Paper 2 May 2001 Physics

8/14/2019 Paper 2 May 2001 Physics

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TIME 1 hour 45 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and onany separate answer paper used.

Section A

Answer all questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.

Section B

Answer any two questions.

Write your answers on the lined pages provided and, if necessary, continue on the separate answerpaper provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten any separate answer paper used securely to the question paper.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each questionor part question.

Candidates are reminded that all quantitative answers should include

appropriate units.

Candidates are advised to show all their working in a clear and orderlymanner, as more marks are awarded for sound use of physics than forcorrect answers.

This question paper consists of 16 printed pages, 1 blank page and 3 lined pages.

MML LOC 3244 4/00 QF10452 UCLES 2001 [Turn over

Candidate

Centre Number Number

Candidate Name

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATEGeneral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

PHYSICS 5054/2PAPER 2 Theory

MAY/JUNE SESSION 2001 1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the question paper.

Additional materials:Answer paperElectronic calculator and/or Mathematical tablesRuler 300 mm

FOR EXAMINERS USE

Section A

Section B

Q9

Q10

Q11

TOTAL


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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a spring. Masses are added to the spring and the extension is measured.

The results are shown in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

(a) Explain how the extension of the spring is determined with the rule.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) State the mass that stretches the spring to the limit of proportionality.

mass = ................................. kg

(ii) Calculate the weight of this mass.

Take the gravitational force on a mass of 1kg to be 10 N.

weight = ................................ N[2]

(c) State and explain how the graph drawn in Fig. 1.2 is different when the experiment isperformed at a place where the gravitational field is weaker.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

00 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

mass/kg

extension ofspring/cm

rule

masses

spring

2

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows how the speed of a cyclist varies during a journey.

Fig.2.1

(a) Describe the motion of the cyclist between points B and C.

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State which parts of the graph show the cyclist moving with constant speed.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Calculate the distance travelled by the cyclist in the first 250s of the journey.

distance = ........................... [3]

5004003002001000 550450350250150500

2

4

6

8

1

3

5

7

time/s

speed

m/s

G

FE

DC

BA

3

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows an oil drum floating in water. Force F is the force acting upwards on thebottom surface of the drum caused by the pressure in the water.

Fig.3.1

(a) On Fig. 3.1 draw and label an arrow X to show the force exerted by the air on the topsurface of the drum, and an arrow W to show the weight of the drum. [1]

(b) Atmospheric pressure is 100000 Pa and acts on the top surface of the drum and onthe water surface.

(i) State the formula that relates pressure, force and area.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) The drum has a top surface of area 0.30m2.

Calculate the force that the air exerts on this surface.

force = .......................................

(iii) The pressure in water increases by 10000 Pa for each metre increase in depth

below the surface.The bottom surface of the drum is 0.8m below the water surface.

Calculate the total pressure in the water at this depth.

pressure = ................................[5]

0.8mF

air

water

surface area0.30m2

4

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4 (a) State what is meant by the boiling point of a liquid.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A thermocouple thermometer is calibrated at 0 C and 100 C. The results are shownin the table.

(i) Calculate the recorded temperature when the output of the thermocouple is 18 mV.

temperature = ...........................

(ii) State one advantage of using a thermocouple thermometer rather than a liquid-in-

glass laboratory thermometer.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................[3]

5


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temperature / C 0

0

100

22thermocouple output / mV


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(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the variation of the output voltage of the transformer with time.

Fig.5.2

The number of turns on the secondary coil is increased to 150, but the number of turnson the primary coil and the input voltage are unchanged.

On Fig.5.2, draw the variation with time of the output voltage after this increase. [2]

time

voltage output/V

0

4

8

4

8

7


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6 A student uses the electrical circuit shown in Fig. 6.1.

Fig.6.1

(a) When the switch is closed the lamp lights. Explain how adjusting the variable resistoraffects the current.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The student adds component A to the circuit, as shown in Fig. 6.2. When the switch isnow closed the lamp lights after a short delay.

Fig.6.2

(i) Name component A.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain why there is a delay.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(iii) When the switch is opened, the lamp remains lit for a short time.

Explain this observation.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................[3]

open switch

variable resistor

lampcell A

open switch

variable resistor

lampcell

8

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7 Using a microscope, smoke particles can be seen moving inside a glass tube. They appearas tiny spots of light that move in various directions. The air molecules inside the glass tubecannot be seen with the aid of the microscope. The apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 7.1.

Fig.7.1

(a) State why a microscope is needed to see the smoke particles.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why the smoke particles appear as spots of light.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) On the diagram below draw a path taken by one smoke particle over a period of time.

