Pakistan Studies Final Project

8/6/2019 Pakistan Studies Final Project

1/28

NAME: - ATIF JAMIL

REGISTRATION: - 2530-FMS/BBA/S09

PROGRAMME: - BACHELORS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

DEPARTMENT: - BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

FACULTY: - FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

BATCH: - 19 (A)

SEMISTER: - 5th

SUBJECT: - PAKISTAN STUDIES

FINAL PROJECT: - DICTATORSHIP IN PAKISTAN

TEACHER: - SIR DR. GHULAM AHMED BEHLOL

TEACHERS REMARKS:-


2/28

DICTATORSHIP

IN

PAKISTAN

TOPIC


3/28

CONTANTS OF PRESENTATION

IntroductionDefinition ofDictatorWhat is Dictatorship?Pe

riods of

MilitaryD

ictatorsh

ip inP

akistanEra ofAyub Khan, 1958-1969Era ofYahya Khan, 1969-1971Era ofZIA UL-HAQ, 1977-1988Era ofMusharaf, 1999-2008Timeline ofMilitary Rule in PakistanC

onclusion


4/28

IntroductionMy name is AtifJamil and I am here to give presentation on

DICTATORSHIP IN PAKISTAN. In my presentation I willdiscuss the periods of dictators in Pakistan and the main

events happened at the time of their rule and also the

condition of Pakistan during their rule. The reason of

selection is topic is that Much of Pakistans history has

been related with dictatorship. From self-proclaimed

Field Marshall, General Ayub Khan to the so called Chief

Executive, General Pervez Musharaf, the total span of

military rule is more than 33 years.

Definition ofDictator1. politicsPOWERFUL RULER:a leader who rules a countrywith absolute power, usually by force

2. BOSSY PERSON:somebody who is regarded as behavingin an autocratic(A person with unlimited power or

authority) or domineering(acting with or showing

arrogance) way


5/28

3. Ancient historyTEMPORARY ROMAN RULER:in ancientRome, a temporary appointed leader with absolute

power to deal with a crisis or an emergency

What is Dictatorship?A dictatorship is defined as an autocraticform of

government in which the government is ruled by an

individual, the dictator. It has following possible

meanings:

1.A government controlled by one person, or a smallgroup of people. In this form of government the

power rests entirely on the person or group of

people, and can be obtained by force or by

inheritance. The dictator(s) may also take away

much of its peoples' freedom.

2.In contemporary usage, dictatorship refers to anautocratic form of absolute rule by leadership

unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social

and political factors within the state.


6/28

Periods ofMilitaryDictatorship in Pakistan

There are three main Periods of dictatorship in

Pakistan in which Four Military Dictator Ruled Pakistan

For more than 33 Years which is a very long time. As

Pakistan is a Democratic country in ruler is elected by

the people of state in election through votes but

unfortunately military dictator does not give much time

to democracy in Pakistan that why Pakistan is in so

much trouble now-a-days.

Starting from the beginning the first dictator in

Pakistan is:

1.GENERAL AYUB KHAN FROM1958TO 19692.GENERAL MUHAMMAD YAHYA KHAN FROM1969TO 19713.GENERAL MUHAMMAD ZIA-UL-HAQ FROM 1977TO 19884.GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARRAF FROM 1999TO 2008


7/28

Era ofAyub Khan, 1958-1969

MARTIAL LAW OF1958

By implementing Martial Law in 1958,by General, Dreams

of Muslims of subcontinent were buried under their

boots, and irreparable loss to this nation occurred by

those power lusty Generals, The Details of which are as

follows.

LOSS OF STATUS OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE

Due to Implementation of Martial Law, Democratic rightsof nation were lost, and Pakistan lost the status of a

democratic nation, a right and status on the basis and

principles of which Pakistan was created

LOSS OF STATUS OF A NONALIGNED NATION

Due to Military Generals, Pakistan was gone completely

in USA camp, against Soviet Union, while in fact there

was no conflict between Pakistan and Soviet Union, and

Soviet Union was our neighboring country and was havingHuge Muslims populations in its Central Asian states,

it was very convenient by using these factors for

developing strong and durable friendship with soviet

Union, as that of China we have developed. Due to wrong

policies of Military Generals, Soviet Union became


8/28

enemy of Pakistan, and which later on proved very

fatal.

