PARADIYA PARPATI KALPA- A MERCURIAL ...2017/12/18 · Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, 8/2-15 [15] 5. Pranada...

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Patil et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

PARADIYA PARPATI KALPA- A MERCURIAL PREPARATION OF

AYURVEDA FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSE

*Dr. Shilpa Patil and Prof. Anand K. Chaudhary

Ph D Scholar, Department of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayureda, IMS BHU Varanasi, U.P.

India.

ABSTRACT

Parada (Mercury) has its own triumphalism on account of its

therapeutics effects on virtue of unique specified pharmaceutical

processes of its different dosage forms of Ayurveda. Elaborative

processes of Shodhan and Sanskar convert the industrial Mercury into

Medicinal Mercury. Parpati kalpa of Paradiya Yoga are one of the

most significant contributory remedy to treat diseases of

gastrointestinal disorders and other ailments. A control heating of

definitely proportionate compounds are melted on individualised

temperature range and compulsorily made cool immediately with

artificial cooling arrangements to have unique bonds in final forms of

medicines which are ultimate factor for its different therapeutic effects. In this review paper

we are trying to explore all possible information on preparation of Parpati and its therapeutic

treasures. Sole aim of this review paper is to invite researchers to reveal thrust points of

Parpati Kalpa for its further advancement.

KEY WORDS: Flakes, Gandhak, Parad, Parpati Preparation, modern technology.

INTRODUCTION

Ayurveda, an oldest system of medicine of world discovered medicinal preparations from

Mercury. Rasa Shastra is name of discipline which deals with pharmaceutics and

therapeutics of mercurial /metallic medicinal preparations of Ayurveda. Several dosage forms

of Mercury (Parada) have been invented in Ayurveda viz Kharaliya rasa, Parpati kalpa,

Kupi Pakwa rasa, Pottali kalpa etc. These dosage forms are made of Mercury and Sulphur

specifically with addition /deletion of some other metals/herbs as it’s constituent material.

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 6.647

Volume 7, Issue 2, 1331-1347 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

Article Received on

18 Dec. 2017,

Revised on 08 Jan. 2018,

Accepted on 29 Jan. 2018

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20182-11001

*Corresponding Author

Dr. Shilpa Patil

Ph D Scholar, Department of

Rasa Shastra, Faculty of

Ayureda, IMS BHU

Varanasi, U.P. India.


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Pharmaceutics of different dosage forms of Rasa Shastra is unique in terms of heat provided

to combination/compounds of Mercury and Sulphur (Gandhak) with adaptation of definite

instruments for the same.

Parpati is prepared in temperature range of 120 to 140 0

C where Kajjali (read triturated

black powder of Sulphur and Mercury) is melted and pressed hard to get it cooled

immediately with arrangements of infrastructure which finally gave it Parpat

(flat/flake)shape. Due to its specific shape it is known as Parpati Kalpa. More so ever, literal

origin of word Parpati is derived from the word ‘Parpat’ meaning ‘Papada’.

The first reference of Parpati is available in the treatise “Rasendra Mangal”of 8th

century

A.D. Here, Parpati was prepared by Parada, Gandhaka, Tamra(Copper) and Visha

(Aconitum ferox) and was indicated for disease like Kustha, Specifically for Gajacharma (a

kind of leprosy).[1]

Chakradatta written by Acharaya Chakrapani which is considered to be

the treatise of 11th century AD has explained Parpati and highlighted it as Rasa Parpati

which is indicated in the Grahani Roga (gastro intestinal disorders).[2]

Description of many

type of Parpatis are available in several classics of Rasa Shastra of medieval period with

variations in ingredients which are various Bhasmas(Incinerated/ calcined metallic or

mineral preparations), Vihsa, etc. with change of the Bhavana Dravayas(Solvent media for

impregnation).

With the development of many varieties of Parpati, service of ailing humanity with

administration of several kind of Parpati is in practice as target oriented medicines. But here

is a need of advancement of pharmaceutical processes involved in preparation of Parpati. We

do believe that with adaptation of advance technology therapeutic range and potency of

Parpati may be enhanced.

Different Types of Parpati

In ancient texts of Rasa Shastra, different types of Parpati have been mentioned. These

differentiations of Parpati are based on origin and form of metals /mineral, variety of herbs,

process of Bhavana, cooling material used and separating layers of process. These are

discussed as under mentioned –


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Table 01- Depicting different types of Parpati on basis of Ingredients.

