Papers from at the thirty-sixth meeting of the Seminar for Arabian Studies held in London, 18-20...

The inscribed wooden sticks of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in MunichAuthor(s): Peter SteinSource: Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, Vol. 33, Papers from at the thirty-sixth meeting of the Seminar for Arabian Studies held in London, 18-20 July 2002 (2003), pp.267-274Published by: ArchaeopressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41223768 .

Accessed: 10/06/2014 10:49

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

Archaeopress is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of theSeminar for Arabian Studies.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 195.78.108.140 on Tue, 10 Jun 2014 10:49:24 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=archaeopress

http://www.jstor.org/stable/41223768?origin=JSTOR-pdf

http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp


Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 33 (2003): 267-274

The inscribed wooden sticks of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich

Peter Stein

The Bavarian State Library (Bayerische Staatsbiblio- thek) in Munich possesses about 800 l inscribed wooden sticks from ancient Yemen which were acquired between 1991 and 1994. As far as I know, this is the largest collection of such objects outside Yemen.2 Of this total number, 589 pieces in different states of preserva- tion have so far been numbered with the siglum Mon.script.sab? and arranged in boxes. This is the material I will discuss in this paper. The remaining pieces, unsorted and in rather bad condition, have not yet been examined and will not be considered here.

Professor Dr. Stefan Weninger (then in Munich, now in Marburg) was the first to work on the Munich sticks. He chose a few pieces for publication, four of which have already been presented at the Seminar for Arabian Studies and published in the Proceedings* In 1999, the director of the Bavarian State Library, Dr. Hermann Leskien, concluded an agreement with Professor Dr. Manfred Krebernik and Professor Dr. Norbert Nebes of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena by which the two institutions would cooperate in the conservation and publication of the inscriptions on wood in the library's collection. On that occasion, a preliminary rough classification was made of the approximately 600 sticks which had been numbered. This was followed in Janu- ary 2002 by a much more detailed analysis of the material, undertaken by the present writer. The results of this investigation will be outlined in the first part of this paper. In the second part, I will present one of the more extensive legal texts of the collection as an example of the interesting data which can be expected from these inscriptions.

1. The Munich collection of inscribed wooden objects from Yemen

1.1. A classification of the wooden objects

The wooden objects should be classified according to two different criteria: date (based mainly on palaeogra-

phy) and content. Within the first criterion, two broad periods can be distinguished, which differ in many spe- cific features.

/././. The older period

More than half of the 589 numbered objects belong to an older period which corresponds to Ryckmans' palaeographic styles I-II (2001). The inscriptions of this period, which average only two lines of text each, have not yet been analyzed extensively and will therefore be discussed very briefly. First of all, apart from lists of personal names etc., we find legal documents whose formulae differ widely from those of the later period. Another important group of texts may be identified as amulets, as seems to be indicated by their characteristic shape: a small flat sliver of wood, less than 10 cm long, with an eye for fastening, and bearing an inscription of only a few letters (nos 31, 33, 48, 186, 297, and probably also 174 and 326).5 Although there are fewer of them, the abecedaries are worth mentioning because of their importance for reconstructing the Ancient South Semitic letter order.6 There are two complete examples in the Munich collection (nos 102 and 103). The lan- guage of the inscriptions of this period is Minaic, as is shown by some clear grammatical features (e.g. in nos 74, 76, 178, 231, and 258). However, in the last phase of this early period, which can be identified with J. Ryckmans' palaeographic style lid, we already find a Minaeo-Sabaic mixture.7

1.1.2. The more recent period

The approximately 200 pieces which remain,8 each bearing on average five to ten lines of text, are to be ascribed to Ryckmans1 palaeographic styles III-IV. His- torically, the inscriptions of his last style, IVb, continue into the late phase of Sabaic epigraphic documentation, as can be concluded from several inscriptions contain- ing Himyaritic dating formulae.



268 Peter Stein

The following types oftext are found among the inscriptions of this period: - legal documents - private and business letters - writing exercises - name lists - inscriptions with religious, or similar, content (e.g.

amulets).