DAMAGE TO UNITY OF PAKISTAN

As per constitution of 1956, it was decided that each

Province will be represented either by Prime Minister

or President of the country. But General Ayub violated

this principle and ruled the country as a dictator for

about 10 years, this created sense of deprivation in

East Pakistan, for which 100 % Military Generals were

responsible.

ADVANTAGES TO INDIA:

Military Dictator Ship in Pakistan and due to loss of

status of a democratic state, these things were very

favorable for India for damaging the Interest of

subcontinent Muslims and Pakistan, and full advantage

was taken by India of the foolish acts of Pakistani

Generals.

Being itself under Military Dictatorship, Pakistan

demand for right of self-determination for Kashmir was

weakened. Although, Military Dictatorship in Pakistanwas highly beneficial for India, India superficially

showed as India is against dictatorship, to give

impression to patriotic Pakistanis as Military

Dictators were highly beneficial for Pakistan. By

developing bad relationship with Pakistan, India kept

at a distance its Muslims Population from developing

any people to people contacts with Pakistan. By

developing good relationship with Russia, India forced

Afghanistan not to develop close relationship with

Pakistan.

WAR OF1965

Due to Military Dictator ship, India instead of giving

right of self-determination to People of Kashmir,

selected to take the advantage of non-democratic


9/28

government in Pakistan, therefore tried to use military

force to solve that problem for ever, although desire

of Kashmiri and Pakistani nation to liberate the

Kashmir was very high, but due to military dictatorship

in the country it was impossible for Pakistan to gain

any thing by that conflict.

India was a six times larger country than Pakistan, due

to being only single huge nation for Hindus, it was

quite clear that its Hindu population will be highly

motivated and devoted for the defense and interest of

India, therefore in such situation it was completely

out of question to liberate Kashmir with any military

operation, therefore decision of liberation of Kashmir

by war in1965

was completely against the wisdom andknowledge of warfare, by that war Pakistan economy was

seriously damaged and useless loss of army personnels

and equipment was occurred .

INCAPABILITY OF DICTATORS

In 1965 war when with the sacrifices of Pakistani

soldiers Indian defense line was totally broken, and

Kashmir valley was laying in front of Pakistani army,

Dictators again failed to show their competitivenessand confidence and instead of moving forward they

stopped the army forward movement. This resulted in the

wastage of sacrifices of soldiers and Pakistani nation.

TRANSFER OF POWER1968

General Ayub instead of handing over power to Speaker

of National Assembly handed over power to another

General by this he showed no respect for his oath for

sacrificing his life for nation, as a compromise forhis life he surrendered to other Generals.


10/28

Era ofYahya Khan, 1969-1971

Dictator Yahya Khan was well known as a loose character

man, his era is full of highest victimization of

Pakistani nation and Army, it is sometimes thought that

government of Pakistan was handed over to this man just

to punishedPakistani nation by Dictator Ayub, Because

it is completely unpredictable that how this man was

able to become the president of an Islamic nation, this

is a mystery till today. Some blunders of Yahya Khan

are as follows,

CONSTITUTION ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1970:-

In the presence of 1956 and 1962 constitutions and

against the advice of intellectuals of the nation that

it will be very difficult to develop a new constitution

for the country, elections were hold by this dictator

for new constitution which led the country to an

unbendable crisis.

INABILITY TO HANDLE THE CRISIS AFTER ELECTIONS:

After elections politicians of the country failed to

reach on any consensus on new constitution as

forecasted already by the intellectuals, Dictator Yahya

Khan instead of persuading them to reach on some type


11/28

of consensus, tried to use the policy of divide and

rule for continuing his own rule and for this he had to

find some reasons for which he had not to wait so long.

INCAPABILITY OF UNDERSTANDING TO ENEMY

Dictator Yahya totally failed to understand the policy

of India based on from first day of creation of

Pakistan that how to create disunity among Muslims. On

the basis of this policy India kept Indian Muslims at a

distance from Pakistan by treating Pakistan as an enemy

country. India created bad relations between Pakistan

and Afghanistan. India created bad relations between

Pakistan and Soviet Union so that Pakistan could not

develop again their historical relations with centralAsians Muslims.