Sr. no. Ingredients Name of Parpati

1. Parada as prime ingredient RasaParpati [3]

2. Presence of metals SwarnaParpati, LohaParpati

,[4,5,6,7]

TamraParpati, RudraParpati

3. Presence of minerals GaganParpati, ManduraParpati [8.9]

4. Presence of herbals Bola Parpati [10]

5. Presence of minerals, herbals Mallaparpati [11]

6. Presence of metals, minerals Panchamrita Parpati [12]

7. Presence of metals and precious stones Vijay Parpati [13]

8. Presence of precious stones Mani Parpati[14]

9. Presence of metals, minerals and

precious stones

Vijay Parpati, Mani Parpati, Sarveshwar

Parpati [13,14,15]

10. Parpati not containing Parad and

Gandhak Kshar Parpati

[16]

11. Containing five ingredients Panchamrita Parpati[17]

12. Containing seven ingredients Saptamrita Parpati [17]

13. Parpati showing results on diseases Kusthanta Parpati[18]

14. Parpati showing colour and quality of

ingredients like Shweta Parpati

[16]

15. Person who invented the Parpati Bhairvnatha Parpati[19]

Table 02- Depicting different types of Parpati on basis of ratio of base Ingredients

(Parada : Gandhaka).

Sr.

No. Name of Parpati

Ratio of Ingredients

(Parada : Gandhaka) References

1. Rasa Parpati (1st) 1:1 Rasa Yoga Sagar, 315-328

[20]

2. Rasa Parpati (3rd

) 1:2 Rasa Yoga Sagar,342-346[21]

3. Rasa Parpati (7th

) 1:3 Rasa Yoga Sagar,354-355[22]

4. Sarveshwar Parpati 1:4 Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, 8/2-

15 [15]

5. Pranada Parpati 1:7 Rasa Tantra sara and Siddha

prayoga sangraha, 153 [23]

Table 03- Depicting different types of Parpati on basis of Bhavana dravya used for

Kajjali preparation.

Sr. no. Name of Parapti Bhavana Dravya References

1. RasaParpati No Bhavana Rasa Tarangini.6/ 135-137 [24]

2. RasaParpati (2nd

) Tulsi Swarasa Rasa Yoga Sagar, 329 [25]

3. RasaParpati (8th

) Datura Swarasa Rasa Yoga Sagar ,356 [26]

4. GandhasmaParpati Makoya +Ardraka

Swarasa Rasa kamdhenu, Purvadha,129

[27]


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Table 04- Depicting different types of Parpati on basis of strength of fire (Agni) used for

Parpati preparation.

Sr. no. Parpati Mode of Fire References

1. RasaParpati (1st) Nirdhuma Badarangara Rasa Yoga Sagar 318

[28]

2. RasaParpati (3rd

) Mriduvanhi Rasa Yoga Sagar 335 [29]

3. RasaParpati Kokilescha Dahan Rasa Tarangini 6/136 [30]

4. RasaParpati Valuka, Nirdhume

badaranagara Rasamritam1/23-24

[31]

5. PanchamritaParpati Badarvanhi, Atimridupaka Rasa Yoga Sagar,169 [32]

Preparation of Parpati

Parpati is prepared in successive steps. First, a base is melted in which other ingredients are

embedded homogeneously. In Sagandha Kalpanas, this purpose is served by Gandhaka,

whereas in Nirgandha Kalpana it is Suryaksara, Navasadara which melts and prepared bed

for other ingredients. In this section of write up we are presenting equipments which are

necessary for the preparations of Parpati.

Equipments Essential in Preparation of Parpati

1. Mortar and pestle (Khalva yantra)[33]

For the preparation of Rasa Parpati, two types of Khalva Yantra are used. In the Khalava

Yantra initially all the substances are taken in given proportion and triturated till these get

status of homogeneous mixture. These khalva yantra (mortar and pestle) may be of two types

They are.

