Panchayati Raj Structure,

Processes

&

Gram Panchayat Development

Plan (GPDP)

Dr. Pratryusna Patnaik

Assistant professor

NIRDPR

“Independence must begin at the bottom.

Thus, every village will be a republic or

Panchayat having full powers”

Panchayati Raj: An Introduction

Panchayati Raj was included in the Constitution for two main objectives:

(1) Decentralization of Power (2) Development of villages

The 73rd (Panchayati Raj) Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) was passed on 22nd December 1992

The Act was notified on 24th April 1993 & came into effect from that

date

73rd CAA brought Panchayats under Part IX of Constitution

Constitution envisages three fold role to PRIs:

As institutions of self-Governments

As institutions of grass-root Planning

As agents of Central and State Governments for implementing

development and welfare schemes

73rd CAA - Salient Features

Three tier PR System ( ZP/IP/GP)

Two tiers for States below 20 lakh Population

Reservation of seats for SCs, STs - in proportion to their population

Reservation of seats for Women- not less than one third of seats at all levels-

(now 20 states have reserved 50% of seats)

Regular elections in every 5 years under the supervision of State Election Commission

Seats at all levels filled by direct elections

Recognition of Gram Sabha which includes all the electors in a Gram Panchayat

SFC to be constituted for devolution of finances

PRI Structure

ZP

IP

GP

GS

Ward/Palli/Up-gram Sabha

Provisions of the PESA Act 1996

Provisions of PESA Act1996 extends to Scheduled V Areas (10 states)

(AP, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, HP, Jharkhand, MP, Maharashtra,

Odisha and Rajasthan)

There are 108 PESA districts (45 fully and 63 partially notified)

PESA empowers Gram Sabha to:

Approve Plans of Gram Panchayats and identify beneficiaries

Preserve customary laws, tradition, Culture and Identity of tribal

communities

Manage Common Property Resources, minor minerals, minor

forest produce, village markets

Control money lending and prevent alienation of tribal land

Mandatory consultation in matters of land acquisition,

resettlement & rehabilitation

VI Schedule Areas

VI Schedule Areas -Mizoram, Meghalaya,

Tripura and Nagaland exempted from Part

IX of the Constitution

Each areas is designated as an

“Autonomous District” which is governed

by a “District Council”

Councils are endowed with legislative,

judicial and executive powers

Powers and Authority

State Legislature to devolve powers and authority to PRIs:

Panchayats to prepare plans for economic development

and social justice in respect of 29 subjects (XI Schedule)

Funds to Panchayats: OSR, CFC & SFC funds, Central /State

Programmes and Grants

14th FC allocated Rs 2 lakh cr. for 5 years to

Gram Panchayats for providing Basic

Services

Governance Processes

About 2.56 lakh Panchayats at three levels

About 30 lakh Elected Representatives (40% Women, 19% SC and 12% ST)

Gram Sabha - is basic unit of democratic System

GP is responsible for Administration, Planning & budgeting

GP is accountable to the Gram Sabha

Statutory committees constituted for different subjects

Panchayat staff assists in management and delivery of services

Centrality of Panchayats in CSS

All CSS guidelines recognize centrality of PRIs in

planning & implementing of schemes:

CSS Budget in Top Schemes BE 2017-18 Rs in cr.

1 NSAP (MoRD) 9,500 2. MGNREGA (MoRD) 48,000 3 PM Sadak Yojana (MoRD) 19,000 4 PMAY - Rural ( MoRD) 23,000 5 NRDW Mission ( MoDWS) 6,050

6 SBM Rural (MoDWS) 13,958 7 N RHM (MoHFW) 21,188 7 S SA ( School Education) 23,500 8 Mid Day Meal in Schools 10,000 9 Anganwadi Services (ICDS) 15,245

10 NRLM 4,500 Total Rs 1, 93,941

Source : Annual Budget Estimates of GoI 2017-18

What is Gram Panchayat Development Plan ?

Based on local needs

Rational matching of local priorities and available resources

locally developed and accepted (by the people)

following norms/guidelines

Intended actions based on local priorities and

available resources to achieve specific development

goals within a specific timeframe

Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP)

Gram Panchayat as local government has to:

Achieve the identified socio-economic goals

Respond to differential needs of different groups

Why GPDP?

Captures local needs and addresses local development priorities

Strengthens bond between the GP and local citizens

Triggers Responsive Governance

Enhances local resource mobilisation

Ensures direct accountability of the local government to its citizens

Activates Gram Sabha (GS) and other local institutions and

structures as functional bodies

Helps in convergence and activates frontline officials

Four essential dimensions - GPDP

Provides a

VISION

how the village to look like

Sets Out

GOALS

to achieve that vision

Gives

ACTION PLAN

to reach those goals

Establishes GP as a

Local -Self Government

Components of GPDP Plan

Cycle

1.Environment Creation

2.Situation Analysis

3.Resource Envelope

4.Projectisation

5.Matching Needs with Resources

Environment

Creation

Situation

Analysis

• Letters to households informing about GPDP

Leaflets, Microphone Announcement, Rallies,

Street plays

• Hoardings, Wall Paintings, Banners

Focus Areas of GPDP

• Infrastructures (Roads, Buildings)

• Civic Amenities (Sanitation ,SLWM, DW

Street light, Parks , Burial ground)

• Human Development (Anganwadi, Primary

School, Public Library, PHC )

• Economic Development (Livelihood

Planning, Agriculture and allied sector

activities, Village market,

• Social Development (SC, ST, Women,

Children, . Elderly, PWD & HIV)

• Natural Resources (Soil, Biomass)

Through FGD,

Gap Assessment

& Consultations

Resource Envelope

Base for GPDP

Untied Funds

Own Sources/ SFC

devolutions/

Incentive

grants

Partly Tied Funds

14th FC / MGNREGS/

CSR funds

Environment

Building

Situational

Analysis

Resource

Envelope + +

Tied Funds

SBM /NRHM/ NRDW/

Specific Purpose

Grants

Projectisation

Prioritization

of

Felt Needs

+

Low cost or No cost initiatives

100% Immunization, Enrolment in schools/ICDS

Zero fallow land in the village

Soak Pits for household waste water management

Addressing malnutrition through kitchen gardens

Elimination of child labour

Motivation and behavior change for ODF

Encourage Women’s participation in SHGs

Addressing Human Trafficking, drug abuse

Plan Approval

The draft plan placed before the GP for discussion

and approval

The approved draft GPDP presented before the

Gram Sabha

GPDP as cleared by the Gram Sabha is adopted

for implementation

Benefits of GPDP

For all Villagers:

A Framework for village association

Enhanced social cohesion

Increased self awareness/ confidence/ determination

Enhanced local democracy

For Individuals:

Feeling of Power to decision making

More involvement in local matters

For Gram Panchayat

Incorporate peoples’ needs in to the plans

Addresses local development issues

Bring Convergence of resources available with GP

Transforms GP as an institution of self government

22