Parallel Structure

Parallel Structure

Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.

Parallel Structure

Use parallel structure when dealing with two or more items in a series.

Parallel Structure

This would be words/phrases/clauses connected by conjunctions like “and” or “or” or words/phrases/clauses separated by commas.

Rule #1

Do NOT mix forms!

Rule #1This means if one item is in the infinitive form, then all must be in the infinitive form.

Rule #1This means if one item is in the gerund form, then all must be in the gerund form.

Rule #1

Same for prepositional phrases and participles.

Examples

Mary likes hiking, to swim, and bicycling.

Examples

Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.

ExamplesThe manager had to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a thorough manner.

ExamplesThe manager had to write his report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.

Examples

Parallel structure can be part of the subject or the predicate.

ExamplesEating in class and to put your feet on the desk are prohibited behaviors.

ExamplesEating in class and putting your feet on the desk are prohibited behaviors.

ClausesThere isn’t a strict rule for clauses other than that each clause must “match” in structure.

ExampleI told you that you should get ample sleep, that you should eat a good lunch, and to practice your part.

ExampleI told you that you should get ample sleep, that you should eat a good lunch, and that you should practice your part.

Lists after a colonAfter a colon, make sure all items are in the same form.

Lists after a colonUse the dictionary for these reasons: to find word meanings, pronunciations, and looking up irregular verbs.

Lists after a colonUse the dictionary for these reasons: to find word meanings, pronunciations, and irregular verbs.

Parallel Structure

When editing writing, look for all instances of conjunctions as well as commas separating words. Check to make sure parallel structure is in place.

Parallel Structure

This includes correlating conjunctions such as “not only”/ “but also” and “either”/ “or”.

Parallel Structure

When you have these conjunctions, make sure what comes after each part of the conjunction is parallel.

Parallel Structure

Ex:

I like not only to sleep on my side, but also using four pillows.

Parallel Structure

Ex:

I like not only to sleep on my side, but also using four pillows.

Parallel Structure

Ex:

I like not only to sleep on my side, but also to use four pillows.

Parallel Structure

Ex:

I like not only sleeping on my side, but also using four pillows.