I. Ardha Candrakara Khalva Yantra (semilunar shaped)[34]

II. Vartulakara Khalva Yantra(circular shaped)[35]

2. Container (Patra)

According to Rasaratna Samuchchya the Parpati which is prepared in Loha Patra(Iron

vessel) is called as Loha Parpati and the Parpati which is prepared in Tamra Patra(copper

vessel) is called Tamra Parpati.[36]

Usually the Parpati is prepared in Loha Patra because

Gandhaka while melting in the Loha Patra react with Iron particles and forms FeS.[37]

3. Heat (Agni)

In the preparation of Parpati three types of Agnis (heating pattern ) are mentioned – Mrudu

Agni, Atimridu Agni and Badaragni In the preparation of Rasa Parpati, [37]

in Rasamritam

indirect heating at low temperature is suggested by adding the barrier of valuka between the

Kajjali containing loha Patra and source of heat.[38]


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4. Spatula (Shalaka)

To maintain the uniform heat on Kajjali and to prevent it from adhering to Darvi (ladle)

while melting, spatula is essential for stirring the mixture. For preparation of Sudhaksara

Rasa stirring with Kasthenalodaya is indicated [39]

. Sudhasara Rasa has been recommended

for the treatment of Atisara. Hence, Kutajadanda which is having Stambhana property

enhances the properties of Sudhasara Rasa and in Suvarna Parpati Laghuloha Shalaka is

used.[40]

Loha patra/ Darvi is used in almost pharmaceutical processing of all Parpatis as

Parad does not form amalgam with iron hence Laghuloha Shalaka may be safe to use.

5. Platform (Avasthapana)

Gomaya (Cow dung)[41]

Mahisimala (Buffalo dung)[42]

Samvinihita pankasthayi(Wet mud)[43]

,

Surabhimala mandalastha (Buffalo dung)[44]

etc. are used as platform to prepare Parpati.

Melted Kajjali should be pressed in between the flat platform made of cow dung covered

with Kadali Patra(Banana Leave). Practically, it is impossible since the cow dung cannot

press the Parpati properly and the cow dung may come out of the Kadali Patra as the Kadali

is too tender and can mix up with drug also we are of opinion that platform is only needed for

the proving the uniform spreading of the melted Kajjali/mixture banana leaf is only for

pressing the mixture to maintain uniformity of heat and shape of final product. Following the

classical method of preparation with Kadali patra and cow dung found little tedious.

Some authors opined that cow dung contains billiary products which in turn during

preparation of Parpati gets absorbed in to the heated Kajjali through the Patra media and

thus helps to regulate the billiary ailments and other Pittajanya vyadhis (diseases).[45]

We had

suggested that possibility of such kind of enzymatic activity is not possible as there is barrier

of banana leaf used for pressing the Parpati. Cow dung only serves the purpose of uniform

and cool platform needed for the immediate cooling of product.

6. Leaf (Patra)

Uses of different leaves have been enumerated in preparation of Parpati to act as separating

layer between cooling platform and melted material. These leaves should have thick layer to

prevent any transaction which may cause adulteration. These leaves are:


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Table no-05 Enumerating different leaves used for preparation of Parpati.

Sr.

no.

Name of

Patras(leaves) Pharmacological attributes Reason for use

1. Kadali Patra (Musa

Paradisiaca) [46]

Soft , Snigdha , Kasaya Rasa

tmaka and Grahi properties

which increase the efficacy of

Parpati

Commonly used, easily

available, broader, not consist

of elevations or depressions,

used for the treatment of

Atisara, Grahani.

2. Kamala

[47]

(Nelumbo nucifera)

Kasaya & Tikta Rasa, Shita

Virya

in the absence of Kadali

patra used for preparation of

Tamra Parpati

3. Nagavalli

[47]

(Piper betel)

Katu, Tikta & Kasaya Rasa,

Usna Virya. Dipana Pacana

& Grahi Properties.

in the absence of Kadali

patra used for preparation of

Tamra Parpati

4. Arka patra

[48]

(Calotropis Procera)

Katu , Tikta Rasa, Usna Virya

and Dipana & Pachana

Properties

used for preparation of Tamra

Parpati indicated in Shwas

roga

5.

Kutaja [49]

(Holarrhena

antidysenterica)

Tikta, Kasaya Rasa, Dipana

& Grahi and anti-diarrhoeal

property.

Used in Sudhasara parpati

for Atisara(diarrhoea)

6. Eranda Patra

[50]

(Ricinus communis)

Vataghna,Slesmaghna,

Amasosana, Dipana

Snigdha, Tiksna, Suksma

Gunas. Madhura, Katu &

Kasaya Rasa and Usna Virya.