In 1970 elections Indian RAW was main instrument, which

was mainly responsible for cultivation of hatred

between West and East Pakistan, But Dictator Yahya

failed to comprehend this policy of India.

INDIAN TACTICS:

In the final stages of Indian policy to create disunityamong Muslims, India used its agents for

irritating(annoying) Dictator Yahya and Government of

Pakistan, so that in response to such

irritation9annaoying) ,Dictator like Yahya will do some

highly irresponsible and uncharacteristic acts such as

military actions or any other sever reaction ,which

will be very fruitful for Indian design.

To irritate(annoy)DictatorYahya following acts were

done by Indians agents in East Pakistan.

Burning of Pakistan Flags.Burning of Quaid-e-AzamEffigy

(Dummy).Killing of Urdu Speaking Muslim refugees from

India. Killing of soldiers and investors of West

Pakistan.


12/28

All these acts were being done by Indians agents to

make the situation more and more worse; it was the

responsibility of Yahya to understand the tactics of

India.But instead of taking the help of Mr. Mujib,

Dictator Yahya did the uncharacteristic act of Military

Action, and by a military court Death Penalty was

awarded to Mr. Mujib.

FALL FROM POWER

Public anger over Pakistan's defeat by Bangladesh and

the division of Pakistan into two parts boiled into

street demonstrations throughout. Yahya became the

highest-ranking casualty of the war: to forestall

further unrest, on December 20, 1971 he handed over

power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, age 43, the ambitious

leader of West Pakistan's powerful People's Party.

Shortly after Yahya stepped down, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

reversed Rahimuddin Khan's verdict, released Sheikh

MujiburRahman and saw him off to London. Pakistani

President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, ordered the house arrest

of his predecessor, Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan, the man

who imprisoned Mujib in the first place. Both actions

produced headlines round the world.

DEATH

Yahya Khan died in August 1980, in Rawalpindi.

PERSONAL LIFE

He was known as a heavy drinker, with a preference forwhiskey. Khan's close close friend and mistress during

his reign was AkleemAkhtar, otherwise known as General

Rani (General's Queen)


13/28

Era o

f

ZIA UL-HAQ,1977-1988

On 8 January 1977 a large number of opposition

political parties grouped to form the Pakistan National

Alliance(PNA). Bhutto called fresh elections, and PNA

participated in those elections in full force. They

managed to contest the elections jointly even thoughthere were grave splits on opinions and views within

the party. The PNA faced defeat but did not accept the

results, alleging that the election was rigged. They

proceeded to boycott the provincial elections. Despite

this, there was high voter turnout in national

elections; however, as provincial elections were held

low voter turnout and an opposition boycott, the PNA

declared the newly-elected Bhutto government as

illegitimate. All the opposition leaders called for the

overthrow of Bhutto's rule. Political and civil

disorder becomes great, which led to more unrest.

Bhutto imposed martial law in major cities including

Karachi, Lahore and Hyderabad. However, a compromise

agreement between Bhutto and opposition was ultimately

reported. On 5 July 1977, before the announcement of


14/28

any agreement, Bhutto and members of his cabinet were

arrested by troopsunder the order of General Zia.

POSTPONEMENT OF ELECTIONS AND CALL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY

After assuming power as Chief Martial Law

Administrator, General Zia promised to hold National

and Provincial Assembly elections in the next 90

daysand to hand over power to the representatives of

the nation. He also stated that the Constitution of

Pakistan had not been abrogated whatsoever, but had

been temporarily suspended. However, in October 1977,

he announced the delay of the electoral plan and

decided to start an accountability (responsibility)

process for the politicians. Zia said that he changedhis decision due to the strong public demand for the

scrutiny of political leaders who had engaged in

illegal practice in the past but there is no evidence

to this claim. Thus the "retribution first, elections

later" PNA policy was adopted.

