ASTM INTERNATIONAL Helping our world work better
ISBN: 978-0-8031-7663-8 Stock #: STP1609
www.astm.org
ASTM INTERNATIONAL Selected Technical Papers
Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Laboratory Corrosion MeasurementsSTP 1609Editors:Sankara Papavinasam | Raul B. Rebak Lietai Yang | Neal S. Berke
Advances in Electrochem
ical Techniques for C
orrosion Monitoring and Laboratory
Corrosion M
easurements
Papavinasam
| Rebak | Yang | B
erkeSTP 160
9
Editors: Sankara Papavinasam, Raul B. Rebak, Lietai Yang, and Neal S. Berke
Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Laboratory Corrosion Measurements
ASTM STOCK #STP1609DOI: 10.1520/STP1609-EB
Selected technical PaPerSStP1609
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.
ii
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Papavinasam, Sankara, 1962- editor. | Rebak, Raul B. (Raul Basilio),
1956- editor. | Yang, Lietai, 1958- editor. | Berke, Neal Steven, 1952-
editor. | ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion of Metals, sponsoring body.
Title: Advances in electrochemical techniques for corrosion monitoring and
laboratory corrosion measurements / edited by Sankara Papavinasam, Raul B.
Rebak, Lietai Yang, Neal S. Berke.
Description: West Conshohocken, PA : ASTM International, [2019] | Series:
ASTM stock #STP1609 | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018040917 (print) | LCCN 2018045260 (ebook) | ISBN
9780803176645 (ebook) | ISBN 9780803176638 (pbk.)
Subjects: LCSH: Corrosion and anti-corrosives--Measurement--Congresses. |
Nondestructive testing--Congresses. | Electrochemical analysis--Congresses.
Classification: LCC TA462 (ebook) | LCC TA462 .A2377 2019 (print) | DDC
620.1/12230287--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018040917
ISBN: 978-0-8031-7663-8
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Peer Review PolicyEach paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor. The authors addressed all of the reviewers’ comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM International Committee on Publications.
The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of the peer reviewers. In keeping with long-standing publication practices, ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers. The ASTM International Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM International.
Citation of PapersWhen citing papers from this publication, the appropriate citation includes the paper authors, “paper title,” STP title, STP number, book editor(s), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, year, page range, paper doi. A citation is provided on page one of each paper.
Printed in Atlanta, GAMarch, 2019
This book of selected technical papers is dedicated to the memory of our great friend, colleague, leader, and mentor, Dr. Robert (Bob) Baboian. His leadership and support of electrochemical methods in corrosion testing will long be remembered.
Front and back photos of the memento that Bob distributed at ASTM Committee G01’s 50th Anniversary, November 2014.
iii
This book of selected technical papers is dedicated to the memory of our great friend, colleague, leader, and mentor, Dr. Robert (Bob) Baboian. His leadership and support of electrochemical methods in corrosion testing will long be remembered.
Front and back photos of the memento that Bob distributed at ASTM Committee G01’s 50th Anniversary, November 2014.
Memorial
THIS COMPILATION OF Selected Technical Papers, STP1609, Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Laboratory Corrosion Meas-urements, contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at a symposium held November 13–14, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM International Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and Subcommittee G01.11 on Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing.
Symposium Chairs and STP Editors:
Sankara PapavinasamCorrMagnet Consulting Inc.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Raul B. RebakGE Global Research
Schenectady, NY, USA
Lietai YangCorr Instruments, LLC
Elk Grove, CA, USA
Neal S. BerkeTourney Consulting Group, Ltd.
Kalamazoo, MI, USA
Foreword
v
vii
Overview xi
Dr. Robert Baboian Memorial Lecture
Development and Use of ASTM Standard G5 1Harvey P. Hack
Plenary Sessions
Recent Developments in Standards for Electrochemical Corrosion Testing 11Sheldon W. Dean, Jr.
Progress in Development of Electrochemical Methods in Corrosion Science and Engineering 32
Carol F. Glover, Michael J. Hutchinson, Veronica N. Rafla, Leslie G. Bland, and John R. Scully
Application of Electrochemical Techniques in the Field
CEPRA: A New Test Method for Rebar Corrosion Rate Measurement 59Andrew Fahim, Pouria Ghods, Rouhollah Alizadeh, Mustafa Salehi, and Sarah Decarufel
Use of Alternating Current Impedance Spectra as a Supplemental Verification of Rebar Passivation in Two Marine Viaducts 81
Madeline Lee and Ryan Tinnea
Electrochemical Sensors for Continuous Measurement of Corrosion and Coating System Performance in Outdoor and Accelerated Atmospheric Tests 91
Fritz J. Friedersdorf, Jeff C. Demo, Nathan K. Brown, and Patrick C. Kramer
Electrochemical Testing of Modular Taper Junctions: Effect of Assembly Force and Head Offset 114
William Nelson, Justin Grostefon, Thomas Camino, and Robert Hastings
Contents
viii
Validation of Coated Infrastructure Examination by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 137
Bobbie Jo E. Merten, Michael T. Walsh, and Jessica D. Torrey
Advancement in Electrochemical Techniques in Measuring Corrosion in the Laboratory
Application of Harmonic and Total Harmonic Distortion Instrumentation in Corrosion 160Xueyuan Zhang and Dominik Moosbauer
Experimental Studies on the Effect of Electrode Spacing in Coupled Multielectrode Array Sensors on Corrosion Rate Measurements 180
Lietai Yang and Xiaodong Sun
Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitor Persistency Using Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance 195
H. Burak Gunay, Mustafa Salehi, Sankara Papavinasam, Nihal U. Obeyesekere, and O. Burkan Isgor
Electrode Potential as a Key Indicator of Corrosion Performance 211Sheldon W. Dean, Jr.
