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Page 1: Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN · 7 L3 L2 L2 ISP1 Single Trust –Network security model sever-jug Edge WAN - Internet Network segmetacija Switch Router Firewall NAT DHCP DMZ
Page 2: Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN · 7 L3 L2 L2 ISP1 Single Trust –Network security model sever-jug Edge WAN - Internet Network segmetacija Switch Router Firewall NAT DHCP DMZ

Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN

Zero-Trust Arhitektura – I did IT my Way

Andrej Motaln, univ.dipl.ing

[email protected]

2

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3

Predstavitev – Kdo smo Mi?

• Active Certifications – Microsoft: MCSA, MCSE, Cisco: CCNP, CCDP,

HPE: ASE for Datacenter, VMware: VCP6 DCV, VCP6 NSX, PaloAlto: PCNSE, …

Datum ustanovitve: februar, 2009; 12 zaposlenih

Osnovne dejavnosti:

• Izgradnja IT sistemov

• Svetovanje, vzdrževanje in podpora uporabnikom

• Izobraževanje in Pearson VUE izpitni center

• Gostovanje podatkovnega centra (hosting)

Ne prodajamo samo opreme; naročnikom ponujamo celovite rešitve.

Project Engineering

• Liaison between the project manager and the technical disciplines involved in a project ...

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4

V podjetjih in inštitucijah, kot so:

proizvodna podjetja, banke, zdravstvo, loterija in različne vladne inštitucije,

smo izvedli kompleksne projekte s področja izgradnje informacijske infrastrukture

Ponudimo lahko celovito rešitev na naslednjih področjih:

Podatkovni center (načrtovanje in izgradnja infrastrukture: omare, UPS, agregati,

el. in komunikacijske inštalacije, nadzor okolja, požarni sistemi in obveščanje)

Kompleksni samostojni in rezinski strežniški sistemi (HPE in Lenovo)

Hiperkonvergentne arhitekture VMware vSAN, NUTANIX

Pomnilniški (diskovni, tračni, VTL) sistemi (HPE in IBM), SAN infrastruktura (Brocade + Cisco)

Virtualizacija: VMware, Hyper-V, Citrix

Virtualizacija namizja - VDI

Sistemske platforme: MS WIN, LINUX, Novell, Apple

Optične in bakrene inštalacije v kampusu podjetja ali ustanove

Komunikacije: Cisco (stikala Catalyst in Nexus, brezžična omrežja, usmerjevalniki)

HPE/Arruba (stikala, brezžična omrežja ), Lenovo (stikala)

VMware NSX SDN omrežja

Varnostne platforme: Palo Alto Networks, Cisco, Sophos

Povezava podatkovnih centrov preko najetih optičnih vlaken - WDM sistemi proizvajalca ADVA

Zaščita podatkov: Veeam, CA ARCserve, HP Data Protector

Podatkovne baze: MS SQL

Elektronska pošta: Exchange, Zimbra

Nadzorni sistemi: Nagios, OP Manager, Veeam ONE, Panorama, MS System center

Oprema delovnega mesta – delovne postaje (HP, Lenovo), tiskalniki, čitalci, monitorji, licence….

Podpora strankam: Arhides – Asistenca (klicni center, usposobljena ekipa)

Arhides Izobraževalni Center in Pearson VUE izpitni center

Gostovanje podatkovnega centra (Hosting)

Področja – ki jih pokrivamo

Project Engineering – Celovite rešitve

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5

Izhodiščna dejstva

• Najbolj pomemben je VAŠ (NAŠ) Datacenter

Naš Data Center

• Internet in Uporabniki so NE-VARNI

“Trust no one”

• 7-kratni GARTNER Magic Quadrant Leader

PaloAlto Networks

NGFW

Page 6: Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN · 7 L3 L2 L2 ISP1 Single Trust –Network security model sever-jug Edge WAN - Internet Network segmetacija Switch Router Firewall NAT DHCP DMZ

Data is giving rise to a new economy – Fuel of the future

6

Ekonomija se obrača

1. Data … , 2. Oil … , 3. Arms … , …

GDPR - Do the data protection rules apply to data about a company?

https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection/reform/

Answer: No, the rules only apply to personal data about individuals, they don’t govern data about

companies or any other legal entities.