[1]

(d) (i) State what makes the smoke particles move in this way.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain what the movement of the smoke particles tells us about the movement ofthe air molecules that cannot be seen.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................[3]

glass tubesmoke particle

glass tube

smoke particles

microscope

eye

lamp

9


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8 A teacher counts the number of particles emitted from a radioactive source, as shown inFig. 8.1.

Fig.8.1

(a) State the name of a detector able to detect particles from a radioactive source.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The teacher measures the number of particles emitted in 1 minute from three different

sources. The measurements are repeated each hour for four hours.

The results are shown in the table.

(i) State and explain which source has the shortest half-life.

source with shortest half-life .....................................................................................

reason ......................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

radioactivesource

detector counter

10

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time/ hours

0

1

2

3

4

number of particles emitted in 1 minute

source A source B source C

160 1600 16000

113 800 12700

80 400 10000

57 200 8000

40 100 6350


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(ii) The experiment continues until the time is 6 hours.

For this time of 6 hours, calculate the number of particles emitted in 1 minute from

1. source A,

number = ..................................

2. source B.

number = ..................................[5]

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Section B

Answer two questions from this section.

Use the lined pages provided and, if necessary, continueon the separate sheets available from the Supervisor.

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a wind turbine used to produce electricity. The turbine blades are turned by thewind and are connected to an electrical generator.

Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2

(a) Energy can be converted from one form into another.

(i) State the useful energy transformations that occur during the operation of a wind

turbine.

(ii) Describe briefly why more energy is produced per second if

1. the wind blows faster,

2. the turbine blades are longer,

3. the turbine is more efficient.

(iii) State one other energy transformation that produces electricity on a large scale and inwhich fuel is not burnt.

[6]

(b) In one revolution the blades sweep out a circle, as shown in Fig.9.2. In 60 s a volume of540000m3 of air travelling at a speed of 6.0 m/s is incident at right angles on that circle. Thedensity of air is 1.2 kg/m3.

Calculate

(i) the mass of air that passes through this circle in 60 s,

(ii) the initial kinetic energy of this mass of air,

(iii) the maximum input power available to the wind turbine.[9]

electrical generatorturbine blade turbine blade

wind turbine

air

12

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10 Lamps, which operate normally at a potential difference of 12 V, are used in the lighting circuit ofa car.

The lamps at the front of a car are connected in parallel as shown in Fig. 10.1. Switches are notshown.

Fig. 10.1

(a) State and explain two advantages of using lamps connected in parallel rather than in series.[4]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows how the current through the filament of a lamp varies as the potentialdifference across it is altered.

Fig. 10.2

00.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

potential difference /V

current /A

12V

14

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(i) For a potential difference of 12 V across the filament calculate

1. the resistance of the filament,

2. the electrical power supplied to it.

(ii) State how you know that the filament is behaving as a non-ohmic conductor.

[7]

(c) The lamp shown in Fig. 10.3 loses energy by conduction, convection and radiation.

Fig.10.3

Describe in detail how and where the lamp loses energy by these three methods. [4]

glass

filament

cap

15



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11 Fig. 11.1 shows an experiment in which a bell rings inside a glass jar.

Fig. 11.1

Sound is heard outside the jar.

(a) (i) Explain how sound is transmitted by the molecules of the air and the jar.

(ii) State and explain what is heard outside the jar as the air is removed from the jar.[4]

(b) To investigate a layer of rock underground, an explosion is made on the surface of the Earth.Fig.11.2 shows the arrangement.

Fig. 11.2

Sound from the explosion may travel to the detector through air (path 1), through earth (path 2),or by reflection from a layer of rock (path 3). Some sound travels into the layer of rock bypath 4.

detectorexplosion made here

surface

air

earth

layer of rock

12

3

4

5

to vacuum pump

glass jar

air

bell

16

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The time taken for the sound to reach the detector is shown in the table.

(i) Explain why sound arrives first at the detector along path 2.

(ii) Given that the speed of sound in air is 320 m/s, calculate the distance between thesource of sound and the detector.

(iii) Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the speed of sound in earth.

(iv) Light and sound are both waves and may be refracted and reflected.

The sound travelling along path 5 undergoes total internal reflection.

1. Explain what is meant by total internal reflection.

2. Explain how Fig. 11.2 shows that sound travels faster in the layer of rock than itdoes in earth.

[11]

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path 1 path 2 path 3

0.100 0.020 0.300time taken for sound to travel from source to detector / s


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Paper 2 May 2001 Physics

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