Date post: | 11-Nov-2014 |
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Education |
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Soomaa NP © Arne Ader
Paanajärvi NP © Viktor
Gritsuk
CHALLENGES, EXAMPLESand many more, Payments for Ecosystem Services in Europe’s wilderness areasZoltán Kun, Executive DirectorPAN Parks Foundation
Oulanka NP © Kimmo Salminen
Presentation outline
• introduction to PAN Parks Foundation + personal intro• situation and tendencies in Europe• the European case of Ecosystem Services linked to wilderness• questions about how to go forwardALL IMAGES from EUROPE
Wilderness is closer than you think ...
Borjomi-Kharagauli NP © Kote Gabrichidze
„...about 1% of Europe’s territory ...can be called wilderness area”Ladislav Miko,EC DG Environment
Wilderness is a scarce resource in Europe!
Wilderness in Europe
Paanajärvi NP ©Viktor Gritsuk
What is PAN Parks?
PAN Parks works to protect Europe’s wilderness, the continent’s most undisturbed areas of nature
©iStock/Graeme Purdy
237 000 ha of wilderness
Wilderness momentum
• European Parliament’s special report on wilderness
• European Commission- ‘Agenda for Wilderness’
• Wilderness in Biodiversity Strategy
What we have achieved so far
Network of certified PAN Parks
Archipelago NP © Seppo Keränen
The Million Project
To ensure guaranteed protection of 1 million hectares of wilderness in Europe by 2015
What is wilderness?
• nature is left to develop on its own• native species, animals roam free• no human intervention
Oulanka NP ©Hannu Hautala
Fulufjallet NP © Vitantonio Dell’Orto
What is PAN Parks Wilderness?
NO extractive use such as•hunting•fishing•mining•logging•grazing•grass cutting•road and building constructionis allowed in PAN Parks wilderness
What is PAN Parks Wilderness?
...but visitors have the opportunity to enjoy PAN Parks Wilderness!
Paanajärvi NP ©Minna Koramo
Peneda-Geres NP © Marcos Veiga
Europe’s perceptive wilderness
Archipelago NP © Janne Gröning
European tendencies
Threats and Opportunities exist parallel
• wilderness comes up on the agenda (catch phrase?)• land abandonment provides opportunity to restore• wilderness disappears• restoration is more attractive than protection of existing areas!
European Wilderness Research Agenda initiated by PAN Parks
Central Balkan NP © Evgeni Diniev
Research database
Setting up a searchable, public Wilderness Resource Bank (analogy to Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute website)
• top 3: PA management, ecosystems, species conservation
• down 3: climate change, ecosystem services, financing wilderness protection
Payments for Ecosystem Services
Majella NP ©MNP
TEEB report
• introduces the PES term
• PES can be an opportunity to raise additional resources and explain the real values of wilderness beyond biodiversity
Archipelago NP © Heidi Arponen
Challenge 1
How the definition of wilderness applies to the case of indigenous / local needs (is it an excuse in Europe?)• Example 1: Nordic countries• Example 2: Peneda-Geres, Portugal• Example 3: Retezat, Romania
Paanajärvi NP © PNP Archives
Challenge 2
We are still in a stage in Europe when we need to explain the biodiversity benefits of wilderness
Hunter/Gatherers
Pre-1900
UtilitarianNatural Regulation
Ecological Integrity
1900s-1950s 1950s-1990s Post 1990s
PROTECTED AREA ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY
Challenge 3
Majella NP © Bruno D’Amicis
How to apply the PES under the current economic structure
• Example of shorting on biodiversity loss!
Conflict between indirect (ecocentric) and direct (anthropocentric) interpretation of Ecosystem Services
Retezat NP © Mihai Moiceanu
Based on our current definition• they are linked to non-use / existence / bequest values• re: challenge with the definition! How much are we willing to make a compromise?
Classification of Ecosystem Services
Retezat NP © Mihai Moiceanu
Challenge 4• Plenty of examples in Europe linked to direct use values but significant lack of role models for paying for indirect or non-extrective values
• Examples: 1. economic valuation of Tatra and Slovensky raj National Parks 2. our Tourism Model
© Gunther Desmedt
© Eki Ollila
Climate Change and Resource Efficiency
© Basecamp Oulanka
A short introduction…
PAN Village is founded as an initiative from WWF and Molecaten.
Mission:Creating a balance between wilderness conservation and tourism in Europe
•Offering tourist accommodations and nature activities in or close to wilderness areas•Stimulating local economy•Supporting the PAN Parks Foundation:
• (joint) promotion of wilderness areas in Europe• financial support for wilderness conservation
We need to test and apply various valuation tools
• assessing trade-offs between competing uses of ecosystems• restoration vs cost of in-action
• transboundary services
Central Balkan NP ©CBNP
Challenge 5
Biodiversity haven and beyond....• good examples are needed for biodiversity• ...social benefits• ...economic benefits
Oulanka NP ©Michael Hennemann
Defining the role of wilderness
Borjomi-Kharagauli NP © Kote Gabrichidze
Looking for good examples• social benefits: youth at risk projects• economic benefits: failure to mobilise the corporate sector• tax pressure in Europe!• Example: Nokia in Finland• Example: pasta factory in Italy• Example: Sofia vs Rila NP
Challenge 6 (re. challenge 2 biodiversity)
Challenge 7
Retezat NP ©iStock/Falk Kienas
• mainstreaming ecosystem accounting in Europe
• corporate projects to enhance biodiversity protection (how relevant they are for wilderness?)
• Example: Audi in Györ
Challenge 8
Borjomi-Kharagauli NP ©Kote Gabrichidze
Promoting good European examples as role models (after finding them)!
Oulanka NP © Kimmo Salminen
Case studies
A study to be finalised by 15 December
• PAN Parks Tourism Model
• Drinking water• Flood mitigation• Carbon market
• Biodiversity market
Retezat NP ©iStock/Falk Kienas Oulanka NP ©Hannu Hautala
Communication
More understanding is needed in Europe
• different target groups (youth!)
• evidences needed
Rila NP © Nicolas Cegalerba
How to communicate?
Whom to talk to?
How people interact with nature? Wilderness helps to re-establish the lost relation
Show (and not tell) a story!
PAN Parks works to protect
Europe’s wilderness, the
continent’s most undisturbed areas
of nature
http://panparks.orghttp://facebook.com/panparks
http://panparks.org/user/registerhttp://linkedin.com/panparksgrouphttp://youtube.com/user/PANParks
http://storiesofwilderness.panparks.orghttp://mymillionproject.ning.com
Be part of it!...