Asian Architecture Project 1 : Case Study PaperPaper Presentation

Application Of Passive Cooling Design Strategies To Reduce Energy Consumption And Heat Gain In

PJ Trade Centre, Petaling Jaya.

Prepared by : Farah Akmal bt Mohd Zamzuri (0315884)Tutor : Ms. Shahrianne Mohd Shah

Passive Cooling Design

(Solutions)Natural

Ventilation

Apertures for Cooling

Massing & Orientation of the

Building

Cross Ventilation

Stack Ventilation

Opening Types

Opening Sizes

Opening Shapes

Passive Cooling Strategies in Hot &

Humid ClimateVernacular Element

Malay Traditional House

Heat Gain & Thermal Comfort

(Natural Factor)

(Comparison)

Reduce Energy Consumption?

Concept Mapping

Application Of Passive Cooling Design Strategies To Reduce Energy Usage And Heat

Gain In PJ Trade Centre, Petaling Jaya.

Research Question:■ What is passive cooling?■ What are the passive cooling design strategies implemented by the PJ

Trade Centre to be one of the energy-efficient building in Malaysia? ■ How does the passive cooling design increase the overall performance

of the design in the hot humid climate?

Passive Cooling■ Is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control

and heat dissipation in a building by preventing heat from entering the interior (heat gain prevention) or by removing heat from the building (natural cooling).

■ It uses local site natural resources as heat sink.■ Environmental heat sinks are:

Outdoor air – convection - openings Water – evaporation – building envelope Ground – conduction –building envelope

What are the strategies implemented by the PJ Trade Centre to be one of the energy-efficient building in

Malaysia?

Nature Ventilation

Apertures for Cooling

Massing & Orientation

Cross VentilationThe vertical circulation cores of the elevator lobbies on the main level and upper floors open on either end of their lengths to east and west faces for natural cross ventilation. (Low, 2010)

– To drive maximum wind into the building. – To achieve the optimum air change rate in

the design. – Controlling the heat flow of the building.– Provides thermal comfort to the occupants

in PJTC by constantly ventilate the space.

Wind Tunnel created in between office blocks.

The space is well ventilated but during

mid noon, it feels windy. Some workers enjoy staying there

relaxing their minds by watching the highway.

Occurs when there’s a pressure differences between one side of a building and the other.

Stack VentilationCooler outside air is drawn into buildings at a lower level, warmed by sources of heat within the building, and then rises through the building to vent out at a higher level.■ The chain link – allows stack ventilation to occur

throughout the building.■ The triple volume glass – the heat from the solar

radiation could be driven away from the internal space; warm air rises & cool air falls.

The space inside the glass curtain wall is really hot! So they still have to provide a fans.

The effectiveness of stack ventilation is influenced by:• The effective area of

openings.• The height of the stack.• The temperature difference

between the bottom and the top of the stack.

Apertures for Cooling (Glass Curtain Wall)A curtain wall is defined as thin, usually with aluminium-framed wall, containing in-fills of glass, metal panels or thin stone. Its non structural, lightweight material reducing construction costs.

Advantages ■ Transparency (aesthetic

value)■ Natural light can penetrate

deeper into the building.■ Reduce indoor artificial

lighting.■ Less energy consumptionDisadvantages■ No control over the thermal

comfort and visual comfort.

Massing & Orientation of the BuildingMassing Strategies for Passive Cooling:■ Thinner buildings increase the ratio of surface area to volume.  This

will make utilizing natural ventilation for passive cooling easy. Conversely, a deep floor plan will make natural ventilation difficult-especially getting air into the core of the building and may require mechanical ventilation.

■ Tall buildings also increase the effectiveness of natural ventilation, because wind speeds are faster at greater heights.  This improves not only cross ventilation but also stack effect ventilation.

■ Generally, orienting the building so that its shorter axis aligns with prevailing winds will provide the most wind ventilation, while orienting it perpendicular to prevailing winds will provide the least passive ventilation.  

Massing & Orientation of the Building■ The site for PJTC was oriented with its long axis facing North and

South, a verdant hill to the northwest and a semi industrial zone at the foothills of another greenbelt to the east.

■ The placement of the building’s masses is designed to create a pressure between two long sides of the building which are the East and West. PJTC longer façade is facing the East and West.

■ Broken down into four smaller mass with green elements in between. (Cross vent.)

■ PJTC main entrance is oriented facing the East to maximise the natural sunlight into the building through the glass curtain wall..

Passive Cooling Strategies in Hot & Humid Climate

Stack Ventilation

Cross Ventilation

How does the passive cooling design increase the overall performance of the design in the hot humid climate? Source : (Kamal, Abdul Wahab, & Che Ahmad, 2016)

Comparison between Traditional Malay House and PJTC

■ Roof space in the traditional house are properly ventilated.

■ The elongated open plans and minimal partition allows cross ventilation.

■ Have many full length fully operable windows and doors at body level.

■ Malay house are often oriented to face Mecca (east-west direction).

■ PJTC used roof garden to ventilate the space with some greenery.

■ Cross ventilation are used at the wind tunnel.

■ Full height ceiling to floor glass walls to enhance the natural daylight into the building and for ventilation.

■ PJTC main entrance is orientated facing East to maximise the natural sunlight into the building.

In conclusion, by reducing peak cooling load in the building with passive cooling design strategies will also minimise the needs for mechanical

cooling. This will lead to lower energy consumption.

Conclusion

References1. Reardon, C. & Clarke, D. (2016). Passive cooling | YourHome. Yourhome.gov.au. Retrieved

18 May 2016, from http://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/passive-cooling 2. Kamal, M. A. (2012). An overview of passive cooling techniques in buildings: design

concepts and architectural interventions. Acta Technica Nepocensis: Civil Engineering and Architecture, 55, 84-97. Retrieved from http://constructii.utcluj.ro/ActaCivilEng/download/atn/ATN2012(1)_8.pdf

3. Passive Design Strategies | Sustainability Workshop. (2016). Sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com. Retrieved 26 April 2016, from http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/passive-design-strategies

4. Leblebici, D. (2012). Journal of Business, Economics & Finance (2012), Vol.1 (1) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://sosyalbilimler.okan.edu.tr/media/06/50ed303d150ba0f350000006/4-Demet_Leblebici.pdf

5. Low, K. (2010). Small projects. Singapore: ORO Group. 6. Kamal, K., Abdul Wahab, L., & Che Ahmad, A. (2016). Climatic design of the traditional

Malay house to meet the requirements of modern living (1st ed.). Perak. Retrieved from http://anzasca.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ANZAScA2004_Kamal.pdf

7. Designing Buildings Wiki. (2016). Designingbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/