A Disqualification Tribunal was formed, and several

individuals who had been Members of Parliament were

charged with malpractice (illegal) and disqualified

from participating in politics at any level for thenext seven years. A white paper document was issued,

incriminating (appear guilty) the deposed Bhutto

government on several counts.

THE DOCTRINE OF NECESSITY

Nusrat Bhutto, the wife of the deposed Prime Minister,

filed a suit against General Zia's military rule,

challenging the validity of the July 1977 military

coup. The Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled, in whatwould later be known as the Doctrine of Necessity (not

to be confused with the 1954 Doctrine of necessity)

that, given the dangerously unstable political

situation of the time, General Zia's overthrowing of

the Bhutto government was legal on the grounds of


15/28

necessity. The judgment tightened the general's hold on

the government.

THE TRIAL OF ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO

On 4 April 1979, the former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali

Bhutto was hanged, after the Supreme Court upheld the

death sentence as passed by the Lahore High Court. The

Supreme Court ruled four to three in favour of

execution. The High Court had given him the death

sentence on charges of the murder of the father of

Ahmed RazaKasuri. Despite many appeals from foreign

leaders requesting Zia to revoke Bhutto's death

sentence, Zia dismissed the appeals and upheld the

death sentence. The hanging of an elected primeminister by a military man was condemned by the

international community and by lawyers and jurists

across Pakistan.

APPOINTMENT OF MARTIAL LAWGOVERNORS

The Zia rule largely made use of installing high-

profile military generals to provincial administration

under martial law. Zia's Guides Comrade Lieutenant

General FazleHaq was appointed Governor of KhyberPakhtunkhwa province. Zia's tenure saw the influx

(inlow) of heroin, sophisticated weaponry, and

countless refugees in from neighboringAfghanistan.

Lieutenant General S.M. Abbasi was appointed Governor

of Sindh; his tenure too saw civil disorder amid

student riots. By contrast, martial law governor

General Jilani of Punjab made much headway in

beautifying Lahore, extending infrastructure, and

muting political opposition. The ascent of Nawaz Sharif

to Chief Minister of Punjab was largely due to General

Jilani's sponsorship.Perhaps most crucially, General

Rahimuddin Khan's appointment to the post of martial

law Governor of Baluchistan saw the

disbanding(splitting) of the Baloch, as well as the


16/28

construction of nuclear test sites in the Chagai

District.

FORMATION OF MAJLIS-E-SHOORA

In the absence of a parliament, General Zia decided to

set up an alternative system, Majlis-e-Shoora, in 1980.

Most of the members of the Shoora were intellectuals,

scholars, ulema, journalists, economists, and

professionals belonging to different fields of life.

The Shoora was to act as a board of advisor's to the

President. All 284 members of the Shoora were to be

nominated by the President, also known as a technocracy

or government of technocrats (a bureaucrat who is

intensively trained in engineering, economics, or aform of technology).

INVOLVEMENT IN THE SOVIET-AFGHAN WAR

THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN

On 25 December 1979, the Soviet Union (USSR) invaded

Afghanistan. General Zia, as President of neighboring

Pakistan, was asked by several cabinet members to hold

self-back from interfering in the war, owing to thevastly superior military power of the USSR. General

Zia, however, was ideologically opposed to the idea of

communism taking over a neighboring country, supported

by the fear of Soviet advancement into Pakistan,

particularly Baluchistan, in search of warm waters, and

made no secret about his intentions of monetarily and

militarily aiding the Afghan resistance (the

Mujahideen) with major assistance from the United

States.

ECONOMIC REFORM

Under Zia, the previous ruler Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's

nationalization policies were slowly reversedand

gradual privatization took place. General Zia greatly

favored equality and industrialization. Between 1977


17/28

and 1986, the country experienced an average annual

growth in the GNP of 6.8%, one of the highest in the

world at that time.

FIGHTING THE WARBY PROXY

Zia now found himself in a position to demand billions

of dollars in aid for the Mujahideen from the Western

states, famously dismissing a United States proposed

$325 million aid package as "peanuts". Pakistan's

Inter-Services Intelligence and Special Service Group

now became actively involved in the conflict, and in

cooperation with the Central Intelligence Agency and

the United States Army Special Forces supported the

armed struggle against the Soviets.