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7

L3

L2

L2

ISP1

Single Trust – Network security model

sever-jug

Edge

WAN - Internet

Network segmetacija

SwitchRouterFirewall

NATDHCP

DMZMail

Proxy

Web

Web

App

Db

Področje NE-zaupanja

Wireless

L3

L2

L2

ISP1

Edge

WAN - Internet

Network segmetacija

SwitchRouterFirewall

NATDHCPPodročje zaupanja Internal)

DMZMailProxy

Web

Web

App

Db

Wireless

ISP1 ISP2

Področje NE-zaupanja

• Port – Aplikacije ?

• IP naslov – Uporabnik ?

• Paketi – Vsebine ?

Kaj gre dejansko skozi?

• Pregled prometa• Razmejitev področij

Varovanje na prehodu v Internet, SECURITY ZONE, ...

Profil uporabnikov:

• Delovne postaje, AD – varni uporabniki• Wifi dostop, Mobile, IoT – nevarni uporabniki

Naš Data CenterEXTERNAL Treat

EXTERNAL Treat

Področje zaupanja Internal)

Farma Serverjev Farma Serverjev

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8

Razpršena omrežja – sever-jug, …?

• Centralna lokacija – varnost FW (Sever-Jug)

• Problem proti strežnikom in delovnim postajam

• Oddaljene lokacije – varnost FW (Sever-Jug)

• ACL – Layer 3 stikala

L3

L2

L2

Firewall

ISP1 ISP2

L3

L2

L3

L2

Oddaljena lokacija

OSPF, IPSec in GRE

VLAN 10,11,22, ...

VLAN 20,21,22, ...

OSPF, IPSec in GRE

Oddaljena lokacija

OSPF, IPSec in GRE

Na Core stikalih ACLi?

No comment …

Internet in/ali

MPLS

SwitchRouterFirewall

NATDHCP

Web

App

Db

Internet promet• Lokalno ven - ne• Čez centralno lokacijo - da

VPN SSL

Naš Data Center

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9

Štiri leta star – “Legacy” Firewall

Legacy Firewall• Duplicated

• Redundant

• Shadowed

• Unused

• Overlay

• Permissive

Prenos Access List s pomočjo script … ZGODOVINA SE PONAVLJA!

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10

TDL-4

Poison IVY

Rustock

APT1

Ramnit

Bot

Citadel

Aurora

Team viewer

Stateful Inspection kasificira promet s pregledom IP header-ja• Source IP, source port

• Destination IP, destination port

• Protocol

Interne tabele kreirajo mapiranje na well-known protokole/port-e• HTTP = TCP port 80

• SMTP = TCP port 25

• SSL = TCP port 443

Freegate

Tcp / 443

SSL/Port 443 – Univerzalni mimohod

PaloAlto NG FW

Cisco ASA FW

Port-hopping, uporaba SSL in ssh,

uporaba porta 80 ali ostalih

nestandardnih portov – različni

načini vstopa v računalniške

sisteme?

Layer 7 “Next Generation” Appliance

Paketno filtriranje, ACLi, zaščita po IP/Port-u za znani promet? SSL dekripcija, AP-ID, User-ID in Contetnt-ID

port 53 (DNS)

Benign – varno

Grayware – nezaželeno (adware, spyware, Browser Helper Objects)

Malware – nevarno (viruses, worms, trojans, Remote Access Tools, rootkits in botnets)

Layer 1-4 Stateful Firewall (Cisco ASA)

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11

PaloAlto Networks – NG Firewall

In Security Zone

DNS Alert

Endpoint Alert

AV Alert

SMTP Alert

AV Alert

Web Alert

Web Alert

SMTP Alert

DNS Alert

AV Alert

DNS Alert

Web Alert

Endpoint Alert

WildFire – zero-day malware (New signature in 15 min)

Avtomatski pdf reporti

Sledimo napadom

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12

Single Trust

• Externi Firewall

Dual Trust

• LB (IPS) – Full TCP proxy

• Interni Firewall (pogojno)• hitrost (10Gbps in več)

Dual Trust – Network security model

L3

L2

L2

WAN - Internet

Network segmetacija

I. Področje zaupanja (Internal) DMZMailProxy

Web

Web App Db

Wireless

ISP1 ISP2

Področje NE-zaupanja (External)

Naš Data Center

DbApp

App Db

Web

Web

II. Področje zaupanja (Server)

HA Load Balancer

Farma Serverjev III. Produkcijsko omrežje

• Roboti, ICS/SCADA, PLC stroji,

MESs (manufacturing execution systems)

II. Poslovno omrežje

• Farma serverjev

ScadaCNC

MESs

Scada

Raspberry PI

Robot

Krmilnik

MESs

III. Področje zaupanja (SCADA)

Produkcija

PLC

NGFWVery High SpeedMultiple 10GBuild Security into Network DNA

Segmentation Gateways

Internal firewalls – Intrusion prevention, Application layer monitoring or Malware protection

• StateFull Firewall?

