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Panoramic radiography
1952, Paatero 1960 2002
Development of Panoramic radiogaphy
Tomographic layer
OP layer
Projection of OP
Anatomical landmarks
Ext. Auditory meatus
Mandibular condyle
Articular eminence
Coronoid process
Zygomatic bone
Ptregomaxillary Fissure
Inf. orbital rimFloor of Maxillary sinus
Ant. wall of Maxillary sinus
Hard palateNasal fossa
Inf. Orbital canal and foramen
Zyg. process of Maxilla
Panoramic Innominate line (Infra temporal surface of Zyg. bone
Lat. ptreg. plate
Man. fossa
Inf. border of Mandible
C- Spine
Mental foramen Hyoid boneInf. Alveolar canal
Ext. oblique ridge
All this diagnostic information is missed in intraoral X-rays
Hard Tissue
Soft tissues on OP
Inf. nasal concha (turbinate)
Inf. nasal meatus
Dorsal surface of the tonguePost. Wall of the pharynx
Soft palate
Lower lip
Upper lip
Middle meatus
Ghost image of opposite Man.
Soft tissue (edentulous)
All this diagnostic information is missed in intraoral X-rays
Ghost image
Ghost image
Ghost image
Elnöki tumor
Presidental tumor
Presidental tumor
Presidental tumor
Carotis plaque
Carotis plaque
Resorption on the cortical bone
Nakamoto et al. Osteoporos Int (2003) 14: 659–664
Specificity: 40%
Senzitivity: 77%
(comparing with BMD)
Osteoporotic patient
Normal panoramic