In 1981, Ronald Reagan succeeded Jimmy Carter as

President of the United States. Reagan was completely

against the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites,

dubbing it "the evil empire". Reagan now increased

financial aid heading for Pakistan. In 1981, the Reagan

Administration sent the first of 40 F-16 jet fighters

to the Pakistanis. But the Soviets kept control of the

Afghan skies until the Mujahideen received Stinger

missiles in 1986. From that moment on, the Mujahideen'sstrategic position steadily improved.

The Soviets declared a policy of national

reconciliation. In January they announced that a Soviet

withdrawal was no longer linked to the makeup of the

Afghan government remaining behind. Pakistan, with the

massive extra-governmental and covert backing from the

largest operation ever mounted by the CIA and financial

support of Saudi Arabia, therefore, played a large part

in the eventual withdrawal of Soviet troops fromAfghanistan in 1988.

THE WAR LEGACY

The war left deep scars to the Pakistani society with

the menace of Kalashnikov (AK-47assault rifle) culture


18/28

spreading all over the country. It is estimated that

there are currently 20 million firearms in Pakistan,

which has a population of about 175 million(as of July

2010) i.e., almost every ninth person has a firearm,

most likely an automatic one. The rise of the illicit

drug trade and its spread through Pakistan to the rest

of the world increased tremendously during the Soviet-

Afghan war. Afghanistan's drug industry began to take

off after the Soviet invasion in 1979. Desperate for

cash with which to buy weapons, various elements in the

anti-Communist resistance turned to the drug trade.

This was tolerated if not condoned by their American

sponsors such as the CIA.

Two Afghan Mujahideen groups later morphed intoJihadist outfits in the shape of Taliban and Al-Qaeda

in the early 1990s. The Pakistan and US trained Arab

and Afghan fighters later in 2001 initiated a 'Jihad'

against US. The links of the spectacular and deadly

events of September 11 were deeply rooted in the

Soviet-Afghan war. Osama bin Laden invested his

inherited money into the Soviet-Afghan war to fight the

'communist power' and was backed by CIA, ISI, US and

Pakistani military establishments for over 10 years. To

this day Pakistan is bearing the result of thisstrategy and has been dragged deeply into a war with no

apparent end.

LAL MASJID OF ISLAMABAD

The land of Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) was awarded to the

resident by Zia ulHaq.Abdul Aziz Ghazi and Abdul Rashid

Ghazi of JamiaHafsa had special relations with Zia

ulHaq and those links were further enhanced by his son

Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq during his term as a minister of

religious affairs. The former head of Lal Masjid,

Maulana Abdullah who was famous for speeches on Jihad

(Holy war), is said to be very close to Zia ulHaq.


19/28

Era ofMusharaf, 1999-2008MUSHARRAF DICTATORSHIP

After the Kargil war Musharaf is feared that he will

dismissed from army, Therefore by violating the bestinterest of the nation when enemies of Pakistan were

waiting for opportunities to overthrow Taliban rule in

Afghanistan, and to destroy Kashmir liberation movement

and to surgically remove nuclear arms of Pakistan, by

having no care of the above mentioned interests of the

nation ,this dictator staged the coup against a Prime

Minister who was having two third majority in the

parliament, at that time only a civilian government was

in best position to solve all above challenges butfoolish dictators were having no care of interests of

the nation.

KASHMIR;


20/28

Due to Dictator Ship in Pakistan, liberation movement

in Kashmir was seriously damaged; more dust was poured

on that weakening movement by foolish suggestions of

this dictator. This is the reason that even after

giving so much sacrifices, still Kashmiris are waiting

for freedom.

DAMAGE TO INTEGRITY OF PAKISTAN:

As the survival of any nation depends on the basic

ideology of that nation, as Pakistan was created on the

name of Islam and for the welfare of Muslim populations

of Different areas, but this dictator was having no

respect for the traditional, religious. Democratic and

justice values of society, he was not in line with thementality and thinking of the nation, nation was

thinking in one direction and he was having mind of

opposite direction, which caused serious damage to

unity and integrity of Pakistani nation.

