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LAND USE PLANNING & CLIMATE CHANGE –
GOALS AND ASPIRATION
NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
17 November 2011
GOALS AND ASPIRATION
by
DR. DAHLIA ROSLYDirector
Research & Development Division Federal Department
Town & Country Planning Peninsular MalaysiaMINISTRY OF HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERMENT
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
LAND USE PLANNING UNDER HFA
LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIAMALAYSIA
INCORPORATION OF DRR & CCA PRINCIPLES IN LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM
Human Activities
Climate Features
Deforestation
Melting of Ice
Cloud
Global
UpheavelOf OceanCirculation
Precipitation
Interference Carbon Cycle
LanduseChange
Urbanisation
CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE vsvs LAND USE PLANNING LAND USE PLANNING vsvsDISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
(GHG)
Industrial
Drought
Famine
Flood
Major Threats
CH4N2O Sea
Level Rise
Adaptation from UNEP/GRID-Arendal, Climate Change: Processes and Threats, 2005.
DISASTER
Warming
Burning ofFossil Fuel
Transport
AgricultureHeat
Destructionof Biodiversity
Change in LifeStyle
Threat to Economy
Typhoon
Outbreakof Desease
Loss of Lives
CO2
CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE vsvs LAND USE PLANNING LAND USE PLANNING vsvsDISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
managing flood risk while promotingregeneration.
increased flooding and landslip haveimplications for what particular land can beused for in the future.
areas which are vulnerable to floods, maybecome unsuitable for residential but maysuitable for other uses.
coastal floods and erosion - impact on thelocations for future business, industrialdevelopments, increase demand for flooddefences location of new key infrastructure.
the impacts on land and soils -implications for biodiversity, cultural heritagesites.
Rio-SD Agenda
Kyoto Protocol
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
40% reduction
MALAYSIA COMMITMENTS AT GLOBAL LEVELMALAYSIA COMMITMENTS AT GLOBAL LEVEL
“4. (iii) Land use Planning and other technical measure”
(n) Incorporate disaster risk assessments into urban planning andmanagement of disaster prone to human settlements, in particularhighly populated areas and quickly urbanizing settlements. The issuesof informal or non permanent housing and the location of housing inhigh risk areas should be addressed as priorities, including in theframework of urban poverty reduction and slum upgradingprogrammes.
ROLE OF LAND USE PLANNING UNDER THRUST 4, HFA
(o) Mainstream disaster risk considerations into planning procedures formajor infrastructure projects, including the criteria for design, approvaland implementation of such projects and considerations based onsocial, economic and environmental impact assessments.
(p) Develop, upgrade and encourage the use of guidelines and monitoringtools for the reduction of disaster risk in the context of land-use policyand planning.
(q) Incorporate disaster risk assessment into rural development planningand management, in particular with regard to mountain and coastalflood plain areas, including through the identification of land zones thatare available and safe for human settlement.
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LAND USE PLANNING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLANNING
COUNCIL (NPPC)
REGIONAL PLANNING COMMITTEE
National Level
Chaired by Prime Minister
Regional Le el
Chairman pointed by Prime
(RPC)
STATE PLANNING COMMITTEE
(SPC)
ONE-STOP CENTER (OSC) MEETING
State Level
Local Level
Chaired by Chief Minister
Chaired by Chief Council
LevelMinister
DEVELOPMENT PLAN SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN (NPP)NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN (NPP)
STATE STRUCTURE PLAN STATE STRUCTURE PLAN
NationaNationa
l Levell Level
State State
LOCAL PLANLOCAL PLAN
SPECIAL AREA PLANSPECIAL AREA PLAN
LevelLevel
Local Local
LevelLevel
INCORPORATION OF DRR & CCA PRINCIPLESIN SPATIAL PLANNING
VISION 2020
LEVEL 1 : NATIONAL PLANNING
NATIONALPHYSICAL
PLAN
5 - YEARMALAYSIA PLAN
SECTORALPOLICIES/
PLANS
Town & Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172)•Sec. 6B – Preparation of NPP•Sec. 6B(4) – Review of NPP every 5 years
Plan Area•NPP confined to Peninsular Malaysia
Plan Period•10 year timescale up to 2020
Functions of NPP
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LEVEL 2 : REGIONAL / STATE PLANNING
LEVEL 3 : LOCAL PLANNING
SPECIAL AREAPLAN
LOCALPLAN
REGIONAL / STRUCTURE PLAN
STATE/ REGIONALDEVELOPMENT
PLAN
SECTORAL POLICIES/
PLANS
• Strengthening national planning by incorporating a spatial dimension to national socio‐economic policies;1
• Coordinating decisions of sectoral agencies by providing the spatial expression to sectoral policies;2
• Establishing the national spatial framework for regional, state and local planning;3
• Providing physical planning policies for ensuring sustainable development; and 4
• Identifying a key action programmes to demonstrate innovative spatial planning and design concepts. 6
• Advocating sectoral measures for implementing agencies to take them forward in supporting the national spatial policies and framework
5
NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLANNATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN
The Establishment Of An Efficient, EquitableAnd Sustainable National Spatial Framework ToGuide The Overall Development Of The CountryTowards Achieving Developed And High-incomeNation Status By 2020.
Safeguard and managed sustainably all surface and ground water resources.
Apply sustainable forest management
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Apply sustainable forest management. Water resources management based on IWRM, IRBM
and ICZM. CFS as the backbone of the ESA network; ESA will be integrated in the planning and management
of land use and natural resources. Future settlements and infrastructure in coastal zones
will be located away vulnerable to rising sea levels/storm surges
Natural barriers, esp. mangroves, forests and peat lands shall be protected and expanded and further conversion of will no longer be allowed.