• Session Offload?

Ločujemo zunanje in notranje Firewall-e!

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13

Roko na srce – vsi imamo “Backdoor-e”

Predjamski Grad

Mikrotik (lan)

Linksys (wifi)

Industrijski sistemi v4.0 in Industrijski IoT z LTE vmesniki

pFsense (VMs)

https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/backdoor/

Panorama• VM or Appliance

PaloAlto Captive Portal

Unit 42

Page 14: Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN · 7 L3 L2 L2 ISP1 Single Trust –Network security model sever-jug Edge WAN - Internet Network segmetacija Switch Router Firewall NAT DHCP DMZ

14Uporabljamo (EDL) External Dynamic Liste v kombinaciji z URL filtri in Security Policy

PaloAlto NGFW ni več samo APP-ID,

User-ID in Content-ID

• Štirje bonbončki:

• Uspešno varovanje Microsoft Office 365

• Uspešno varovanje pred Ramsonware

• Dinamično sledenje Remote VPN uporabniškim sejam

• Remote Access s Multi-Factor avtentifikacijo

• ...

Aperture

Continous Cloud

Monitoring

Traps Advanced Endpoint

Protections

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15

Zero Trust – Network security model

L3

L2

L2

WAN - Internet

Network segmetacija

I. Področje zaupanja (Internal) DMZMailProxy

Web

Wireless

ISP1 ISP2

Področje NE-zaupanja (External)

Naš Data Center

II. Področje zaupanja (Server)

HA Firewall

Mikrosegmentacija• Pred vsak Server 10G interface• Pred vsak Server FW interface• DataCenter 60 Serverjev• DataCenter 100 Serverjev• Datacenter 200 Serverjev• Datacenter 300 Serverjev• ...

• Vsi strežniki pod kontrolo FW ne

glede na lokacijo

• Nadzor in logiranje vsega

prometa

• Zero Trust – “Verify and never

Trust!”

• Design from the inside out

• Design with compliance in mind

Never Trust, Always VerifyPromet: Vzhod-Zahod

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16

Stack, … Stack, …

(VSS,vPC, IRF, VFS)

Uplink-i:

10, 40, 100 Gbps

Segmentation Gateway

Tradicionalna hierarhična omrežja

Kam bomo umestili FW-e:

• core/distribution/access

• colaps core

• leaf/spine

• …

Core

Aggregation

L3

L2

Access

(HSRP, VRRP)

(VLANi in RSTP+)

L3

L2

L2

Colaps core

L3

L2

L3 P2P, … (ECMP)

Spine, …

Leaf, …

iBGP

(IGRP, EIGRP in OSPF)

Leaf/Spine

Klasična omrežja se le počasi spreminjajo, ACLs, DNA, …

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17

• SDN – OpenFlow v1.3

• Data plane: paketi (streaming)

• Control plane: sledenje sprememb topologij, preračunavanje route, postavljanje pravil (distributed algorithms)

• Management plane: konfiguriranje in kolekcioniranje podatkov (dynamic access control)

SDN – Software-Defined Networking

• Predstavljajmo si: kot controller based wireless

• Prim. Cisco WLC ali HPE Aruba

• Mreža 16x WLAN se definira centralno

• Kontrolni signali gredo po svojih linijah

• WLAN na VLAN se lahko attache-a lokalno, ali čez kontroller

• ...

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18

Trinivojska arhitektura (deja vu) ...

VXLAN Overlay

Compute

Clusters

Management

Cluster

Edge Cluster

SDN na VMware-ov način – (NSXi,

VXLANi in omrežni servisi)

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19

VMware vSphere network do včeraj

– “Application hair pinning”

ESXi-1 Standard Switch

ESXi-2 Standard Switch

• Standardno stikalo

• Promet med port-groupa-mi (VLANI) gre ven iz strežnika

• Sintaksa – napake

• Spremembe posebej na vsakem ESXi hostu

• Traffic shaping – outbound traffic

• Samo CDP

• Distribuirano stikalo

• Promet med port-groupa-mi (VLANI) gre ven iz strežnika

• Port-Groupe skupne – (VLAN, Private VLAN)

• Uplinki (enako število, lahko različni)

• LACP

• CDP in LLDP

• Traffic shaping – inbound in outbound

Za vse servise se gre ven:

Routing, DHCP, NAT, VPN,

FW, LB, ...