WAR AGAINST AFGHANISTAN:

After 9/11 When he was waiting for help of USA for

strengthening his dictatorship, he helped those enemies

of Pakistan who were having desire to overthrow IslamicGovernment of Afghanistan, while in fact that was a

golden opportunity for convincing to USA and world that

solution to the problem of extremism in Afghanistan

should be left to both governments of Afghanistan and

Pakistan, and at other hand it was a convenient

opportunity for creating a union between Pakistan and

Afghanistan for countering terrorism for the purpose of

avoiding the war in the region. but due to his

dictatorship these goals were not possible, especially

when India the main enemy of Muslim unity in South Asia

pressurized Pakistan, by giving unnatural offer of Air

bases in India to USA for aggression against

Afghanistan while in fact by this offer it was not

possible for USA to attack Afghanistan, by this offer,

India just aim was to force Pakistan to become an ally


21/28

of USA against Afghanistan, so that a hatred may be

created between Pakistan and Afghanistan, This foolish

General was unable to comprehend this policy of India,

due to which so much civilian atrocities are going on

in this region even today and this region has become

the most destabilized region of the world.

War against Afghanistan was opposed by civilian,

military intellectuals, Corps Commanders and people of

Pakistan, but dictator was having no care about that.

And was interested in his personnel interest

War against Afghanistan has caused a huge destruction

in Afghanistan and large number of Pakistani civilians

and military personnels have been killed.

DESTRUCTION OF PAKISTAN

War against a neighbor Muslim country, has seriously

damaged Pakistan Islamic Ideology, and it is simple

that without adherence to ideology, no country in the

world can survive, this is the reason that now Pakistan

is facing serious problem in each and every sphere of

life, Institutions of Government and Military,

Parliament and Judiciary are now facing seriousproblems as all these pillars of state have been

seriously damaged by dictatorial policies.

DAMAGE TO ARMY:

Due to operations against its own population, Pakistan

Army has lost all support of people, this is the reason

that due to policies of this dictator, daily so many

soldiers and Police personnels are loosing their

lives, Instead of protecting and helping to each other,Army and people of Pakistan are cutting throats of each

other, Due to operation in FATA, Balouchistan, and

operation of Lal Mosque, serious damage to image of

army has occurred. This dictator did not know that only

relation and link between different areas and sections

of people of Pakistan is that of Islam, All energy and


22/28

motivation of Pakistani nation comes from Islam,

without that even survival of Pakistan is simply

impossible, but this dictator was having no care of

that, This is the reason that army and security forces

have lost all motivation, and anti-social elements are

committing freely their crimes.

DAMAGE TO JUDICIAL SYSTEM:

This under graduate General has caused serious damage

to Judicial system of Pakistan, He was not knowing

that in history when a dictator throw away any judge

on street due to fair practices of justice then that

Judge becomes the greatest judge of history, In Karachi

on 12-05-2007,so many civilians were killed just todamage and abuse the Judicial system of Pakistan.

DAMAGE TO PARLIAMENT:

This dictator for the lust of power in 1999 removed a

prime minister who was having Two Third majority in

Parliament and a fake referendum was held to validate

his dictatorship in which he showed that he was having

support of 98 % of people, while in fact in history

even in a single constituency of Pakistan it is simplynot possible for any candidate to win so much support.

He re-elected himself as a president for next five

years, being a government employee wearing Military

Uniform, while as per Pakistan constitution it is not

allowed to compete elections being in job of

Government, moreover from a parliament which already

has elected him president once, and was going to

complete its life just in next few months.

ECONOMY

In 1999, under Nawaz Sharif, Revenue generation of

around Rs.308 billion could not meet the growing

expenditure requirements; with only an average of Rs.80

billion being spent on Public sector development

programs (PSDP) annually. From this Rs.308 billion


23/28

around 65% was being utilized for debt servicing. In

1988 Pakistans foreign debt was $18 billion, but at

the end of 1999 it had accumulated to become $38

billion. Public and external debt exceeded 300% of

foreign exchange earnings.