With 60-70 examples each, letters and legal documents form the largest part of this corpus. These texts contain numerous historical data such as royal names, genealogies, and toponyms as well as a number of dates. Besides several dates expressed by eponyms, there are even some according to the Himyarite era which therefore give us absolute datings, e.g. a letter (no. 59) dated 554 Himyarite (AD 444) and a legal text (no. 91) dated 549 Himyarite (AD 439). These dates will make it eas- ier to fit the palaeographic classification of the minuscule inscriptions more precisely into an absolute chronological framework. There are only a small number of texts in each of the other categories. A particu- larly interesting group is made up of those pieces which, by their appearance, can be classified as exercises. In some texts, for example, the first line is repeated sign by sign one or more times in a different hand (e.g. nos 57, 148, 276, and 398). From the analysis of such pieces we can expect to gain an insight into scribal education in pre-Islamic Yemen, something which has hitherto been completely unknown.

As far as we can see, the division of the inscriptions into the two periods mentioned above is not simply an external (i.e. palaeographical) one, but is supported by the considerable linguistic, historical, and probably cultural differences reflected in the content of the inscriptions. Analysing the entire corpus we need always to bear in mind that we are not dealing with homogeneous material but with textual evidence of a wide cultural range over a history of more than a thousand years.

1.1.3. Objects with drawings

A few pieces should be mentioned which bear incised drawings, sometimes of excellent quality (e.g. no. 103 (alphabet) with a row of bull and ibex heads, and no. 322 with a [mythological?] hunting scene). Most of these are not accompanied by an inscription, but they are of considerable interest from the point-of-view of cultural history and art.

1.2. A short description of the publication project

The joint project of the Bavarian State Library in Mu- nich and the Friedrich-Schiller-University in Jena aims at investigating and publishing over the next few years the approximately 580 pieces mentioned above.9 For this purpose, an application for financial support has been submitted to the Deutsche Forschungsgemein- schaft (DFG). The project, which it is estimated will take six years, will be divided into two major parts. In the first phase we will work on the inscriptions of the more recent period (palaeographic styles III-IV), while the second phase will be devoted to the more ancient texts (styles I-II). Each phase will culminate in the publication of the inscriptions studied. Our aim is to pro- duce a complete documentation and, as far as possible, edition of the inscribed wooden objects of this collection. As a consequence, the total number of published documents in the Old South Arabian minuscule writing on wood will be increased considerably from the 33 10

which have appeared so far. Additionally, comparative studies on the onomasticon as well as historical, linguistic, and cultural questions may be incorporated into the project.

2. A legal document from the collection

In order to illustrate the interesting insights which can be expected from these inscriptions, I would now like to present no. 1 of the Munich collection as a typical example. This compact wooden cylinder bears a 14-line legal text which shows many parallels with well-known monumental inscriptions of similar content.

Mon, script sab. 1 A wooden cylinder, 12.5 x 3.5 cm. Palaeographic style IVa. Text 1 . sIcdtwn / w^hyhw / wbnyhmw / bnw / dy l.d/ °dm /bn/ gdnm / whbw / whmr / whwddn / l°d 3. mh< m>w/ whbs*bcn / w°hyhw / wbnyhmw / bny / s?h A.rm / °ns?qn / °dm / dyd / tty / mťtn / bnty / bn / s? 5. hrm / mr°ty / wldty / fmm / bnty / °ttn /rft/° 6. mt / dy°d / w^mwhmy / 3mťbh / wmrs!ct / wbnw / s*hr 7. m / fl / yqnynn / wbgl [or: wbrl' / wbcl / whwstn / wh&^mn/w 8. qyd / wqtydn / bhmt / mr°°tnhn / w°wldhmy / w 9. °wld / °wldhmy / zrbm / dwld / wldm / w°d 1 0. r / cdrm / wbnw / dy°d /fl /yhmfnn / whbrr



The inscribed wooden sticks of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich 269

1 1. n / l°dmhmw / bny / s2hrm / bhmt / mťtnhn / bn/ kl/ 0

12. r^rn / bhtm / wqfnm / wnkrm / wgrbm / wgybm / wdcb 13. rm / wkwn /dt/ nhltn / bwrh / ds'b3 / dhrf/ ns?°kr 14. b/bn/ nfdkrb / bn /fdhm /slcdtwn signature