• VMware vSphere omrežje

• Klasično omrežje

Težko uskladiti:

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20

Intel Procesor ranljivost L1TF:

• CVE-2018-3615 impacts Intel

Software Guard Extensions (SGX) and has a

CVSS Base Score of 7.9.

• CVE-2018-3620 impacts operating

systems and System Management Mode

(SMM) running on Intel processors and has

a CVSS Base Score of 7.1.

• CVE-2018-3646 impacts virtualization

software and Virtual Machine Monitors

(VMM) running on Intel processors and has

a CVSS Base Score of 7.1

Meltdown – poruši izolacijo med aplikacijo in OS-om

Spectre – poruši izolacijo med različnimi aplikacijami

• Specter - CVE-2017-5753 and CVE-2017-5715

• Meltdown - CVE-2017-5754

VM Firewall-i – Na Intel platformi

• Volkswagen emissions scandal, …?

• A Critical Intel Flaw breaks basic security for most computers,…?

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21

DLR Kontrola VM

Zunanje Omrežje

Web1 App1 DB1

NSX Edge

Distributed Routing

ECMP HA Model

Active/Standby HA ModelPosamezni HA Model

Active Standby

Active/Standby HA Model

• Firewall, Load Balancer in VPN

State Full

• Routing podpira ECMP

(Equal Cost/Multiple Path)

Ni vsak HA za vse Servise

Primerno za:

leaf/spine okolja?

Ne smemo pozabiti: PaloAlto NGFW as a SERVICE !

VMware SDDC – NSX SDN omrežje

VM-Series Firewall• App-ID application traffic• Content-ID DNS queries, malware sites, exploits

Dynamic Address Group• Using Tags instead of ip addresses

Panorama Centralized management• PaloAlto Networks VM-series as service to NSX

1 - Distributed Switch .

2 - Distributer Router ..

3 - Distributed Firewall …

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22

Distributed Firewall

• Micro-segmentation• Zero-trust• Goldilocks zone

Firewall Pravila• Layer 2,3,4

• User idetification (AD, LDAP, …)

• VMware vSphere Objekti

Če smo predaleč od Firewall-a:

imamo problem

Radi bi imeli ustrezno zaščito

na vsakem koraku

“Trust no one”

Micro-Segmentation:

A stateful Firewall at every

NIC or vNIC (not only VM)

NASA research – planet to support life

Klasika do danes:• Perimetrični Fizični firewall-i• V VM okolju SVM (serviceVM – (FW))

vNIC ima konektor na port-groupo!

Pozor, na ESXi hostu imamo lahko: 100, 200, 300 VMs z enim ali več Ethernet interface-om (vNics)

Firewall s 300 in več interface-i ???

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23

Nivoji Distributed Firewall-a

Povezava med vCENTER-om in

NSX manager-em je po protokolu:

AMQP (PORT TCP 5671)

Povezava med NSX

managerjem in ESXi hosti je po:

VSFWD (vShield firewall daemon)

/var/log/vsfwd.log

vSIP kernel modul pripravi vsaki VM VNICu memory strukturo VNIC-FW (SLOT 2)!

V tem memory prostoru se nahajata obe tabeli:

(Connection tracker tabela in rule tabela) – tabeli sledita paketom v obeh smereh!

Promet pride v VNIC-FW

preden pride dejansko v

VDS!

SLOT2: Uporablja DWF

+ Wireshark

dvfilter

NSX in PaloAlto dobita IP od VMs: VMware Tools ali SpoofGuard

Page 24: Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN · 7 L3 L2 L2 ISP1 Single Trust –Network security model sever-jug Edge WAN - Internet Network segmetacija Switch Router Firewall NAT DHCP DMZ

Integracija PaloAlto FW as service v NSXPanorama

VMware vSphere

Panorama VM

PA Firewall VM-Series

Firewall: Layer 2, Layer 3

in PaloAlto Networks

Virtual Wire

Različne VM-Series NGFW modeli – odlična integracija

PA NGFW – As VMware NSX service

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25

• Zgradba FW pravil:

• Pravila niso zgrajena

samo po IP naslovih

• Vsebujejo široki nabor ti.

kontejnerjev (VMware

vSphere objektov)

• VM name

• VM tag, VM attributes

• Cluster, datacenter

• Portgroups

• …

VC containers

- Clusters

- datacenters

- Portgroups

- VXLAN

VM containers

• VM names

• VM tags

• VM attributes

Identity

- AD Groups

IPv6 compliant

• IPv6 address

• IPv6 sets

Services

- Protocol

- Ports

- Custom

IPv6 Services

Choice of PEP (Policy

Enforcement Point)

- Clusters

- VXLAN

- vNICs

- …

Action

- Allow

- Block

- Reject

ACL pravilo:

FW pravila lahko (we must to) urejati znotraj sekcij – lepša preglednost!