y Pakistans economy grew by 100% to become $ 160billion

y Revenue grew by 100% to become $ 11.4 billiony Per Capita income grew by 100% to become $ 925y Foreign Reserves grew by 500% to become $ 17

billion

y Exports grew by 100% to become $ 18.5 billiony Textile exports grew by 100% to become $ 11.2

billiony Karachi Stock Exchange grew by 500% to become $

75 billion

y Foreign Direct Investment grew by 500% to become$ 8.4 billion

y Annual Debt servicing decreased by 35% to become26%

y Poverty decreased by 10% to become 24%y Literacy ratio grew by 10% to become 54%y Public development Funds grew by 100% to become

Rs 520 billion

Pakistan came out of the list of Highly Indebted Poor

Countries (HIPC) while setting it on path of

prosperity, growth and economic reforms. World Bank,

IMF, and ADB praised Pakistan for its reforms, fiscal

policies and macro-economic achievements.

CORRUPTION ISSUES

When Musharraf came to power in 1999, he claimed thatthe corruption in the government bureaucracy would be

cleaned up.[

In 2001, according to a survey conducted by

Transparency International, Pakistan was ranked as the

world's 11th most corrupt nation. However, by 2002


24/28

Pakistan's rating had improved 13 places within the

year, to be ranked 24th. By 2007, Pakistan was ranked

138th out of 179 countries, placing it as the 41st most

corrupt country in 2007. Overall, under Musharraf's

regime, Pakistan's rating improved by 30 places.

SUSPENSION AND REINSTATEMENT OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE

On 9 March 2007, Musharraf suspended the Chief Justice

of Pakistan, Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry,

pressing corruption charges against him and filed a

reference against the Chief Justice. He replaced him

with ally Acting Chief Justice JavedIqbal.

His removal of Chaudry was deemed politically motivatedby the public. Musharraf's moves sparked protests among

Pakistani lawyers. On 12 March 2007, lawyers started a

campaign called Judicial Activism across Pakistan and

began boycotting all court procedures in protest

against the suspension. In Islamabad, as well as other

cities such as Lahore, Karachi and Quetta, hundreds of

lawyers dressed in black suits attended rallies,

condemning the suspension as unconstitutional. Slowly

the expressions of support for the ousted Chief Justice

gathered momentum and by May, protesters and oppositionparties took out huge rallies against Musharraf and his

tenure as army chief was also challenged in the courts.

On 20 July, the Supreme Court reinstated Chaudhry. PPP

Co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari also has reportedly

refused to reinstate the sacked chief justice of

Pakistan (CJP) Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, apparently

due to the fear that the latter, if reinstated, might

reopen for adjudication cases on the National

Reconciliation Order. During a meeting of leaders ofthe ruling coalition in Lahore on 23 July 2008, Zardari

repeatedly insisted on not reinstating Chaudhry,

reported the Daily Times.

LAL MASJID


25/28


26/28

Much of Pakistans history has been related with

dictatorship. From self-proclaimed Field Marshall,

General Ayub Khan to the so called Chief Executive,

General Pervez Musharaf, the total span of military

rule is more than 33 years.

The chart below summarizes the democratic and military

span of our history. The most significant event of each

dictatorial rule is also highlighted which reveals a

very interesting pattern. It is not surprising to note

that each military rule leaves behind a legacy of

destruction the scars of which are carried by 160

million souls in Pakistan to this day.


27/28

ConclusionIt is true the economy of Pakistan is grow in the rule of

dictatorship but this boom in economy growth during these

dictators rules is due to the aid from the us and other

country but beside these growth due to that aid we also give

path to many trouble to come into our country the benefitsfrom this economy growth is much much less than the

problem we face after the end of the rules of these

Dictators

From all above analysis it is clear that running of the

country should be done by those who are specially trainedfor that purpose otherwise Military Generals, who are

trained just to kill or destroy the enemy, when they come to

the power they do the same thing with their nation and they

are very fond of wars and very interested in show of power

with guns, such type of people may be very dangerous for the

nation, army and world at large. It is also the responsibility


28/28

of Army as an institution to clarify that why so much easier

it becomes obedient to such dishonest dictators.

Date post:	07-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	atif-jamil
View:	243 times
Download:	2 times

Pakistan Studies Final Project

Documents