Investigation of Material and Electrolyte Properties Using Electrochemical Techniques
Electrochemical Behavior of Accident Tolerant Fuel Cladding Materials under Simulated Light Water Reactor Conditions 231
Raul B. Rebak, Timothy B. Jurewicz, and Young-Jin Kim
Study on the Repassivation Behavior of Steels Using Electrochemical Test Methods 244Liang He, Gaoxiang Wu, and Preet M. Singh
Corrosion Rates of Ductile Iron Pipe in Drilling Fluids: A Comparison of ASTM Electrochemical Standards G59, G102, and G106 to ASTM Weight Loss Standard G162 262
Mike Horton
Status of Pitting Corrosion Prediction in Mixed Solutions Containing Reduced Sulfur Species 280
Van Anh Nguyen, Anatolie G. Carcea, Mahmoudreza Ghaznavi, and Roger C. Newman
Electrochemical Measurements in Thin Electrolyte Layers Using Sintered Silver/Silver Chloride Electrodes 294
Piyush Khullar and Robert G. Kelly
Integration of Electrochemical Techniques with Other Techniques and Tools
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of a Mn-Ni-Cr Steel in 3.5% NaCl Medium and Its Modeling 323
Dhinakaran Sampath and Raghu V. Prakash
ix
Use of Electrochemical Techniques in Measuring Corrosion in the Laboratory and Monitoring Corrosion in the Field 345
Sankara Papavinasam
Use of Standards on Electrochemical Techniques in Establishing Quality Education (QE), Quality Assurance (QA), and Quality Control (QC) Processes in Corrosion Control 363
Sankara Papavinasam
xi
The global cost of corrosion is estimated at US $2.5 trillion, equivalent to approxi-mately 3.4 % of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Studies have indicated that an appropriate application of current knowledge on corrosion control can reduce one third of the cost. ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals plays an important role in developing knowledge on corrosion control.
ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals was formed in 1964 to promote knowledge, stimulate research, collect engineering data, and develop standard test methods, practices, guides, classifications, specifications, and terminology relating to corrosion and methods for corrosion-protection of metals.
Most corrosion takes place by electrochemical mechanisms. Therefore, electro-chemical techniques and tests play pivotal roles in understanding corrosion and in developing appropriate strategies to control corrosion. ASTM Subcommittee G01.11 on Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing was established in 1965 to address three issues that had been inhibiting the development of electro-chemical tests:
• A lack of reproducibility of electrochemical tests and the lack of understanding of the variations in results,
• The absence of standardized procedures for carrying out the tests, and • The use of several conventions to present electrochemical data that made inter-
preting the test results difficult.
To address these issues, G01.11 has been organizing symposia on the developments on electrochemical measurements and monitoring, publishing Selected Techni-cal Papers (STPs), and developing standards on promising techniques. At present G01.11 has 19 standards under its jurisdiction and has published over 6 STPs.
The three most recently published STPs by ASTM G01.11 are:
• STP1506, Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement, Ed. S. Papavinasam, N. S. Berke, and S. Brossia (2009)
• STP1277, Electrochemical Noise Measurement for Corrosion Applications, Ed. J. R. Kearns, J. R. Scully, P. R. Roberge, D. L. Reichert, and J. L. Dawson (1996)
• STP1188, Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation, Ed. J. R. Scully, D. C. Silverman, and M. W. Kendig (1993)
Overview
xii
To further knowledge, ASTM G01.11 organized a two-day symposium in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, on November 13–14, 2017. The objectives of the symposia were to:
• Pay tribute to one of the eminent scientists, adherent users and promotor of elec-trochemical techniques, good friend to many, and enthusiastic mentor of young professionals, Dr. Robert Baboian;
• Provide a forum for discussing the recent advances in electrochemical tech-niques to monitor corrosion in the field and measure corrosion in the laboratory;
• Identify opportunities to develop new standards on specific techniques and methodologies;
• Promote use of electrochemical techniques in field application; and• Publish an STP.
At the symposium, 30 presentations were made by experts from Argentina, China, Canada, India, Italy, and the USA. Twenty peer-reviewed papers from the sympo-sium are collected in this STP. The papers are arranged in six sections:
• Dr. Robert Baboian Memorial Lecture• Plenary Sessions• Application of Electrochemical Techniques in the Field• Advancement in Electrochemical Techniques in Measuring Corrosion in the
Laboratory• Investigation of Material and Electrolyte Properties Using Electrochemical
Techniques• Integration of Electrochemical Techniques with Other Techniques and Tools
It is hoped that the papers in this STP will provide the state-of-the-art electrochemi-cal techniques for measuring and monitoring corrosion, both in the laboratory and in the field; increase the use of standards on electrochemical techniques in academic institutes in educating next-generation professionals; and lead to the development of new ASTM standards.
Symposium Chairs and STP Editors:
Sankara PapavinasamCorrMagnet Consulting Inc.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Raul B. RebakGE Global Research
Schenectady, NY, USA
Lietai YangCorr Instruments, LLC
Elk Grove, CA, USA
Neal S. BerkeTourney Consulting Group, Ltd.
Kalamazoo, MI, USA
ASTM INTERNATIONAL Helping our world work better
ISBN: 978-0-8031-7663-8 Stock #: STP1609
www.astm.org
ASTM INTERNATIONAL Selected Technical Papers
Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Laboratory Corrosion MeasurementsSTP 1609Editors:Sankara Papavinasam | Raul B. Rebak Lietai Yang | Neal S. Berke
Advances in Electrochem
ical Techniques for C
orrosion Monitoring and Laboratory
Corrosion M
easurements
Papavinasam
| Rebak | Yang | B
erkeSTP 160
9