DFW ACL lahko: - shranimo v datoteko

- lahko naložimo iz

datoteke

Rule - vrstni red

izvedbe:- Later 2 (Ethernet)

- Layer 3 (General)

- PaloAlto (Partner Security

Services)

“Posebni” objekti v NSX DFW ACLs

Page 26: Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN · 7 L3 L2 L2 ISP1 Single Trust –Network security model sever-jug Edge WAN - Internet Network segmetacija Switch Router Firewall NAT DHCP DMZ

Andrej Sekcija

- Nastavitve

- neposredno

- skozi DFW

Default Sekcija

- Default nastavitve

NSX Service Composer

Rule skozi:

- Security Groups

- Security Policies

- Security Tags

26

• Security grupe:• Določimo dinamično

članstvo

• Določimo statično

članstvo

• Določimo statične

izjeme

• Security pravila:• Guest in Network

Introspection

• Firewall rules

• …

• Security tag-i:• NSX Manager

• Third-Party Solutions• PaloAlto

• …

Service Composer omogoča gradnjo Kompleksnih - Dinamičnih pravil!

Security Policy

• Edit Firewall Rule

Security group

- Members after

- Security Tags

condition

Canvas

Service Composer in razširitev moči

DFW pravil

Page 27: Palo Alto Networks in VMware NSX SDN · 7 L3 L2 L2 ISP1 Single Trust –Network security model sever-jug Edge WAN - Internet Network segmetacija Switch Router Firewall NAT DHCP DMZ

27Security Group – Dynamic Inclusion, Static Inclusion or Static Exclusion

A genius move – Step-back and shoot

• Vmware NSX objekte prenesemo v PaloAlto Security policies

– Security tag vežemo na vSphere Object

– Dynamic Security Group tagging (vSphere Objects)

• PaloAlto Dynamic Address Group vežemo na

– _nsx_<dynamic address group name>

vSphere objekti:• DataCenter, Cluster, Resource pool, Virtual Machine• Security group, Distributed port group• vApp, Security Tag (VM name, OS Type, …)• Directory group, Computer OS Name• Mac sets, vNIC, IP Sets, Logical Switch

Luka Dončić

Security Centric &

Operation Centric

• Security Groups

• Steering Rules

Security Centric – Panorama

Operations Centric – NSX Manager

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28

Pet let kontinuiranega razvoja

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

vCloud Air

Google Cloud Deployment

Manager

Azure AppInsights

Azure Security Center

Google Stackdriver

AWS CloudFormation

AWS ELB

AWS Auto-Scaling

Azure

Azure ARM

Config Drive AWS Lambda

Azure App

Gateway

Azure Load

Balancer

Heat Templates

Podprte vse Cloud infrastrukture

Orkestracija in avtomatizirana integracija

Advanced Automation

VMware NSX je samo začetek: …

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29

• VM-series FW modeli:• VM-50, VM-50 Lite

• VM-100,

• VM-200

• VM-300, VM-1000-HV

• VM-500

• VM-700

HA3 – Layer2 link Active/Active – Jumbo frames

PaloAlto NGFW in ostale virtualizacijske

ter Cloud platform-e

Cloud okolja:

• VM-Series for VMware vCloud Air

• VM-Series for Google Cloud Platform

• VM-Series for AWS (Amazon Web Services)

• VM-Series for Microsoft Azure• Vsi VM-Series modeli razen VM-50, VM50 Lite na Azure VNet

Virtualizacijska okolja:

• VM-Series for vSphere Hypervisor (ESXi)• Vsi VM-Series modeli kot guest virtual machine on VMware ESXi Server

• VM-Series for VMware NSX• Vsi VM-Series modeli, VMware NSX in Panorama

• VM-Series for Microsoft Hyper-V• Hyper-V service on Windows Server 2012R2

• VM-Series for KVM• Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, 16.04 LTS, CentOS/RHEL v7.2

• VM-Series for OpenStack• VM-Series model on KVM na OpenStack v2.31 in v2.51

• VM-Series for Cisco ENCS appliance• VM-Series model on Cisco 5400 appliance Cisco SDN Edge

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Hvala, …

“Trust no one”

[email protected]


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