Pam and Crisin AtomlandPam and Crisin Atomland

Pam and Crisin Atomland

Pam and Cris in AtomlandTo visit to atomland, Pam and Cris must shrink by a factor of

1010 (10,000,000,000). This size reduction is performed in fourstages:

(1) from normal size to a millimeter (mm = 10 -3 meter),(2) next, to a micrometer (µm = 10-6 meter),(3) then, to a nanometer (nm = 10-9 meter),(4) finally, to an Angstrom ( = 10-10 meter).

Here are the objects they see along the way:100 meter = 1 meter stool10-1 meter = 0.1 meter hand10-2 meter = 1 cm (centimeter) fingernail; sugar cube; bee10-3 meter = 1 mm (millimeter) flea10-4 meter = 100 µm hair follicle10-5 meter = 10 µm animal cell10-6 meter = 1 µm (micrometer) bacterium10-7 meter = 100 nm virus10-8 meter = 10 nm large protein molecule10-9 meter = 1 nm (nanometer) moderately-sized molecule10-10 meter = 1 (Angstrom) atom

If Pam and Cris were to shrink still further, they could inspectthe atomic nucleus (the atomic nucleus is 10-14 meter).

Pam and Cris in Atomland – Scales

10 -1

meter

10-2 meter (cm)

1 meter

Cris and PamStarting the Journey

10 -1

meter

10-2 meter (cm)

1 meter

Cris and PamStarting the JourneyPam and Cris

Starting the Journey

1 0 -2 m e te r (c m )

MilliPam Riding a BeeOver the Fleas

1 0 -2 m e te r (c m )

MilliPam Riding a BeeOver the Fleas

10-3 meter (mm)

MilliPam Riding a BeeOver the Fleas

MilliCris Eyeing the Flea

MilliCris Eyeing the Flea

MilliCris EyeingThe Flea

A n im a l c e l l(1 0 -5 m e te r )

Pam and CrisMicrodivers

Entering the Cell

A n im a l c e l l(1 0 -5 m e te r )

Pam and CrisMicrodivers

Entering the Cell

Pam and CrisMicrodivers

Entering the Cell

Microdivers

Entering the CellMicrodivers

Entering the CellMicrodivers

Entering the Cell

Microdivers Inside the CellMicrodivers Inside the CellMicrodivers

Inside the Cell

Virus (10-7 m)Attacking

Bacterium (10-6 m)

Virus (10-7 m)Attacking

Bacterium (10-6 m)

Virus (10-7 m)Attacking

Bacterium (10-6 m)

Bacteriophage Virus(10-7 m) AttackingBacterium (10-6 m)

Bacteriophage Virus(10-7 m) AttackingBacterium (10-6 m)

Bacteriophage Virus (10-7 m)Attacking

Bacterium (10-6 m)

Microdivers and Erythrocytes (5 µm)Microdivers and Erythrocytes (5 µm)Microdiver and Erythrocytes (5 μm)

MicroPam Collecting HemoglobinSponges

(10-8 meter) on the Side of the Erythrocyte

MicroPam Collecting HemoglobinSponges

(10-8 meter) on the Side of the Erythrocyte

MicroPam Collecting Hemoglobin Sponges (10-8 m)

on the Side of the Erythrocyte

MicroPam CollectingHemoglobin Sponge

(10-8 meter)

MicroPam CollectingHemoglobin Sponge

(10-8 meter)

MicroPam Collecting Hemoglobin Sponges (10-8 m)-- there is internal structure!

Closeup of Hemoglobin (6.5 x 5.5 x 5.0 nm)

Closeup of Hemoglobin Closeup of Hemoglobin6.5 x 5.5 x 5.0 nm) –

Four heme groups are apparent

Pam Dancing with BacteriophagePam Dancing with BacteriophageMicroPam Dancing withA Texas Bacteriophage

10-7 meter

10-8 meter

DNA

NanoCris Watching DNA Extrusionfrom Virus

10-7 meter

10-8 meter

DNA

NanoCris Watching DNA Extrusionfrom Virus

NanoCris Watching DNA Extrusion From Virus

NanoCris Watching DNA Extrusionfrom Virus

NanoCris Watching DNA Extrusionfrom Virus

NanoCris Watching DNA Extrusion From Virus

10 -8 m eter

NanoCris with DNA

NanoCris with DNA

Individual molecule 10-9 meter (nm)

NanoCris with DNA

NanoKids in Front of Protein

NanoKids in Front of Protein

NanoKids Waiting for Classin front of Protein

NanoPam with Glucose MoleculeNanoPam with

Glucose Molecule

10-9 meter(nanometer)

Individual atoms 10-10 meter

NanoPam with Glucose Molecule

10 10 meter = 1 Angstrom =

Pam and Cris Dance withW ally W ater in Atomland

AngstroPam and AngstroCris Dance with Wally Water in

Atomland

Riding the PicoPlane

into the AtomRiding the PicoPlane

into the Atom

Riding the PicoPlane into the Atom