Indicated in preparation of

kravyadha Parpati Rasa

7. Swinna Pata

[51]

(Wet cloth)

If above mentioned leaves are

not available, then a moist

cloth can be used for the

preparation of Parpati.

Easily available

7. Oils (Sneha)[37]

Taila or Ghrita are used in preparation of Parpati .Basic use of Sneha is to smear the Darvi

(ladle) and Kadali Patra so that Kajjali does not stick the containers and the Kadali Patra

should not burn, when melted Kajjali is poured on leaf. Sneha should be taken in little

quantity otherwise the Parpati does not form well. Prepared Parpati should be cleaned with a

cloth to remove the excessive sneha, which is adherent to Parpati, otherwise after some time

Parpati gives certain putrefying smell and becomes difficult to powder it.

Pharmaceutical processes involved in the preparation of Parpati as per the classics

A) Purification and potentiating (Shodhana) of Ingredients

Main ingredients of Parpati are Parada (Mercury) and Gandhak (Sulphur). These are

purified first, means treated for Shodhan in accordance of indications in classics of Rasa

Shastra.[52]


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B) Formation of Kajjali (black sulphide of Mercury) – Shodhita ingredients of Parpati then

subjected to Mardan process in khalva yantra and triturated till the shiny globules of Parada

are no longer visible, this substance is called as Kajjali,[52]

it is generally for Parada and

Gandhak as it forms the base of Parpati kalpana. As per formulations some Bhasmas of

metals, minerals, precious stones and some herbals are added in this base during trituration

of Kajjali.

C) Melting of Material (Sandravan)– With the help of Darvi (iron ladle) smeared with little

amount of Ghee( to avoid sticking and burning of sulphur), Kajjali or fine powder of

ingredients subjected to mild heat at the temperature range 120-1400C on heating device till

the complete melting of material and it becomes pankawat (like mud).[52]

D) Immediate pouring and instant cooling- Melted material then immediately poured on

the Kadali Patra placed over the cow dung. The poured melted material is immediately

pressed gently by means of lump of fresh cow dung mass prepared in another piece of Kadali

Patra. In this way melted Kajjali is spread quickly and takes the form of thin flanks /

sheet.[52]

Finally it should be collected, powdered and stored.

E)Parpati Paka Pariksa (observation for cooking completion)

To ascertain completion of preparation of Parpati some quality tests are mentioned in

classics which are as under[53]

1) Mridu(mild)

2) Madhyama(moderate)

3) Khara(intense)

This can be again observed in two stages.

i) Paka kalina pariksa (during the process)

ii) Pak paschat pariksa (after the Process)

Paka Kalina Pariksa (During process completion tests)

When the Kajjali is heated to melt, depending on the duration and quantity of heat supplied

certain characteristic changes occur in the melted Kajjali which in turn gives an idea of the

Parpati which is going to be formed. If the melted Kajjali has the colour of “Mayur

Candrika” (feather of peacock- turquoise) then the Paka is considered as Mridu (mild). [54]

If

the melted Kajjali has the consistency and appearance as that of “Tailabha” (Oily) then the


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Paka is considered as Madhyama (moderate)[55]

. If the melted Kajjali is of red colour then the

Paka is considered as Khara (Intense).[56]

Paka Paschata Pariksa (Tests after completions of process)

Depending on the flexibility of the prepared Parpati, the Paka of Parpati can be assessed. If

the Parpati remains soft and does not break easily on bending then it is considered as mridu

paka[57]

. If the Parpati is broken easily and the broken parts glitters like Raupyavata

(silver)[58]

then it is considered as madhyama paka. If Parpati is obtained in powdered form

having reddish colour, rough, heavy, Shlakshna(Smooth) in appearance than it is considered

as Khara Paka.[58]

Desired Paka (Chief desired characters)

Mridu and madhyama paka can be used for therapeutics. The Parpati of khara paka is

considered toxic and should not be used for therapeutic purpose[59]

but in exceptional case

khara paka is indicated for the preparation of RudraParpati.[60]

Therapeutic Treasure of Parpati

Parpati are prescribed to treat many disorders of human. These are used widely on virtue of

its ingredients and methods of preparations. It seems that containers in which Parpati is

prepared have some role to play in therapeutics of it. Many methods are adapted to improve

the therapeutic efficacy of the product. Therapeutic effects of Parpati are listed below –

Table no-06 Indicating the Amayika Prayoga (Internal Uses) of Rasa Parpati.[61]