Translation 1. SlcDTWN and his brothers as well as their sons, descendants of the [clan] D-YCD, 2. servants of the Banu GDNM, have handed over, granted, and entrusted to their 3. servants, [namely] WHBS^N and his brothers as well as their sons, descendants of the [clan] S2HRM, 4. [inhabitants of the city] of NffQM, servants of the [clan] D-YCD, two women, [namely] both daughters of the Banu 5. SřHRM, the two women who were born as twins, both daughters of the woman RFDT, maid- 6. servant of the [clan] D-YCD, - and their names are ЭМТЭВН and MRSlcT. And the Banü ffHRM 7. may keep and respect [?, or: retain] [them], possess and command [them], or sell and 8. exchange [them] or exchange [something] for those two women as well as for their children and 9. grandchildren [, which belong to them] as [full] proprietary right now and in future [lit.: for the child of a child and for the family (=generation?) 10. of a family]. And the Banu D-YCD shall grant pro- tection and assume responsibilities 11. for their servants, the Banu S2HRM, concerning those two women against any 12. man, great or small, alien or well known, "good" or "bad" [?]. 13. And this grant took place in the month D-S'B3 of the year of [the eponym] NS^KRB, 14. son of MCDKRB, descendant of the [clan] FDHM. SlcDTWN [has signed].

Historical commentary Ignoring for the moment some residual lexical prob- lems,11 I will give only a short commentary on some aspects of the socio-cultural background of our text. The structure and content of the document are quite similar to the so-called "Übergabeurkunden" Fakhry 3 from Sirwäfr and Fakhry 76 from Mãrib, both in a monumental ductus carved in stone (cf. the most recent remarks by Höfiier (1976: 28-33) and Korotayev (1995: 92-94) respectively). All these documents proclaim that a group of persons (twin sisters in the present text hwrn °lw ysHmynn, and hwrw hgrn srwh "citizens of the town

Sirwãb" in Fakhry 3/2,5, and kl °sldn w-Á%tn °lw ysHmynn "all men and women who are called [as follows]" in Fakhry 76/2-3) including their prospective offspring are handed over by a certain authority (mem- bers of the clan D-YCD in the present inscription, and the Sabaean king in the other inscriptions, respectively) to representatives of a clan of the town. While the verbal forms do not correspond exactly in all the texts (cf. hmr w-qnyn w-brgn w-bcln w-zrbn in Fakhry 3/1 and zrb w-hwfyn w-bcln w-brgn in Fakhry 76/1), derivations of the same roots occur in several cases (cf. e.g. yqnynn and bcl in line 7 as well as zrbm in line 9 of our text).

Both monumental inscriptions continue with the purpose of the transfer: "in order that those men [etc.] shall belong to the house, the community, and the clan as- sembly" of their new lords (cf. Fakhry 3/5-6: l-kwn Hn 3s'dn ...(6) ... Ubyt w-zbr w-rbc byt d-hbb; similarly Fa- khry 76/4-5).

12 In Fakhry 3/6, this is followed by the adverbial phrase "as [full] proprietary right now and in future" (zrbm brgm bcl«l»m l-wld wldm w-cdr cdrm' see Höfiier 1976: 31) which is also found in our inscription (lines 9-10). The social status of the individuals trans- ferred (cf. lines 10-12 of the present text) is specified in the monumental inscriptions as follows: "and that those men [etc.] be equal [in rank] with the [other] servants" of their lords who are in the same town (Fakhry 3/7-8: w-l-yknn °ln °s1dn ... mtl w-mknt °dm d-hbb °tldn "'s1 d °bytn (8) w-mhtntn b-hgrn srwh (see Höfiier 1976: 31) and the different formula in Fakhry 76/6-7).

Consequently, although the background of this kind of legal practice and the consequences for the people involved still remain unclear in detail, we can at least say that all three of these inscriptions document a similar legal procedure. This is the more remarkable as all three inscriptions date to the same historical period. In Fakhry 3 and 76 the Sabaean king Nas2aDkarib Yu^min Yuharftib (c. AD 270) is mentioned, while the present document is dated to a year of the eponym Nas2aDkarib bin Macdkarib bin FaçlUum who is already attested in Ja 610/6-7 Qufns*>krb bn (7) nfdkrb bnfdhm tnyri) which is from the reign of the very same king (see Robin 1994: 237). It may therefore be possible that this legal practice of handing over certain people to a clan of an important town was limited to that historical period, and may even have been a particular feature of the reign of this Sa- baean king.

One last point of special interest should be noted. This document on wood is signed, in contrast to the monumental inscriptions, whose structure is otherwise very similar. While monumental legal texts may contain the expression s'mcm d-flm "witness, who has signed,



270 Peter Stein

FIGUREI. Mon.script.sab. 1.