NATIONAL URBANISATION POLICY ( NUP )
A written policy which outlined the thrusts, strategies and steps to guide, manage and monitor more efficient and systematic town planning and developments,
The aim of NUP is to create visionable cities with liveable environment through sustainable urban d l tdevelopment.
Approved by:
• Cabinet Meeting on 2 August 2006
• NPPC on 8 August 2006
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STATE STRUCTURE PLAN
• Functions
• Translate policies of the National Physical Plan; • Provide framework for Local Plan;• Identify main land uses at the state level; and• Identify main state projects
LOCAL PLAN• Functions
Translate the policies of State Structure Plan
As a physical development guide for the respective district through the proposed land use plan
BANDAR KOTA TINGGI
Kg. Seri Lalang
Kg. M akam
Kg. Kelantan
Kg. Sri Lalang
Taman Kota M erdesa
Taman Batu 25
Kg. Panti
Kg. Jawa
T
S
G
S
SJC
M
DORBR
PI
S
TERMINALBAS DAN
TEKSI
TA
BP
G
S BR SRT
ASRAMAPUSAT
SM
SM
SA
SR
M
S
JCSG
HOSPITAL
S
MAHKAMAH
TDK
S
TSM
IBU PEJABATPOLIS DAERAH
LOJI
S
BR
M
S
SJC
SASR
SR
SM TA
SAJ
BSI
PP
MDKT
T
PI
DOR
PI
SR
TDK
S
SA
DORBR SA
TERMINAL
Identify main projects of the district
Preparation of Implementation Guidelines to guide implementation
Aided with Subject Plans for sectoraldevelopment implementation
SPECIAL AREA PLAN A detailed development plan
prepared within a short period of time for implementation and management
The main output : Development Action Plan in the form of layout plan and complemented by management plan, development phasing, cost, implementing agency and implementationagency and implementation approach
5 main categories :
Redevelopment of areas within urban centres
Heritage Conservation Areas Environmental Sensitive
Areas Resettlement of Communities Special Area For Specific
Needs
DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL REPORT
DPR to be submitted for any proposed development -for planning permission to LPA (under Sec. 21A (1) Act 172)
Content :
Development concept & justifications Site plan, land ownership, Land use analysis Physical condition topography geology drainage Physical condition – topography, geology, drainage Traffic & transportation, Economy & infrastructure Public & Social amenities Preservation & conservation of trees & buildings Impact Assessment – SIA, TIA, EIA
This enables the planning authority to make development control decisions to protect the environment.
CRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS FELLOW MAN
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT
M
BALANCED RELATIONSHIPS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEENMAN AND HIS CREATOR
M
TOTAL PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DOCTRINE
M
C
M
E
E HOLISTIC APPROACH
MAN AND HIS FOCUS OF DEVELOPMENT
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ACTIVITIES
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHANGES
EQUAL DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES
TOTAL PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT PHILOSOPHY
“ Creating a balance between physical development and human development in terms of Spiritual and Noble Universal Values for the Sustainable Progress of the Country ”
PLANNING GUIDELINES, MANUALS & STUDIES
Study on Geo-Hazard Areas in Land Use Planning
Planning Guidelines on Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs)
Planning Guidelines on the Development of Hillslopes & Highlands
Study on Sustainable Development Indicators (SDI)
Planning Guidelines on Green
.
Neighbourhood Planning Guidelines on Open Space
and Recreation Planning Guidelines on Development
of Roof Top Gardens Planning Guidelines on Public
Facilities Manual on Sustainability Assessment A Guide for Conducting Focus Group
Discussions, Charettes and Village Appraisals
Manual on Social Impact Assessment
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PROPOSED HAZARD RISK STUDY IN DEVELOPMENT PLANS
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National PhysicalPlan
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State Structure Plan
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Local Plan
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General Hazard Risk Plan
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List the locations & Incidences of Hazard Areas Identify Main River
Basins that need Flood Mitigation Study
Hazard Risk Areas Zoning Map
Local Plan
Special Area Plan
Planning Permission(Devt Proposal Report)
Strategic Hazard Risk Plan
Hazard Risk Assessment
Hazard Risk Areas Zoning Map by Rank
Present Planning Proses/PracticeProposal to incorporate related hazard risk aspects
Vission 2020, New Economic Model, Five Year Malaysia Plan/ National Physical Plan/ National Urbanisation Plan
EconomicDevelopment
Optimum Use of Land and
Effective Governance
DIMENSION
DIMENSIONDIMENSION
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1
MURNInetMURNInet FrameworkFramework
Government transformation Programme (NKRA, NKEA, MKRA)
MSSDIResources
Infrastructure&
Transportation
EnvironmentalQuality
Liveable Community
Governance
DIMENSION
DIMENSI ON
DIMENSION
MURNInet 3
4
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THE LAND USE PLANNING ASSESSMENT FOR RISK AREAS (LUPAr) PROGRAM
Aimed to translate the thrust of Hyogo Declaration 2005 & MDG into land use planning mechanism through R&D activities & formulation of policies & general land use planning guidelines.
provide research inputs in the formulation of land use planning policies & guidelines for hazard riskuse planning policies & guidelines for hazard risk areas.
main components include:• capacity building• Research and pilot studies• Awareness Program and Community
Involvement • Expert Committee (LUPAr)
• The public’s input is important in ensuring plans prepared truly address local issues and meet the needs of the local people
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS
Public ParticipationFGD
• Allows for public involvement at an early stage
• Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
PUBLICITY
The FDTCP will continue to play a vital role inincorporating and mainstreaming DRR and CCA.
Cooperation and inter-agencies free flow of data andinformation is needed.
Continuous effort is necessary to assess changesand ensure that adaptations will be done
CONCLUSION
commensurate with new issues and risks that mayarise over time.