Sr. no. Disease Parpati dose Sahapana -Adjuvants

1. Sangrahani 8 Ratti (1000mg) Hingu + Shweta jiraka

2. Unmada 8 Ratti(1000mg)

5 Ratti(625 mg)

Rasnamula + Goghrta

Dhaturabija churna

3. Apasmara 2-8 Ratti(250-1000mg) Brahmi swarasa, Trikatu

Nimbapata kalka

4. Udarasula - Eranda Bija Taila

5. Pandu - Guggulu churna

6. Arsha - Gomutra

7. Kustha - Nimbu panchaga +Bhallataka

Bakuchi+Bhrngaraja churna

8. Kaphaja Kasa - Trikatu

9. Vataja Jwara - Dasamula Kwatha


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DISCUSSION

On virtue of its pharmaceutical processes and ingredients therein Parpati are very specific

products of Ayurveda. In this dosage forms Mercury and Sulphur are first converted in form

of Kajjali and heated in control pattern to get the form of Parpati which ensures specific

compound formulations. In fact, melted sulphur in range of 120 0C provided bed for all other

ingredients which may form certain kind of organo- metallic compounds. Here, some slightly

different techniques are used in preparation of Parpati which is presumed to be basic reasons

for its therapeutic properties.

1) Kajjali is prepared and melted in the darvi,(ladle) smeared with cow’s ghee as it is

mentioned in the above procedure. In the melted Kajjali, Tamrabhasma,Lohabhasma etc. are

added and then the Parpati is prepared.[62]

2) To prepare of Loha Parpati Avaleha of Shati (confectionary prepared from Curcuma

zedoaria) is first prepare then addition of Lohabasma into it and finally Parpati is

prepared.[63]

3) Kajjali is to be triturated with Kumari Swarasa(Aloe vera juice) and make it into a ball

form. This ball is kept in an earthen plate and is to be covered by a Tamra plate. Then after

doing Sandhibandhana, cover whole arrangement by valuka and dipagni should be given for

3 Ghadis. Obtain final product in powder form.[64]

4) Triturate the Kajjali with Kumari Swarasa, make it like a ball, and cover it with Eranda

(leaves of Ricinus Communis)Patra and keep in Dhanyarasi for 3 days.[65]

5) Suddha Gandhaka is to be melted in the container, then Parada is added and triturated

with iron stirrer. When both of them mixed well, then the Parpati is to be prepared.[66]

First procedure (1) represents the variation in the time of addition of ingredients, procedure

(2) represents the Avaleha kalpana (Semisolid preparation) more than Parpati. Third

procedure(3) is like the arrangement more or less equal to valuka yantra method needed for

formation of Rasa sindura as there is indication of indirect heating, longer heat exposure to

the kajjali, formation of fine powder of final product and not the flakes like as in Parpati in

general. Last two procedures (4&5) describe the formation of Parpati without the application

of heat. In procedure no 4 only Bhavana of Kumari swaras is given while in procedure no 5

heat is applied only to melt the Gandhak and not the Kajjali. Agni sanskar (heating pattern)

plays a vital role in the preparation of Parpati it alters the physicochemical property. In

comparative studies on the effects of Kajjali and Rasa Parpati (essentially both HgS) there

are marked differences in their effect, notably the consistency of stool in patients during


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treatment with Kajjali it seems producing softer, loose stool whereas Parpati hardens the

stool.[67]

Fundamental reaction for the generation of mercury sulphide in a mixture of mercury and

sulphur is S+ Hg with ∆G0

= -46 Kj/mol. This negative free energy change ∆G0

shows the

theoretical feasibility of marking mercury sulphide by mixing elemental mercury and sulphur.

Thus, even before the heat treatment some mercury sulphide is present in kajjali sample. To

increase its proportion heat treatment seems essential.[68]

In description of contemporary science the process of Parpati preparation can be correlated

with the technology of solidification and stabilization of Mercury. As per these procedures

these are methods for safety disposal of mercury and have nothing to do with medicinal value

and therapeutics related with mercurial as per their understanding of subject .In the most

extended processes, mercury reacts with powdered sulphur and/or liquid sulphur

(polysulphide) to form mercuric sulphide, and this is considered the Best Demonstrated

Available Technology (BDAT) (Gorin et al., 1994).[69]

Mercuric sulphide is the most stable

compound formed between mercury and sulphur.