The inscribed wooden sticks of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich 27 1

FIGURE 2. Mon.script.sab. 1

[are13 the following persons:]"14 followed by the names of the witnesses, the individual signatures of those persons do not appear in an inscription carved in stone. On the other hand, as is already attested in other inscriptions on wood,15 line 14 of our text contains the name of the donor, written in a different, rough ductus, followed by a grid-like scrawl which has to be interpreted as the signature of the person mentioned earlier. The background of this difference between monumental inscriptions and those on wood becomes apparent from the following passage from a legal document written on stone from Sirwäb dating to the early middle Sabaic period:

w-hmtl dn msdqn bn ms^dq b-hw flm d- hbb w-hlfcmr [etc.] "And this document has been copied from the document which (the clan) D-HBB and HLK'MR [etc.] have signed." (Gl 1533/14-15).

Here the monumental inscription is explicitly called a copy of a document which bears the signatures of the

persons involved. It seems obvious that such a signed document would have been an inscription on a wooden stick like the present one. While the monumental copy on stone, probably erected in a prominent place, simply announced the documented case in public, the primary document, on wood, could, because of its small size, be held in safe-keeping in an archive. In case of legal ap- peal, this document could always be produced to prove the correctness of the legal case announced on stone. In this connection the so-called "Öffentlichkeitsklausel" (°hnn ckr l-yyfn and the like "whenever there is an ob- jection, it {seil, the document) should be produced" appears in a new light. For if the stone inscription had been the legally binding document, a repeated "publishing" of the inscription - already visible in public - would hardly make sense. However, the production of a stick normally stored out of sight in an archive, is much more understandable in this context. Such an archive may well have been held in a temple, as suggested by the following passage from a middle Sabaic legal inscription from Mãrib:



272 Peter Stein

[w-]mtl dn wtfn b-mbrmn s2bcn b-ns2qm "[And] a copy16 of this document is in the temple S?BCN in (the city of) NSPQM." (RES 3959/4).

Parallels for such a practice can be found in ancient Mesopotamia. The so-called "Landschenkungsurkun- den" or kudurrus from the Middle and Neo-Babylonian period (end of the second to first half of the first millen- nium ВС), which are normally carved on imposing, richly decorated stones, can also be interpreted as copies of the original deeds, created for public representation only. However, the actual, legally binding documents, marked by the names and seals of witnesses, may be found written on clay tablets which were kept in an archive (Brinkman 1980-83: 269f.).

Notes 1 I have been unable to verify the exact number of 809

items, announced by Weninger (2001: 241), since it has so far been impossible to examine the remaining, hitherto unnumbered, pieces because of their poor condition.

2 According to Ryckmans, the collection of the Oosters Instituut in Leiden comprises about 300 pieces (2001: 223f.). 3 Monumenta scripturae sabaicae. In this paper, however, the inscriptions will be cited simply by "no.".

4 See Weninger 2001 (for nos 12 and 65) and 2002 (nos 46 and 68). Perhaps a similar context can be assumed for some other objects of comparable size which also often bear short inscriptions, for instance those shaped like combs (nos 58, 228, and 505), needles (nos 178, 390, and 549) and spoons for cosmetic use (nos 217, 525, and 547, see Weninger 2001: 241, and n. 1). See recently Ryckmans 1997. The peculiarity in the letter order in the alphabet of the Leiden collection published there (Oostlnst. 37; see also Ryckmans 1997: n. 4) is certainly to be considered an irregular- ity since the "correct" order is now attested in both the Munich examples. 7 For instance, in no. 128, an inscription otherwise written almost completely in Sabaic (note the causa- tive formation l-t (3) fťtwn "you should bring" in lines 2-3 and the pronominal suffix -hw in line 6), we find -kmn as the pronominal suffix of the second person dual (lines 1-2) which corresponds exactly to the third person -s*mn in Minaic (Beeston 1984: § M 23:2), instead of the expected Sabaic -kmy (as attested in c Abdallah 1996: 22, line 2 and passim). 8 Apart from a small number of inscriptions which

cannot yet be classified because of the strange and rough ductus of their script. This excludes those already prepared for publication by S. Weninger (14 pieces) and M. Krebernik and N. Nebes (one piece each). 10 For the pieces published so far, see cAbdallah 1986, 1994, and 1996; Beeston 1989 and Ryckmans 1993; Drewes & Ryckmans 1997; Frantsouzoff 1999; Ryckmans 1997 and 1998; Ryckmans, Müller & Abdallah 1994; Ryckmans & Loundine 1997; We- ninger 2001 and 2002. Among these inscriptions we find 14 letters, six business documents, four lists of names, two alphabets, and three texts of a religious character. Most of the inscriptions are written in Sa- baic, but we also have one Minaic and two Had- ramitic ones.

