic Assistance in execution of business plans for domesticmarketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT marketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT events and exhibitions)events and exhibitions)
An information centre for IT industr y with an up An information centre for IT industr y with an up--toto--datedate
librar y in major citieslibrar y in major cities Industr ial Automation programmeIndustr ial Automation programme
Measures to increase investment in IT industr y (IT Measures to increase investment in IT industr y (IT infrastr ucture, education, medical & legal transcr iption,infrastr ucture, education, medical & legal transcr iption,
IT call centres and wireless communications)IT call centres and wireless communications)
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Policy Incentives to Encourage FDIPolicy Incentives to Encourage FDI
Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per month per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbpsmonth per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbps
1515--year income tax exemption for IT companiesyear income tax exemption for IT companies
Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT
professionalsprofessionals Sof tware expor ting companies are allowed to retainSof tware expor ting companies are allowed to retain
35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts
Reduction in royalties charged on PayphoneReduction in royalties charged on Payphone
companies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% tocompanies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% to0.66%0.66%
ISPs intending to star t business in the province of ISPs intending to star t business in the province of Balochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license feeBalochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license fee
for 5 year sfor 5 year s
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Policy Incentives to Encourage FDIPolicy Incentives to Encourage FDI«««2«««2
Zero percent impor t duty on computer s and computer Zero percent impor t duty on computer s and computer par tspar ts
Full repatr iation allowed for capital gains, dividends Full repatr iation allowed for capital gains, dividends and prof itsand prof its
Processing per iod for license applications in theProcessing per iod for license applications in thederegulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days deregulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days onlyonly
Tax relief for f ir st year allowance @ 90% of machiner y Tax relief for f ir st year allowance @ 90% of machiner y
cost (50% on equipment for IT services)cost (50% on equipment for IT services) SevenSeven--year income tax holiday to Ventureyear income tax holiday to Venture--CapitalCapital
FundsFunds
Deregulation of several f inancially attractive IT andDeregulation of several f inancially attractive IT and
telecom valuetelecom value--added servicesadded services
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BiotechnologyBiotechnology
Thrust reas of Biotechnology PolicyThrust reas of Biotechnology Policy Human Resource Development Human Resource Development
Research and Development Research and Development
Mar ine Biotechnology Mar ine Biotechnology
Industr ial Biotechnology Industr ial Biotechnology
HealthHealth
Agr iculture Agr iculture
Environment Environment Bioinformatics Bioinformatics
Public Awareness Public Awareness
IPR and Ethical ConsiderationsIPR and Ethical Considerations
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Thank YouThank You
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Composition of NCST
Chairman Pr ime Minister of PakistanVice Chairman Minister for S&TMember/Secretar y Chairman, PCST
Minister for Finance
Minister for Agriculture
Minister for Industries
Minister for Education
Provincial Ministers for S&T (4)
Deputy Chairman, PlanningCommission
Secretary, S&TR Division Secretary, IT&Telecom Division
Secretary, Ministry of Education
President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Chairman, Pakistan Engineering
Council
Chairman, Higher EducationCommission
Chairman, Pakistan Atomic EnergyCommission
Chairman, Pakistan Council forScientific and Industrial Research
Chairman, Pakistan AgriculturalResearch Council
President, Federation of PakistanChambers of Commerce & Industry
Scientists/Technologists nominatedby Prime Minister (3)
Industrialists nominated by PrimeMinister (2)
Other Members
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