According to the Gibbs free energy value (-11.1kcal/mol) the direct reaction of elemental

mercury and sulphur (S +Hg - HgS) is thermodynamically favoured. A number of authors

have developed methods for stabilizing mercury by means of the formation of mercuric

sulphide. Svensson et al. studied a process to form cinnabar from a mixture of elemental

mercury or solid mercury oxide and solid sulphur or iron sulphide.[70]

Lopez et al described a

simple process to form metacinnabar from direct reaction between liquid mercury and

elemental sulphur, using the mechanical energy provided by a ball mill. [71]

If stabilization is a

chemical method that achieves chemical immobilization by the formation of stable or non-

water soluble compounds, to encapsulate means to embed within a stable matrix. Melting and

casting are part of the encapsulation process, which is based on solidification and/or chemical

stabilization technologies. The objective of these methods of present day science is to isolate

the waste from the surrounding environment by substantially reducing the area exposed to

potential leaching media.[72]

Number of S/S-based technologies have been developed in a

search for alternatives to cement. Sulphur polymer stabilization/solidification technology

(SPSS) is proving to be a promising S/S technology for the long-term storage of mercury. It

is based on the use of so-called sulphur polymer cement (SPC), a thermoplastic material

manufactured by several companies and marketed under several trade names.[73,74,75]


1341


Furhmann et al[76]

developed a method for treating mercury containing waste in a single

reaction vessel in two steps: a) stabilizing the waste with sulphur polymer cement in an inert

atmosphere to form a chemically stabilized mixture; and b) encapsulating the mixture by

heating to form a molten product which is cast to obtain a monolithic final waste form.

Additional sulphur polymer cement can be added in the encapsulation step if needed and a

stabilizing additive can be added in the process to improve the leaching properties of the

waste form. First step can be correlated with formation of Kajjali and second step with

formation of Parpati. Addition of sulphur repeatedly can be correlated with samaguna,

dwiguna, shadaguna bali jarita parad.

Other technique introduced for stabilization is MAYASA - MAYASA started in 2006 the

development of the stabilisation and micro-encapsulation technology within the EU project

MERSADE. This process stabilises mercury to form mercury sulphide which, in a later step,

is microencapsulated in a sulphur polymeric matrix. The patented process (ES 2 355 001)

consists of two steps: In the first step, mercury is stabilized with sulphur to form mercury

sulphide (dust) with a planetary ball mill. In a second step, this mercury sulfide is

incorporated and microencapsulated in a polymeric sulphur matrix at 140°C. The second step

provides an additional barrier for mercury to prevent and avoid mercury releases to the

environment and makes that the process is technically and economically hardly reversible to

obtain again mercury. In Parpati also we do instant cooling by cold platform and pressure by

kadali patra this may also forms barrier and avoid the mercury vapours to release into

environment as it is most hazardous to health.

Ayurvediya pharmaceutical techniques which are applied for preparation of different type of

Parpati are more or less similar to all above mentioned methods invented by contemporary

science for stabilisation of Mercury with Sulphur. Acharayas of Rasa Shastra ensure the

stability of mercurial compounds with Sulphur with its therapeutic treasure which are

unknown to the scientific community till date. If advances of science are incorporated with

basics of pharmaceutics of Rasa Shastra it would be far better for mankind.

All Rasa Shastra texts describe the Kajjali and Parpati as bandhas (substances of different

bond pattern) of Parad. Kajjali is considered as first Bandha and Parpati as Pota Bandha.

Bandha means a procedure to bind and to stabilise the Parada. What westerns are

discovering now, we have discovered back 8 th

AD and not only for stabilising but for the

internal administration of inorganic mercurial compounds, sulphide (Kajjjali,Parpati etc.)


1342


.But matter of fact at present is that we had not adapted new technologies in advancement of

our different dosage forms of Rasa Shastra (Ayurveda). Adaptation of pharmaceutical

technologies of contemporary period will improve quality, safety and efficacy of several

Parpatis used in practice of Ayurveda.

CONCLUSION

In preparation of Parpati, pure Parada(mercury) and Gandhak(sulphur) and other medicinal

material are used as per requirements of patients and diseases. On virtue of all facts and

figures presented in this review paper, we have established that Parpati kalpa are very unique

preparations of Ayurveda with target oriented therapeutic effects. And, one can enhance its

therapeutic efficacy further with contemporary technology.

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