11 In the translation, the passages of uncertain interpretation are marked with "[?]". In line 7, it is possible that the infinitive read bgl (cf. Arabic bajjala "re- vere") should instead be read brl and be identified with the verb brg (SD p. 31: "acquire"; the second meaning "give possession to (/-)" has to be interpreted as the derived verbal stem 02) of the monumental inscriptions like Fakhry 3/1 and Fakhry 76/1 (see the quotations from these texts, above). Since g and / are hardly distinguished in the monumental script of the middle Sabaic period, but are clearly distinct in the minuscule writing, the identification of both verbs seems quite probable given the similar context of the inscriptions. This root brl might well be connected with such personal names as BRLT, NCMBRL, etc. (see Hayajneh 1998: 95-96). For a detailed lexical interpretation we must await other parallels from the minuscule texts (there is at least one other example of brl in Mon.script.sab. 324/2 in a similar context). For the lexical interpretation of this passage see Höf- ner 1976: 31. This formula, which is probably standardized, always appears in the singular even though in most cases several persons are mentioned in what follows.

14 For example, CIH 601/19-25 and RES 3951/6-7, and a different form in CIH 376/16-17: w-ťlm yhfr* b-dn m (17) sdqn "And YHFRC has signed this document", see also CIH 609/8.

15 See Ryckmans, Müller & Abdallah 1994: nos 10, 12, and 13 as well as the Munich piece Mon.script.sab. 12 published by Weninger (2001: 241-245). Even letters are signed in this way, see Ryckmans, Müller & Abdallah 1994: nos 6 and 15.

10 Contra Rhodokanakis 1931: 21, and n. 2, mil here should mean "duplicate" in the sense of one of sev-



The inscribed wooden sticks of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich 273

eral copies of the same document. In this connection it is irrelevant whether or not this document should be called "original" - only the fact that it is kept within the temple is important here. While the stone of RES 3959 was found in Mãrib about 100 km southeast of the city of NffQM, the toponym NMRN mentioned in line 2 refers to the region in the Jawf (see al-Sheiba 1987: 58). Thus it is possible that, when citizens or property in both regions were involved, signed copies of the document were kept in Mãrib and in NSPQM as well.

Sigla

CIH Inscriptions in Corpus Inscriptionum Semiti- carum. Pars IV. Inscriptiones Himyariticas et Sabaeas continens. Paris: Reipublicae Typo- grapheo, 1889-1932.

Fakhry Inscriptions in Fakhry 1952. Ja 6 1 0 Sabaic inscription in Jamme 1 962. RES Inscriptions in Répertoire ďépigraphie sé-

mitique. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1900- 1968.

SD Beeston et al 1982.

References cAbdallãh Y.M.

1986. Hatt al-musnad wa-Dl-nuqus al-yamanïyat al-qadïmah. Dirãsah li-kitãbah yamanïyah qadîmah manqüsah calã 3l-hašab. Al-Halqat al-täniyah. Al-Yaman al-jadîd 15/6: 10-28.

1994. Ein altsüdarabischer Vertragstext von den neuentdeckten Inschriften auf Holz. Pages 1-12 in N. Nebes (ed.), Arabia Felix. Beiträge zur Sprache und Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien. Fest- schrift Walter W. Müller zum 60. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.

1996. Risãlah min imraDah bi-hatt al-zabür al-yamanï. New Arabian Studies 3: 18-28. [Arabic section]. beeston A.^.L.

1984. Sabaic Grammar. (Journal of Semitic Studies. Monograph, 6). Manchester: Journal of Semitic Studies.

1989. Mahmoud cAli Ghul and the Sabaean Cursive Script. Pages 15-19 in M.M. Ibrahim (ed.), Arabian Studies in Honour of Mahmoud Ghul: Symposium at Yarmouk University, December 8-11, 1984. (Yarmouk University Publications: Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology Series, 2). Wies- baden: Harrassowitz.

Beeston A.F.L., al-Ghul M.A., Müller W.W. & Ryckmans J. 1982. Sabaic Dictionary (English-French-Arabic). (Publication of the University of Sanaa, YAR). Lou-

vain-la-Neuve: Peeters/Beyrouth: Librairie du Liban. Brinkman J.A.

1980-1983. Kudurru. A. Philologisch. Pages 268-274 in Reallexikon der Assyr Mogie, vi. Berlin/New York. Drewes A.J. & Ryckmans J.

1997. Un pétiole de palme inscrit en sabéen, no. 14 de la collection de l'Oosters Instituut à Leyde. Pro- ceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 27: 225-230.

Fakhry A. 1952. An Archaeological Journey to Yemen (March-May, 1947). Part II. Epigraphical Texts, by G. Ryck-

mans. Cairo. Frantsouzoff S.

1999. Hadramitic documents written on palm-leafstalks. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Stud- ies 29: 55-65.

Hayajneh H. 1998. Die Personennamen in den qatabanischen Inschriften. Hildesheim/New York.



274 Peter Stein

Höfiier M. 1976. Inschriften aus Sirwãb, Haulãn (II. Teil). Sammlung Eduard Glaser, XII. Mit einem Anhang von

W.W. Müller. (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Phil.-hist. Klasse, Sitzungsberichte 304/5). Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Jamme A. 1962. Sabaean Inscriptions from Mahr am Bilqîs (Mârib). (Publications of the American Foundation for

the Study of Man, 3). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Korotayev A.

1995. Were there any Truly Matrilineal Lineages in the Arabian Peninsula? Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 25: 83-98.

Rhodokanakis N. 1931. Studien zur Lexikographie und Grammatik des Altsüdarabischen. III. Heft. (Akademie der Wis-

senschaften in Wien. Phil.-hist. Klasse. Sitzungsberichte 213/3) Wien: Akademie der Wissen- schaften.

Robin C.J. 1994. À propos d'une nouvelle inscription du règne de Shacrum Awtar, un réexamen de l'éponymat

sabéen à l'époque des rois de Saba3 et de dhu-Raydãn. Pages 230-249 in N. Nebes (ed.), Arabia Felix. Beiträge zur Sprache und Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien. Festschrift Walter W. Müller zum 60. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Ryckmans J. 1993. Les deux bâtonnets sud-arabes déchiffrés par Mahmoud Ghul. Pages 41-48 in A. Gingrich, S.

Haas, G. Paleczek & T. Fillitz (eds), Studies in Oriental Culture and History. Festschrift for W. Dostal. Frankfurt am Main: Lang.

1997. Un abécédaire sud-arabe archaïque complet, gravé sur un pétiole de palme. Pages 1 1-36 in I primi sessanta anni di scuola. Studi dedicati dagli amici a Sergio Noja Noseda nel suo 65° compleanno 7 Luglio 1996. Lesa: Fondazione Ferni Noja Noseda Studi Arabo Islamici.

1998. Nouveaux rois de Nashshân dans les textes sud-arabes gravés sur bois (résumé). In Fourth Inter- national Conference on the Civilizations of Ancient Yemen, Sanaa 10th- 13th March 1998.

2001. Origin and evolution of South Arabian minuscule writing on wood. Arabian Archaeology and Ep- igraphy 12: 223-235.

Ryckmans J. & Loundine A.G. 1997. Un pétiole de palme inscrit en mineen. Pages 171-180 in R.G. Stiegner (ed.), Aktualisierte Bei-

träge zum 1. Internationalen Symposion Südarabien interdisziplinär an der Universität Graz. Graz: Leykam.

Ryckmans J., Müller W.W. & Abdallah Y.M. 1994. Textes du Yémen antique inscrits sur bois (with an English Summary). (Publications de l'Institut

Orientaliste de Louvain, 43). Louvain-La-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste. al-Sheiba A.H.

1987. Die Ortsnamen in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften. Archäologische Berichte aus dem Yemen 4: 1- 62.

Weninger S. 200 1 . Two sticks with Ancient South Arabian inscriptions. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Stud-

ies 31: 241-248. 2002. More Sabaic minuscule texts from Munich. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 32:

217-223.

Author's address Peter Stein, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lehrstuhl für Semitische Philologie und Islamwissenschaft, Löbder- graben 24a, D-07743 Jena, Germany. e-mail [email protected]



Date post:	08-Jan-2017
Category:	Documents
Upload:	peter-stein
View:	220 times
Download:	4 times

Papers from at the thirty-sixth meeting of the Seminar for Arabian Studies held in London, 18-20...

Documents